vocabulary 词汇表.docx

vocabulary 词汇表.docx

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vocabulary词汇表

Word

Meaning

AssociatedWord

Category

Example

narrative

consistingoforcharacterizedbythetellingofastory

narration

adj

narrativepoetry

chronological

∙arrangedintheorderinwhichtheyhappened

chronologic

adj

Thefactsshouldbepresentedinchronologicalorder.

plagiarism

anactofplagiarizingsomething;somethingthathasbeenplagiarized

plagiarist

n

atextfullofplagiarisms

genre

aparticulartypeorstyleofliterature,art,filmormusicthatyoucanrecognizebecauseofitsspecialfeatures

n

agenreofart

compose

（notusedintheprogressivetenses）composesomething（formal）tocombinetogethertoformawhole

composed

v

Tenmencomposethecommittee.

synthesise

toproduceasubstancebymeansofchemicalorbiologicalprocesses

synthesization

v

Hehastosynthesisetheinformationhegets.

hinder

tomakeitdifficultforsomebodytodosomethingorforsomethingtohappen

Hinderance

v

Someteachersfelthinderedbyalackofresources.

template

ashapecutoutofahardmaterial,usedasamodelforproducingexactlythesameshapemanytimesinanothermaterial

plate

n

Pressingthetemplatefirmlydownontheplastic,cutarounditwithaknife.

trough

aperiodoftimewhenthelevelofsomethingislow,especiallyatimewhenabusinessortheeconomyisnotgrowing

n

Therehavebeenpeaksandtroughsinthelong-termtrendofunemployment.

tough

havingorcausingproblemsordifficulties

tougher-toughest

Adj

Itwasatoughdecisiontomake.

cirrhosis

aseriousdiseaseoftheliver,causedespeciallybydrinkingtoomuchalcohol

cirrhosed

n

lexicography

thetheoryandpracticeofwritingdictionaries

lexicographer

n

immerse

toputsomebody/somethingintoaliquidsothattheyoritarecompletelycovered

immersed

v

Theseedswillswellwhenimmersedinwater.

multicultural

fororincludingpeopleofseveraldifferentraces,religions,languagesandtraditions

culture

adj

amulticulturalapproachtoeducation

verbally

inspokenwordsandnotinwritingoractions

verbal

adv

Thecompanyhadreceivedcomplaintsbothverballyandinwriting.

synchronous

happeningorexistingatthesametime

synchronic

adj

radically

concerningthemostbasicandimportantpartsofsomething;thoroughandcomplete

radical

adj

theneedforradicalchangesineducation

gadget

asmalltoolordevicethatdoessomethinguseful

n

confess

toadmit,especiallyformallyortothepolice,thatyouhavedonesomethingwrongorillegalAfterhoursofquestioning,thesuspectconfessed.

confessed

v

Sheconfessedtothemurder.

consequent

happeningasaresultofsomething

consequently

v

theloweringoftaxesandtheconsequentincreaseinspending

asynchronous

（oftwoormoreobjectsorevents）notexistingorhappeningatthesametime

asynchronously

adj

exemplify

tobeatypicalexampleofsomething

exemplification

v

Herearlyworkisexemplifiedinherbook,‘AStudyofChildren'sMinds’.

dough

amixtureofflour,water,etc.thatismadeintobreadandpastry

n

Kneadthedoughonaflouredsurface

mnemonics

aword,sentence,poem,etc.thathelpsyoutoremembersomething

mnemonical

n

'MACRO'isamnemonicforthefivemaintechniques:

Memory,Aims,Concentration,ReviewandOrganization.

hygiene

thepracticeofkeepingyourselfandyourlivingandworkingareascleaninordertopreventillnessanddisease

n

Intheinterestsofhygiene,pleasewashyourhands.

catastrophe

asuddeneventthatcausesmanypeopletosuffer

catastropphic

n

Earlywarningsofrisingwaterlevelspreventedanothermajorcatastrophe.

manufacture

tomakegoodsinlargequantities,usingmachinery

manufactured

v

manufacturedgoods

pharmaceutial

connectedwithmakingandsellingdrugsandmedicines

pharmaceutials

adj

pharmaceuticalproducts

mumble

[intransitive,transitive]tospeakorsaysomethinginaquietvoiceinawaythatisnotclear

mutter

v

Icouldhearhimmumblingtohimself

tease

+speechtolaughatsomebodyandmakejokesaboutthem,eitherinafriendlywayorinordertoannoyorembarrassthem

v

Don'tgetupset—Iwasonlyteasing.

slurp

tomakealoudnoisewhileyouaredrinkingsomething

v

Hewasslurpinghistea.

spectacular

veryimpressive

spectacularly

adj

Messiscoredaspectaculargoal.

via

throughaplace

prep

WeflewhomeviaDubai.

borough

atownorpartofacitythathasitsownlocalgovernment

n

theLondonboroughofWestminster

amendment

asmallchangeorimprovementthatismadetoalaworadocument;theprocessofchangingalaworadocument

amend

n

Parliamentpassedthebillwithoutfurtheramendment.

adjacent

nexttoornearsomething

adj

Theplaneslandedonadjacentrunways.

