届上海市高三一模阅读A篇专项归纳.docx
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届上海市高三一模阅读A篇专项归纳
1宝山区(A)
Manypeopleexperienceproblemswiththeirspine(脊椎)astheyage.Thetissuethatprotectsthejointsinthespinegraduallybreaksdown.Asaconsequence,thebones,inthespinebegintorubagainsteachother.Thisfurtherharmsthatissueaswellasthebones.Theresultispaininthejointsand,sometimes,innervesnearthespine.
Thispainfulproblemisactuallyadiseasecalledosteoporosis.Somepeoplearemoreatriskofosteoporosisbecauseofgenesthattheyinheritedfromtheirancestors.Extremelyheavypeoplearealsomorelikelytosufferfromthisdiseasebecausetheirextraweightputsmuchpressureontheirjoints.Fortunately,therearestepsthatpeoplecantaketohelppreventosteoporosisfromdevelopingintheirspine.
Themostimportantstepisexercise.Stretchescanhelpthemusclesaroundthespinerelaxandallowbonestoshiftintobetteralignment(排列),Strengthexerciseswithlightweightsorbodyweightexerciseslikepushupscanalsohelpbystrengtheningthemusclesaroundthespine.However,peopleshouldnotoverdotheseexercisesasrepeatedmotionscanstrainthemusclesaroundthespine.Tryingtoliftheavyweightswithpoortechniquecanhavethesameeffect.
Anotherimportantfactorisdiet.Itaffectsthehealthofspinebecausemanyvitaminsarenecessaryforbonesandnerves.TheseincludeBvitaminsandomega-3fattyacids,allofwhichhelpskeepnerveshealthy.PeoplecangetmoreBvitaminandomega3fattyacidsbytakingsupplementssoldbystores.AnotherimportantfactorisvitaminD.whichisessentialforstrongbones.Allofthesevitaminsandacidscanbeobtainedfromfood.Thuspeoplecanhelpthemselvesbyincludingthemintheirdailydiets.
56Whatdoesthisarticlemainlyexplain?
A.Variousaspectsofamedicalcondition.
B.Theactionsofvirusesthatcauseillnesses.
C.Drugsoftenusedtosolvethephysicalissue.
D.Thelocationoforgansinthehumanbody.
57.Howdoesthewriterbeginthisarticle?
A.Bypredictingimprovement.
B.Byanalyzingaseriesofdata.
C.Byintroducingminorinjuries.
D.Bydescribingagradualprocess
58.Whatcanreadersfindinthisarticle?
A.Awarningaboutworkingouttoohard.
B.Amethodforimprovingsleepquality.
C.Asloganusedtopromotehealthclasses.
D.Abigcriticismoftenaimedatdoctors.
59.Whatdoesthearticleimplyaboutsupplement?
A.Theyaremainlyforyoungsters.
B.Theyarecommercialproducts.
C.Theyarenowbeingresearched.
D.Theyareseldomtrulyeffective
56—59ADAB60—62CBD63—66BCCD
2崇明(A)
Fluiskillingus.Theusualresponsetotheannualfluisnotenoughtofightagainsttheriskswecurrentlyface,letaloneprepareusforanevendeadlierwidespreadfluthatmostexpertsagreewillcomeinthefuture.Yes,wehaveanannualvaccine(疫苗),andeveryonequalifiedshouldgetitwithoutquestion.Thereality,however,isthatlessthanhalfAmericansgetthefluvaccines.Andthefluvaccineswehaveareonly60%effectiveinthebestyearsand10%effectiveintheworstyears.Weurgentlyneedamuchmoreeffectivefluvaccine.
IntheU.Salone,seasonalflucancauseupto36millioninfections,three-quartersofamillionhospitalizationsand56,000deaths.Wearenotinvestingtheresourcesneededtoprotectourselves,ourlovedonesandourcommunities.
Whynot?
Wehaven’tbeenhitbyatrulydestructivewidespreaddiseaseinalongtime.Soasindividuals,weletdownourguardasourleadersquietlydefundanddistafftheservicesweneedtoprotectus.
Theriskofcontinuedfootdraggingishuge.Inaseverewidespreaddisease,theU.Shealthcaresystemcouldbedefeatedinjustweeks.Millionsofpeoplewouldbeinfectedbythevirus,andwoulddieintheweeksandmonthsfollowingtheinitialoutbreak.
Thecostofpreventingepidemics(流行病)isroughlyatenthofwhatitcoststocopewiththemwhentheyhit.In2012,acallwasissuedforanannualbillion-dollarU.S.commitmenttothedevelopmentofauniversalfluvaccine.Sixyearslater,thesearchforauniversalvaccineremainedseriouslyunderfunded.
Thesimplereasonliesinourcollectivesatisfaction.Assoonasheadlinesaboutthefluaregoinghospitalsareemptiedofflupatients,andschoolandworkplaceabsenceratesdeclines,wegobacktobusinessasusual.
Leadingscientistsandpublichealthofficialshavethecapabilitytokeepusmuchsaferfromflu.Theyneedyourquickanddecisivesupporttosucceed.Youractiontodaymaybeamatteroflifeanddeathforyouandyourlovedones.
56.Theproblemofthecurrentfluvaccinesisthat__________.
A.theyarenotavailableeveryyearB.mostAmericansarenotallowedtogetthem
C.noteveryoneisqualifiedforthemD.manypeoplestillcatchfluaftergettingthem
57.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“continuedfootdragging”inParagraph4?
