新媒体外文文献翻译译文3700字.docx

新媒体外文文献翻译译文3700字.docx

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新媒体外文文献翻译译文3700字

文献出处：

JonesRobert,Theoriginanddevelopmentofnewmedia[J].InternationalReviewofBusiness,2014,7

（2）:

157-169.

（声明：

本译文归XX文库所有，完整译文请到XX文库。

）

原文

Theoriginanddevelopmentofnewmedia

JonesRobert

Abstract

Theconceptofnewmediaisdistinguishedfromthemassmedia.Newmediaresearchfieldsregardsitasanewresearchfieldwhichisdifferentwiththemassmedia.Academicresearchesonnewmediafollowthepathofmasscommunicationresearchinlaterdevelopmentintheprocessofbecomingthenewforceoforiginalcommunicationresearchparadigmshift.

Keywords:

Newmedia;Masscommunication

1Introduction

Inthecurrentcommunicationfield,theconceptof"newmedia",iswellknown.Theconceptofscientificandnewmediaresearchwouldbeabletoformindependent,academiaoropinionsvary,unabletoagree.Manynewmediaresearchersjustcopingwithnewmediatechnologyemergeinendlessly,andforthescientificnatureofthenewmediaandnewmediaitselfisthelackofattention.

2Howtounderstandnewmedia

In2000,theinternationalacademiaaboutthemainstreamofthenewmediaresearchjournal"newmediaandsocialissueoneyeardiscoverslanguagewrote:

"werecognizethatthenewmediaistheconceptofarelativelyvulnerable,butitpointsoutthefocusontechnology,media,areintertwinedwithsociallifeaffecttheimportanceofthepotentialforchange."Althoughthe"newmedia"isarelativeconcept,butithassomecommonintotheculvert.Forexample,thegovernmentsetwoven（NGO）thisconcept,isliterallyanegativethereisnoclearconcept,referringtotheoriginallyusedbythemedia,butwheneveryonetousethisconcept,ithasspecificconnotation.Atpresent,theunderstandingofthenewmediagenerallytherearetwodifferentperspectives.

2.1Thelongitudinalhistoricalperspective

InMayof2008,theinternationalcommunicationassociationconferencepreludetoheldinMontreal,with"ofthelonghistoryoftheNewmedia:

incontextofcontemporaryandfuturedevelopment"thetopicoftheissueoffivepoints:

（1）thediscussionof"theOldandNewmedia（MediaHistoryOld&New）",andmoreNewmediaandhasalonghistoryofmedia;

（2）"historycompilationandNewmedia（Historiography&New）",toreflectonNewmediaresearchhistory--howweunderstandtheterminologyusedintheNewmedia,weneedtodoourwhatchangesintheexistingideology;（3）"culture,themeaningandCodes（Cultures,Meanings&Codes）",thenewconceptofmediaandculturalimplicationsandtherelationshipbetweentheexcavatedinalargeamounthasnotbeenthehistoryofnewmedia;（4）"system,group,weaveandnetwork（Institutions,Organizations&Networks）",focusonnewmediahistorydevelopinglatentintheinventionanduseofthestructuralfactorsbehindthemedia;（5）"bookswrittenHistoryofnewmedia（DoingNewMediaHistory）",thinkabouthowtowritenewmediaHistory.

Theemphasisonthelongitudinalhistoricalperspective,thereasonhasthefollowingthreepoints:

（1）theconceptof"newmedia"itselfistimeliness,butthemediawithhistoryphasereferenceistheso-called"newmedia".

（2）asa"newmedia"inthefieldofresearchisinthespecifichistoricalcontext,especiallyataparticularstageofmediumdevelopmenthistory,itsconnotationanddenotationofrelativestability.Canbeseenfromtheforeignliterature,70s~80softhe20thcentury,thisconceptisusedtorefertocannotbeincorporatedintonewmediaphenomenonoftraditionalmasscommunicationcategory.Beforethis,newmedia,thereisnoclear,（3）theresearchinvolvestheevolutionofmediaandnewmediarevolutionortheologyandmutation.Onlywithlongitudinalhistoricalperspective,cangraspnewmediaphenomenonanditsimplications.

2.2ThehorizontalAngleofview

Fromtheperspectiveofthehistoryofmediaoflongitudinal,newmediaisrelative,andinaspecifichistoricalperiod,newmediaisaconceptoftime.Withinacertainperiodoftime,theconnotationofthenewmediashouldhavearelativelystable.suchasmoredetailedinstructions,givesadefinitionofnewmediabasedondigitaltechnologyandInternettechnology,newmediaformofnewtechnologiessuchasmobilecommunicationtechnology,hardwareandsoftwareandinformationservicemode,suchasInternetTV,mobileTV,mobileTV,virtualcommunities,blogs,podcasts,searchengines,suchassimplepolymerization（RSS）.