hurricane

aviolentstormwithverystrongwinds,especiallyinthewesternAtlanticOcean

typhoon

n

HurricaneBettyisnowapproachingthecoastofFlorida

divorce

thelegalendingofamarriage

divorced

n

Themarriageendedindivorcein1996.

moral

concernedwithprinciplesofrightandwrongbehaviour

amoral

adj

amoralissue/dilemma/question

mechanical

operatedbypowerfromanengine

mechanically

adj

mechanicalparts

instead

intheplaceofsomebody/something

adv

LeewasillsoIwentinstead.

repetition

thefactofdoingorsayingthesamethingmanytimes

repeat

n

Inherworkwefindtheconstantrepetitionofthesamethemes.

define

tosayorexplainwhatthemeaningofawordorphraseis

defining

v

Lifeimprisonmentisdefinedas60yearsunderstatelaw.

carnival

apublicfestival,usuallyonethathappensataregulartimeeachyear,thatinvolvesmusicanddancinginthestreets,forwhichpeoplewearbrightlycolouredclothes

n

Thereisalocalcarnivaleveryyear.

nun

amemberofareligiouscommunityofwomenwhopromisetoserveGodalltheirlivesandoftenlivetogetherinaconvent

nuns

n

rugby

agameplayedbytwoteamsof13or15players,usinganovalballwhichmaybekickedorcarried.Teamstrytoputtheballovertheotherteam'sline.

rugbyfootball

n

Helikestoplayrugby.

aggressive

angry,andbehavinginathreateningway;readytoattack

aggressively

adj

Hegetsaggressivewhenhe'sdrunk.

narrative

theact,processorskilloftellingastory

story

n

Thenovelcontainstoomuchdialogueandnotenoughnarrative

expiry

anendingoftheperiodoftimewhenanofficialdocumentcanbeused,orwhenanagreementisvalid

n

theexpiryofafixed-termcontract

currency

thesystemofmoneythatacountryuses

n

tradinginforeigncurrencies

controversial

causingalotofangrypublicdiscussionanddisagreement

controversy

adj

oneofthemostcontroversialofLondon'snewofficeblocks

criterion

astandardorprinciplebywhichsomethingisjudged,orwiththehelpofwhichadecisionismade

criteria

n

Themaincriterionisvalueformoney.

consecutive

followingoneafteranotherinaseries,withoutinterruption

consecutively

adj

Aftersixconsecutivedefeats,theteamwasalmostreadytogiveup.

mutual

usedtodescribefeelingsthattwoormorepeoplehaveforeachotherequally,oractionsthataffecttwoormorepeopleequally

mutuality

adj

mutualrespect/understanding

exert

tousepowerorinfluencetoaffectsomebody/something

v

Themoonexertsaforceontheearththatcausesthetides.

attain

tosucceedingettingsomething,usuallyafteralotofeffort

v

Mostofourstudentsattainedfive‘A’gradesintheirexams.

virtuous

behavinginaverygoodandmoralway

virtuously

adj

Shelivedanentirelyvirtuouslife.

dilemma

asituationwhichmakesproblems,oftenoneinwhichyouhavetomakeaverydifficultchoicebetweenthingsofequalimportance

predicament

n

tofaceadilemma

astray

tobecomelost;tobestolen

adv

Welockedupourvaluablessotheywouldnotgoastray.

salutary

havingagoodeffectonsomebody/something,thoughoftenseemingunpleasant

beneficial

adj

Theaccidentwasasalutaryreminderofthedangersofclimbing.

unutterable

usedtoemphasizehowgreataparticularemotionorqualityis

utter

adj

unutterablesadness

magnitude

thegreatsizeorimportanceofsomething;thedegreetowhichsomethingislargeorimportant

adj

Wedidnotrealizethemagnitudeoftheproblem.

aquire

togainsomethingbyyourownefforts,abilityorbehaviour

v

ShehasacquiredagoodknowledgeofEnglish.

heritage

thehistory,traditionsandqualitiesthatacountryorsocietyhashadformanyyearsandthatareconsideredanimportantpartofitscharacter

n

Spain'srichculturalheritage

expose

toshowsomethingthatisusuallyhidden

reveal

v

Myjobasajournalististoexposethetruth.

warrior

（especiallyinthepast）apersonwhofightsinabattleorwar

n

awarriornation（=whosepeopleareskilledinfighting）

monopoly

thecompletecontroloftradeinparticulargoodsorthesupplyofaparticularservice;atypeofgoodsoraservicethatiscontrolledinthisway

n

Inthepastcentralgovernmenthadamonopolyontelevisionbroadcasting.

moral

concernedwithprinciplesofrightandwrongbehaviour

morality

adj

Thenewspaperswerefullofmoraloutrageattheweaknessofothercountries.

sprawl

tositorliewithyourarmsandlegsspreadoutinarelaxedorawkwardway

sprawling

v

HewassprawlinginanarmchairinfrontoftheTV.

aggressive

angry,andbehavinginathreateningway;readytoattack

aggresive

adj

Hegetsaggressivewhenhe'sdrunk.

tremendous

extremelygood

remarkable

adj

Itwasatremendousexperience.

tribe

（indevelopingcountries）agroupofpeopleofthesamerace,andwiththesamecustoms,lang