议论文的常见类型和写作模式.docx

议论文的常见类型和写作模式.docx

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议论文的常见类型和写作模式

议论文的常见类型和写作模式

正反观点类/对比类

⏹Para.1提出一种社会现象或话题

⏹Para.2对此人们持有不同的观点----有些人认为…….有必要…；有些人观点相反，认为……没有必要…

⏹Para.3你的看法

⏹Para.1______hasbecomeahottopicamongpeoplerecently.Opinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeopleareinclinedtothinkthat___________.Onthecontrary,therearestillmanypeoplewhowon’tagree,andtheyclaim____________.

⏹Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleviocegrowingconcernover__________.Somepeoplearguethat_______,inthat________,whileothersfirmlyholdthat____________.

⏹（社会现象）

⏹Para.2

⏹Thosewhoareinfavorof_________arguethat_______________.First,_______.Second,__________.Third,____________.

Peoplewhocriticize________,ontheotherhand,maintainthat____________.Foronething,_________.Foranotherthing,__________

⏹Para.3（个人看法）

⏹AsforasIamconcerned,myfavorgoestothefirst/secondview.Ontheonehand,_______.Ontheotherhand,___________.

⏹Inmyopinion,bothsidesarepartlyright.Whenwe_________,weshouldtakeintoconsiderationallaspectsoftheproblemsandthenmaketherightdicisions.

⏹1.有人认为大学里应独自生活

⏹2.另一些认为大学里应与别人同住

⏹3.你的看法

⏹LivingaloneorLivingwithRoommates

⏹Nowadays,therehasappearedaheateddiscussionamongthecollegestudentsastowhethertheyshouldlivealoneoutsidethecampusorlivetogetherwithotherroommatesinthestudents’dormitory.Opinionsaredividedoverthematter.

⏹ThosewhoareinfavorofLivingalonemaintainthatitisveryconvenienttolivebythemselves.Theycanenjoyabsolutefreedominaroomoftheirown.Theycanhavetheirowntimetablewithoutdisturbingothers.TheyarealsofreetoequiptheroomwithapersonalcomputersothattheycanhaveeasyaccesstotheInternet.

⏹Butothersarguethatlivingwithroommateshasattractionsofitsown.Withseveralstudentssharingthesameroom,eachperson’sexperiencescanbegreatlyenriched.Theycanlearnalotfromtalkingtooneanother.Bylearningtotoleratethedifferencesbetweenindividuals,theycanbecomemoremature.

⏹AsfarasI’mconcerned,IprefertolivewithroommatesbecauseIlovethefeelingofbelonging.Besides,itisalotcheapertoliveinadormthantorentaapartmentoutsidethecampus

⏹说明利弊型---某一现象或观点有利有弊，形成自己的观点

⏹Para.1.描述或点明一种现象或观点

⏹Para.2.分析这种现象或观点的优缺点/利弊

⏹Para.3针对问题提出解决方法

（我的看法/我认为……）

例：

2008年6月2011年6月

OnlineShopping

⏹Inrecentyears,nothinghasgainedmorepopularitythan____duetotherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology（scienceandtechnology/society）._________________________________（列举其表现形式）.

⏹Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandthesteadyimprovementofourlivingstandards,__________havesteppedintopeople’severydaylife._____________（列举其表现形式）.

⏹Para.2

⏹Undoubtedly,______isofmanyadvantages.First,__________.Second,__________.Lastbutnot（bynomeans）least,_________.Justaseverycoinhastwosides,itistrueof___________.Inthebeginning,_________.What’smore,____________.And_________.

⏹Para.3

⏹AsfarasI’mconcerned,_____hasbecomeincreasinglybecomeanirrversibletrendinthemodernsociety.Itisurgentthat________.And__________________.Inshort/Inasense/Inconclusion,onlybydoing_____canwe____________.

⏹Onlyif_________canwe_________.

⏹Onlyinthiswaycanwe___________.

⏹Onlywhen_________canwe_______.

⏹Onlyafter__________canwe________.

常用写法一

Doingsth.hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Theadvantagesofdoingsth.canbeillustratedfromthefollowing.Tobeginwith,__________.Secondly,_____________.Lastbutnotleast,____________.However,therearealsosomedisadvantagesofdoingsth.Firstofall,_________.Anotherdisadvantageis___________.Inaddition,___________.

常用写法二

Thereareseveraladvantagesofdoingsth.Inthefirstplace,___________.Inthesecondplace,___________.Whatismore,________.Justaseverythinghastwosides,doingsomethingcanalsocausesomeproblems.Foronething,_________.Foranother,____________.Forstillanother,____________.Furthermore,___________.

Direction:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicPrivateSchool？

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

⏹1.当前，社会上有很多私立学校和培训学校；

⏹2.私立学校的利与弊；

⏹3.你的看法。

⏹Itcanbenoticedthatalargenumberofprivateschoolsortrainingorganizationsbecomeanewlandscapeineducation.Whenyoureadnewspapers,whenyouwatchTV,whenyouwalkontheroad,youwillinevitablyseelotsofadvertisementsaboutprivateschools.Thereareprivateschoolsmainlydealingwithforeignlanguages,computers,musicandsports.

⏹However,isitagoodorbadthingtohavesomanyprivateschools?

Asacoinhastwosides,soaretheprivateschools.Ontheonehand,privateschoolscanmeetthespecialneedsofthesocietyortheparticularrequirementsofpeople.Ontheotherhand,theyoftenbringpeopleextraburdenbecauseofcomparisonandcompetition.