Abroadcanberoughlydividedintotwocategories:

thedefinitionofaclassdefinitionfocusesonmediaformandthetechnicalcharacteristicsofthenewmedia.Forexample,BohrdefinesnewcommunicationtechnologiesForthetimeofthe"bigabout25kindsoftransmissionequipmenthereinafterreferredtoas";（RonRice）emphasizestwo-waytransmissionabilityofcomputerandtelecommunicationtechnologies,newmediaisdefinedassuchtransmissiontechnology-"containscomputingpower（orhost）microprocessor,canalloworpromotetheinteractionbetweenusersorbetweentheuserandinformation".

（2）anotherdefinitionisthetechnologyinthestudyoftheinfluenceoftheformationofthe"social",thinkthattheunderstandingofnewmediatotranscendtothemediaattention,intheformoftechnologystudyofmediatechnologyandhumanbehaviorandtheinteractionofsocialstructure.SteveJoneswroteintheintroductiontothenewmediaencyclopedia:

"inthedefinitionofnewmedia,theonlyperfectundoubtedlycomesfromthecomprehensiveunderstandingofhistory,technologyandsociety".Inthenewmediahandbook,aversionofthepreface,theeditorsputforwardaframeworktounderstandnewmedia,thinknewmediameanstransmissiontechnologyanditsrelatedsocialscene,whichincludesthefollowingseveralaspects:

"extendingourtransmissioncapacityequipment;usingthesedevicesforthespreadofactivitiesandpractices;aroundtheaboveequipmentandpracticeformofsocialorganizationandpractice.Todaytheculturalmeaningofthenewmediaalsograduallyattentionbyresearchers,thisframeworkgraduallybecameplumpperfect.Boththeclassdefinitionistheproductofnewmediaresearchindifferentperiods,thetwocomplementeachother.Thefirsttypedefinitiontodescribethetechnicalcharacteristicsofthenewmedia,isbasictoanunderstandingoftherichconnotationofnewmedia,newmediaalsomadeclearaperiodtostudymediaobjects;theseconddefinitionbasedonthis,understandthemediaframeworkisgivenandthegeneraldirection.

Atthesametime,theunderstandingof"newmedia"criticalquestionis:

whereisthenewmedia"new"?

Itisalsoanewmediaresearchersabroadhadawarmdiscussionquestions.BarrandMerryputforwardinthe"newmedia":

"new"referstothemediaforthefirsttimeintheformitself,orthemediashapecausedbythesocial,legal,political,economicandculturalcommunicationofthenewchanges?

This"new"referstotheengineeringandtechnicalpersonnelasthe"new",orordinarypeopletounderstandthe"new"?

"New"referstothenewextensionoftheoriginalmediatransmissionability,orfundamentalchangeorevencompletelyreplace?

"Newmedia"asaconceptconnotationisrichofpolymerization,referredtointhestudyofdiversityandcomplexityofthemakewecannotsimplyanswertheabovequestions,butintheconcreteresearchinevitablyhavetofaceit.

3Newmediaisderived

Asweknow,thenewmediainthe20thcentury,60~70sgraduallyhasitsrelativelyfixedreferredto.Here,wewillbeintheoriginofthedevelopmentofnewmediainthemediatoexamineitsspecifichistoricalconnotation.Thelonghistoryofhumanmediaisfullofevolutionandrevolutionofalternating,likealongriverslowlyhasrapids.Ourageisamediumofchange.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyasastartingpointtocombthroughthemediumofchangeisarelativelyreasonablechoice.

Inthehistoryofhumancommunication,shouldoccupytheimportantpositioninthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,thetelegraph,telephone,thephonograph,themotionandotherimportantcommunicationtechnologies.In1836,MorsedevelopedthefamousMorsecode,andthenextyeartodeveloptheworld'sfirsttransferof"dot"and"stroke"symbolmachine,named"telegraph".Theinventionofthetelegraphisfirstappliedinelectricpowerremotecommunication,constitutethecornerstoneofmoderncommunication,sincethen,therapiddevelopmentof"transmissionlinelightning",formedthehugecommunicationsnetwork.Sincethattime,almostoneandahalfcenturies"every25yearsisanimportantstage",suchascableofaround1850,1850and1880ofthetelephone,thetransmissionofelectromagneticwavesaround1900,1920and1930,theradiobroadcastingandtelevisionfrom1950to1960,thelastisstartinginthe70softhenewmedia.70s~80s,thefirstiscalledthenewmedia,cabletelevision,communications,videorecorders,selectivesatellitereceivingequipmentandbuddingcomputerintermediaryspread,etc.Communicationscholarsnoticedthatthesecannotbeincorporatedintomasscommunicationstudiedwithintheframeworkofthemedia.Thecommunicationequipmentanditsspreadphenomenonshowsitscharacteristicsdifferentfromthetraditionalmassmedia,suchasdifferentfromthefocusofthelinearone-waytransmission,interactivity,etc.Wewanttocomputerintermediaryspread,forexample,thecomputerintermediaryspreadthanothernewmediainteractivestrongeratthattime,andiscloselyrelatedtotoday'snewmediaforms.Earlycauseisthemainfocusoftheresearchinstitutions（suchasuniversityofrichsetofaggregationconcept,referredtointhestudyofdiversityandcomplexityofthemakewecannotsimplyanswertheabovequestions,butinspecificstudiesinevit