英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及答案及解析.docx

英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及答案及解析.docx

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英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及答案及解析

英语阅读理解（科普环保）练习题及答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳

选项。

AninternationalteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordhavefoundthatthewaypeopleusetheInternetiscloselytiedtotheseasonalmovementsinthenaturalworld.Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations（迁徙）.

Migratorybirds（候鸟）floodbacktowheretheyreproduceeveryspring.Thatmigratorybehaviorisaccompaniedbysomehumanbehavior."InEnglish-languageWikipedia（维基百科）,theonlinesearchesformigratoryspeciestendtoincreaseinspringwhenthosebirdsarriveintheUnitedStates,"saidtheleadauthorJohnMittermeier.

Andnotjustbirds.Mittermeierandhisteamsurveyednearly2.5billionWikipediasearchrecords,for32,000species,across245languages.Theyalsosawvariablesearchratesforinsects,horsetailsandfloweringplants.SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.

Thisfindingsuggestsnewwaystomonitorchangesintheworld'sbiologicaldiversity.Italsoshowsnewwaystoseehowmuchpeoplecareaboutnature,andwhichspeciesandareasmightbethemosteffectivetargetsforconservation.

Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,"Ithinkthere'saconcernamongconservationists（生态环境保护者）thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththenaturalworldandthatthey'renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsointhatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature."

RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearchdataisusefultoconservationbiologists,"Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:

whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp."

（1）Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?

A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.

B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.

C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.

D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.

（2）WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?

A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.

B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.

C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.

D.Topresentresearchers'heavyworkload.

（3）HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?

A.SatisfiedwithWikipedia'sservice.

B.WorriedaboutWikipediabehavior.

C.Amazedatpeople'scareaboutnature.

D.Sadaboutpeople'snotgettingclosetonature.

（4）WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?

A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.

B.Itincreasesinterestinbigdataapproaches.

C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'work.

D.Itpushespeopletosolvedifficultproblems.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。

他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。

这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。

它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然，以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations（迁徙）.可”知关于物种搜索，研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.可知在维基”百科上，许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。

即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedforme

toseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature可知Mittermeier看到人”们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的，感到非常兴奋和意外。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:

whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp.可知”Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法，我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:

哪些物种和地区正在发生变化，哪些人最关心这些问题，哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。

即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

InareasliketheCentralUnitedStatesthatgetlotsoftornadoes,there'sacommonpieceof

celestial（天上的）fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.Researchhasshownthatitisn'tquiteassimpleasthat,butscientistshavefoundthatifyouseeagreensky,youshouldprobablygoinside.Asfarasmostscientistscantell,thegreenskiesaroundpowerfulthunderstormsareusuallyacombinationofredsunsetsandwaterdroplets.

Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff

（反射）airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.Sothebluelightgetsbouncedallovertheskyandlookslikeit'scomingfromeverywhere.Meanwhile,aroundsunsetsunlighttravelsthroughsomuchatmospherethatjustaboutalltheblueisbouncedawayfromthehorizon,leavingallthoseredsandorangesbehind.Thesunsetmightlookexclusively（独有的）redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.

Bigtallthreateningstormcloudsaremadeofwaterdroplets,andeventhoughwaterisbestatreflectingbluelight,itcanstillreflectgreenprettywell,muchbetterthanredsandoranges,sounderjusttherightconditions,thewaterinandaroundacloudcanbouncethegreenlighthiddeninthesunsetrightintooureyesmakingtheskylookgreen.

Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.Soifyouseehugestormcloudsrollinginandagreentint（色调）inthesky,itdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthere'sabouttobeatornado,butitdoesmeanyoushouldprobablyheadindoors.

（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhyDotheCentralUnitedStatesGetTornadoes

B.DoGreenSkiesMeanaComingTornado

C.ACommonPieceofCelestialFortune-telling

D.GreenSkiesAreUniquetoClouds

（2）Whyaretheskiesblueinthedaytime?

A.Becauseonlybluelightcanbebouncedinthedaytime.

B.Becausethereismorebluelightthanlightofothercolors.

C.Becausebluelightisbouncedalloverthesky.

D.Becauseredlightisweakerthanbluelight.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?

A.Thesunset.B.Redlight.C.Bluelight.D.Water.

（4）Whatcanwelearnaboutfromthetext?

A.Stormcloudsaremadeofwaterdropletsandgreenlight.

B.Watercanreflectredlightaswellasbluelight.

C.Thereareonlyredandorangelightsinthesunsets.

D.Ifyouseeagreensky,therewillbeatornado.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家发现天空呈现绿色并不是产生龙卷风的云层所独有的，有时它们会导致大量降雨，甚至冰雹，待在室内或许是最好的选择。

（1）考查主旨大意。

通读全文，根据第一段中的“there'sacommonpieceofcelestial（天上的）fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.”和最后一段中的“Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.

Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.可知，本文主要话题”是关注绿色的天空是否意味着即将来临的龙卷风展开的，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorter

wavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff（反射）airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.可知，”白天天空是蓝色,因为蓝色短的波长的可见光会反射空气分子比红色的长波长光。

故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。

根据第二段中的“Thesunsetmightlookexclusively（独有的）redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.可知”，选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.可”

知，水既能反射蓝光，也能反射红光，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解

Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor（流星）thatfelltotheearthlastyear.TheobjectswerediscoveredoffthecoastoftheUnitedStatesinthePacificOcean.

ThecrewoftheNautilus,aprivateresearchship,recoveredtherockparticles（颗粒）.TheNautilusisoperatedbytheOceanExplorationTrust.Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.

ThesearchwaslaunchedafterUSgovernmentweatherstationsobservedalargemeteoriteexplodingsomemonthsago.Theexplosionlituptheskyandsenttherockparticlestotheearth.ThemeteoritefallwasthelargestrecordedovertheUnitedStatesinatleast20years.TheteamincludesscientistsfromNASA,theOlympicCoastNationalMarineSanctuaryandtheUniversityofWashington.Thescientistsexaminedwhattheybelieveweretwosmallmeteoritefragments.Furthertestingisneededbeforetheycanconfirmthatthematerialcamefromtheexplosion.

TheNautilusisequippedwithtworemotelyoperatedvehicles（ROVs）,calledHerculesandArgus.Theseroboticsubmarineshelpresearchersfindandcollectmaterialsfromtheseafloor.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthefirstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean.Untilthelatestresearch,scientistshadonlyaccidentallydiscoveredasmallnumberofmeteoritesfromdrillingoperations.

Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.First,meteoriteparticlesarebasicallymadeofglassymaterialsthatdonottendtolastlonginseawater.Secondly,theycamefromwhatlookedlikeasmallholeontheseafloor.Someevidenceshowsthattheycamefromsomethingthatfell.

（1）Whatisthecurrentgoalofthe