⏹Whenaskedtodecidewhetherweshouldhaveasocietywithoutprivateschoolsorasocietywithprivateschools,Iwillnothesitateamomenttopreferthelatter.Althoughattendingatrainingcoursewillresultintheextracostorburden,itisoftremendousmeritsinpreparingmyworkandcultivatingmyskills.

现象分析类型

⏹Para.1提出社会现象或一个问题

⏹Para.2分析问题

分析原因

分析其必要性

解析其对社会或生活造成的影响危害

⏹Para.3解决问题

⏹例：

2010年6月

⏹2009年1月

⏹Para.1现象描述或问题提出

⏹Nowadays,itisnotuncommontoseethat______________.Thisphenomenoninfluences_________andfosters__________.

⏹Para.2（探讨原因）

⏹Thisphenomenoncanactuallybeattributedtoseveralpossiblereasons.Tostartwith,________.Meanwhile,___________.Inaddtion,________.

⏹Therearemanyreasonswhy….

⏹Theexistenceoftheproblemof…canbeattributedtothefollowingmainreasons.

⏹Para.3提出对策

⏹Topicsentence:

Since___is_____,weshoulddo________.First,__________.Second,____________.Finally,_______.Anyway,only_________canwe_________.

提出对策或解决问题的常用句型

⏹Todealwiththisproblemsuccessfully,thegovernment,thedepartmentconcernedhastakenmanyeffectivemeasures.

⏹Variousmeasures/steps/actionsshouldbetakentohandletheproblemof…

⏹Thefollowingmeasurescanbeadopted/carriedouttocopewiththeproblemof…

⏹Therearemanymeansthroughwhichcollegestudentscangettoknowthesociety.

⏹Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicEnvironmentalProtection.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

⏹1.全球变暖对地球环境造成了很大影响

⏹2.引起全球变暖的原因

⏹3.我们需要采取的措施

⏹Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicCollegeStudents’JobHunting.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

⏹1.近几年出现了大学生就业难的现象

⏹2.产生这种现象的原因（如大学生追求的目标过高，专业不对口等）

⏹3.如何解决这一问题（改变就业观念，大学生再培训等）

⏹HowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTraffic

⏹Outline:

⏹问题：

城市交通拥挤Λ

⏹解决方案（solution）

1、建造（laydown）更多道路优点：

1）降低街道拥挤程度；2）加速车流（flowoftraffic）缺点：

占地过多

2、开辟（openup）更多公共汽车线路优点：

减少自行车与小汽车缺点：

对部分人可能造成不便

⏹结论：

两者结合

⏹EnvironmentalProtection

⏹Noone，regardlessofrace,religionornationality,candenythattheworldweliveinisbecomingincreasinglyintolerablebecauseoftheeffectsofglobalwarming.Accordingtomanyexperts,evengreaterimpactsarestillontheway.

⏹Therearenumerouscausesforthisproblem.Ononehand,human-relatedemissionsofcarbonintotheatmosphereiscausing,andwillinthefuturecause,significantglobalwarmingaccordingtothetheory.Ontheotherhand,thelackofknowledgeabouttheimportanceofprotectingenvironmenthindersthesolvingoftheproblem.

⏹Itisurgentthatimmediateandeffectiveactionsshouldbetakenrightaway.First,moretreesneedtobeplantedtohelpimproveandbeautifytheenvironment.Besides,stricterlawsconcerningglobalwarmingandirresponsibleuseoffuelresourceshavetobeputintoeffectandachievedgoodresults.Inaword,thereisalongwaytogobeforewecantakeacomfortableworldforgrantedagain.

⏹CollegeStudents’JobHunting

⏹Inrecentyears,collegestudentsfinditincreasinglydifficulttogetajob.Itsoundsstrangesinceyoungcollegestudentsareusuallyintelligent,well-educatedphenomenon,aspirantandeagertobringtheirtalentintofullplay.Thenwhatunderliesthestrangephenomenon

⏹

⏹XX文库-让每个人平等地提升自我Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.Tobeginwith,nowadayscollegestudentsaimtoohigh.Alltheywantare“good”jobswhichcouldoffergoodsalary,comfortableworkingconditions,highsocialstatusamongothers.Consequently,mostcollegestudentsareunwillingtoacceptvacantjobstheyconsidernot“good”enough.Anotherreasonisthatthereisabiggapbetweenthemajorssomestudentsstudyinschoolandthedemandsofvacantjobs.Socompaniesthinksomestudentsarenotfitforthejobs.

⏹Solutiontotheproblemrequireseffortsonboththesocietyandthestudents.Thecompaniesshouldvaluethestudents,talentandknowledgewhilethelattershouldnotmerelyaimatmaterialgains.Theyshouldbedown-to–earthinbuildinguptheircareer.Furthermore,theyshouldfacetheirweakpointssoastoimprovethemselvesandbemorecompetent.

基本形式上的稍微变异

⏹2011年1月

⏹现象+对策

⏹当提纲只有两条时，你要自己补充上第三条，可以是根据上面两条提纲下一个结论，或提出前景预测，或者补充上自己对这个现象的看法。

基本形式上的稍微变异

⏹Para.1、说明事物现状（描述现象）

⏹Para.2、事物本身的优点或者缺点

⏹Para.3、你对现状（或前景）的看法

⏹例：

2009年6月

⏹2007年1月

⏹Para.2在第一段的基础上提出其缺点

⏹Although_________enjoysdistinctadvantages,italsobringsproblems.Tobeginwith,_________.Inaddition,___________.

⏹But/However,someothersdon’t/couldn’t/believe/think/insist____________inthefollowingthreereasons.Firstly,-----------------（支持B的理由一）.Secondly（besides）,⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly（finally）,⑦------------------（理由三）.

基本形式上的稍微变异