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外文标题：

ElevatorGroupControlSystemBasedonFuzzySingle-chipComputer

外文作者：

DeyingGu,DongmeiYan

文献出处：

AppliedMechanicsandMaterialsVols55-57（2017）pp1218-1222（如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做）

英文1911单词，11902字符（字符就是印刷符），中文3081汉字。

ElevatorGroupControlSystemBasedonFuzzySingle-chip

Computer

Keywords:

ElevatorGroupControlSystem,FuzzySingle-chipComputer,controlrules,Fuzzyinference

Abstract:

Whatthegroupcontroloftheelevatortrafficsystemdealwithisacomplex,random,multi-objective,nonlinear,uncertaindecision-makingproblem.Goodeffectofcontrollingelevatorscan'tbeachievedwithtraditionalcontrolmethods.Elevatorgroupcontrolsystembasedonfuzzysinglechipcomputerisintroducedinthispaper.Fuzzyinferencecanbecarriedoutbasedoncontrolrulesthatareprogrammedbasedexperts’experience.Thenelevatorsareallocatedinthelightofinferenceresultinordertoachieveidealcontroleffect.

Introduction

Elevatorgroupcontrolsystemisacomplex,random,multi-objective,non-linear,uncertaindecision-makingproblem,becausetherearealotofuncertaintiesinelevatorgroupcontrolsystem,suchasnumbersofpassengersineachfloor,theflooreachpassengerwillarrive,callingsignaloutofelevatorandtrafficsituation.

ZongQunetc.proposedanewmulti-objectiveelevatorgroupcontrolalgorithmbasedonfuzzylogic,describesitsstructureandrealizationindetail.Thealgorithmcanchangethepowervectorofthemultipleobjectivesautomatically.Theeffectivenessofthealgorithmisconfirmedbycomputationresult[1].

ElevatorGroupControlSystemBasedonFuzzySingle-chipComputerisintroducedinthispaperagainstshortcomingsoftraditionalelevatorgroupcontrolsystem.Itaimsatdecreasingwaitingtimeandenergyloss.Itoptimizestheelevatorgroupharmoniously[2-6].

Fuzzyset

TheconceptFuzzysetwasfirstpresentedbyAmericalearnercalledZadel.Membershipfunctionwasintroducedtostudyfuzzyrule.Later,fuzzysetwasappliedintocontrolfield.Thenfuzzycontroltheorywasformed.Fuzzycontroltheoryisanewkindofcomputercontrolapproachesbasedonmathematicalknowledgeincludingfuzzyset,fuzzylanguagevariantandfuzzyinference.Fuzzycontrolismainlyimplantedwithexpertiseofoperators.StructureoffuzzycontrolsystemisshowninFig.l.

Fig.1structureoffuzzycontrolsystem

Fig.1structureoffuzzycontrolsystem

Fuzzylogicstartswiththeconceptofafuzzyset.Afuzzysetisasetwithoutaclearlydefinedboundary.Itcancontainelementswithonlyapartialdegreeofmembership.Tounderstandwhatafuzzysetis,firstconsiderwhatismeantbywhatwemightcallaclassicalset.Aclassicalsetisacontainerthatwhollyincludesorwhollyexcludesanygivenelement.

Amembershipfunction（MF）isacurvethatdefineshoweachpointintheinputspaceismappedtoamembershipvaluebetween0and1.Oneofthemostcommonlyusedexamplesofafuzzysetisthetemperature.Inthiscasetheuniverseofdiscourseistemperature,sayfrom15to37degreeCelsius,andtheword"high"wouldcorrespondtoacurvethatdefinesthedegreetowhichtemperatureishigh.Ifthesetofisgiventhewell-definedboundaryofaclassicalset,wemightsaytemperaturehigherthan30degreeCelsiusareconsideredhigh.

Itmaymakesensetoconsiderthesetofallrealnumberslowerthan30degreeCelsiusbecausenumbersbelongonanabstractplane,butwhenwewanttotalkaboutrealtemperature;itisunreasonabletocallthesubstances’temperature（29degreeCelsius）islowandanothersubstances9temperature（29degreeCelsius）ishigh,whichtheydifferinonedegreeCelsius.MembershipfunctionofMamdanitypeisshowninFig2.