A.Hospitalscannotmeettheneedsofpatientsduringfluoutbreaks.
B.Theleaderscontinuetodragthefeetofthepatientsinfectedwithflu
C.Individualsaren’talertenoughtotheunderinvestmentinfluprevention.
D.Fluwillcertainlybecomeaseverewidespreaddiseaseinnearfuture.
58.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Scienceiscurrentlynotsodevelopedastokeepussaferfromflu.
B.Thedeathfromfluismuchhigherthanthatfromotherdiseases.
C.Thegeneralpublicispartiallytoblamefortheneglectoffluprevention.
D.Developingauniversalfluvaccinewillcostmorethandealingwithflu.
59.Theauthorwrotethepassagemainlyto_______-.
A.teachpeoplemoreeffectivewaystofightagainstflu
B.callonpeopletotakefluoutbreaksfarmoreseriously
C.encouragemedicalscientiststodevelopmorefluvaccines
D.urgethegovernmenttopublicizetherisksofwidespreadflu.
56.D57.C58.C59.B60.D
61.C62.A63.A64.A65.B66.B
3普陀(A)
Lastsummer,bird-watchersconfirmedthediscoveryofanewspeciesofbirdinCambodiawasnotaneventofparticularbiologicalsignificance,butitwasstrikingforonereasoninpart.ThisspeciesofbirdwasdiscoverednotinanunspoiledrainforestbutwithinthelimitsCambodia’scapital,PhnomPenh–acitythesizeofPhiladelphia.
Whattheresearchersfoundwassurprisingincities.Themedium-sizedcityinthestateabout110speciesofbirds,over95percentofwhichwouldhavebeengrowingthereurbanization.Ecologicallyspeaking,citiesaredifferent,concretebuildings.Rather,eachuniquebio-profile–akindofecologicalfingerprint–thatisagainsttheideaofanenvironmentdeadzone.
Ofcourse,it’salsotruethatintheworldofbirdsandplants,asinhumansociety,thereissuchathingasworldwide—thecity-inhabitantswhofeelequallyathomeinSanFrancisco,MilanandBeijing.Fourbirdsoccurinmorethan80percentofthecitiesstudied,and11plantsoccurredinmorethan90percentofthecities.Ontheplantside,thoseareseeminglyspreadbyEuropeansettlement.Intheair,it’stheusualsuspects:
therockpigeonandmanyotherbirds.“Theyhavebecomecompletelyadaptedtourbanlife,”Kattisays.“That’snotmuchofsurprise.Buttheydon’tactuallydominateasmuchaswethinktheydo.”Thosespecies—occurringinthecitiesacrosstheglobe—representonlyasmallpartofacity’snaturalvarieties.
Notallcitiesareequalprotectorsofnativeanimalsandplants,though.Oneofthebiggestpredictorsforacity’sbiodiversityisitsurbandesign.Territoryasvariedasbackyardsandstreettreescanlayimportantrolesingreeningacity.Infact,theamouhtofgreenspaceisastrongerpredictorofthedensityofbiodiversitythanacity’ssize.Ametropoliswithasizablenetworkofparkscancontainmorespeciespersquaremilethanamuchsmallercity.
Inaworldwherearchitecture,food,language,fashionandcommerceareincreasinglyglobalized,acity’snativeanimalsandplantscanbeakindofidentity.TheremaybeneighborhoodsinLondonandParisthatresembleSingaporeorHongKong.Citiesarebecomingsimilar,buttheirnaturalenvironmentsstandcompletelyapart.
56.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouthinkofPhnomPenh,Cambodia’scapital?
A.Itisfullofvariousrareplantsandanimals.
B.Itsbirds’populationislargerthanthatofSanFrancisco.
C.It’sasbigasPhiladelphiaintermsofarea.
D.ItisonanequalfootingwithBeijingandMilan.
57.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTthesameastheauthor’sidea?
A.Fromabiologicalpointnewchangeshappeneveryday.
B.Fromanenvironmentalpointthedailychangesaren’tobviousenough.
C.Eachcityhasdifferentcharacteristicsintermsofecologicaldevelopment.
D.Differentspeciesofcreaturesarebornindifferentcities.
58.Someplantsarefoundinmanycitiesintheworld,whichseemstobearesultof____.
A.naturalselectionB.globalization
C.urbandevelopmentD.colonization
59.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.WhatSurprisingCities!
TheMedium-sizedCityHasVariousSpeciesofBirds!
B.ThePowerofPlantsandAnimals!
TheCharmofAlltheCities!
C.TheCitiesAreConcreteJungles!
NeverThinkaboutThemtheSameWayAgain!
D.MoreSpeciesPerSquareMile!
TheAmountofGreenSpaceIsaStrongerPredictor!
56-59CBDC60-62DCB63-66BBAC
4青浦(A)
JackLondon,oneofAmerica’smajorwritersofadventuretales,wasborninCaliforniain1876.Duringhislife,Londonworkedatmanyjobs.Hisbroadlifeexperienceswouldbecomethebackgroundforhiswriting.
Londonlovedtoread.Asateenager,hespentmanyhourseducatinghimselfattheOakland,California,publiclibrary.HeattendedcollegeattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,buthestayedforonlysixmonths.HethoughtBerkel