Fig2.MembershipfunctionofMamdanitype

Fig2.MembershipfunctionofMamdanitype

FuzzylogicletsonedescribecomplexsystemsusingexpertiseknowledgeandexperienceinsimpleEnglish-likerules.Itdoesnotrequireanysystemmodelingorcomplexmathequationsgoverningtherelationshipbetweeninputsandoutputs.Fuzzyrulesareveryeasytolearnanduse.Ittypicallytakesonlyafewrulestodescribesystemsthatmayrequireseveraloflinesofconventionalsoftware.Asaresult,FuzzyLogicsignificantlysimplifiesdesigncomplexity.

Mostreallifephysicalsystemsareactuallynon-linearsystems.Conventionaldesignapproachesusedifferentapproximationmethodstohandlenon-linearity.Alinearapproximationtechniqueisrelativelysimple,howeverittendstolimitcontrolperformanceandmaybecostlytoimplementincertainapplications.Apiecewiselineartechniqueworksbetter,althoughmultipleinputsexist;alookuptablemaybeimpracticalorverycostlytoimplementduetoitslargememoryrequirements.

Fuzzyprovidesanalternativesolutiontonon-linearcontrolbecauseitisclosertotherealworld.Nonlinearityishandledbyrules,membershipfunctions,andtheinferenceprocesswhichresultsinimprovedperformance,simplerimplementation,andreduceddesigncosts.

Byusingamorenaturalrule-basedapproachwhichisclosertotherealworld,Fuzzycontrolcanofferasuperiorperformanceandabettertrade-offbetweensystemrobustnessandsensitivity,whichresultsintohandlingnon-linearcontrolbetterthantraditionalmethods.Theconceptsusedinelevatorsgroupcontrolsystemarealmostfuzzy,suchaspassengerwaitingtime,passengersflowvolume,passengersinthecarandelevators’responsetimeforcalling,whichcan'tbedefinedpreciselywithquantitativelimitsandalsohardlydealtwithcommonlogicrules.Thus,elevatorsgroupcontrolsystemcanbemanipulatedwithfuzzyinferencethatisbasedonexperts'experiences.

StructureoftheSystem

FunctionsUnitStructureofthesystemisshowninFig3.

1）Samplingunit:

Twokindsofinformationcanbeachievedinsamplingunit,whicharecalledcallinginformationrelatingelevators’startingtimesandpassengers’locationandInformationofpresentelevators’stateincludingdegreeofcongestioninelevators,elevators’locationandtrafficdirection.Allinformationinsamplingunitistransmittedtotrafficflowpatternrecognitionunitinordertoanalyzetrafficstates.

2）TrafficflowPatternrecognitionunit:

Elevatorsareoperatedinlightoffourmodesasfollows:

UpPeakmode,downPeakmode,normaltrafficflowmodeandidlemode.Itisnecessarytoallocatemoreelevatorstothegroundfloorbecausemanypassengersrequirebeingconveyedformgroundfloortootherfloorsinuppeakmode.

Fig3structureofthesystem

Fig3structureofthesystem

Downpeakmodeischaracterizedbywhichmanypassengersrequirebeingconveyedtogroundfloorduringtheintervalofbeingoff-duty.Normalpassengerflowvolumeisnearlyequaltodownpassengerflowvolume.Callingsignalsarecreatedcontinuallyandelevators’loadisapproximate.Idlemodecomeaboutisusuallypassengerflowvolumeissmallduringholidayornight.Idlemodeisselectedwhenelevators’loadisfarlesstanratedload.

Therearedifferentrequirementsindifferentmode.Forexample,waitingtimeisdecisiveinupordownpeakhourforselectingelevatorsandenergyconsumptionshouldbefocusedonintheidlemode.Inmoralmode,threeobjectivesmustbeconsideredsimultaneously.So,weightingofthreeobjectivesinthesystemvarieswithdifferentmodes.

3）Fuzzyinferenceunit:

Information（callinginformation,presentelevators’state）thatiscollectedinsamplingunitwillbedealtwithinfuzzysingle-chipcomputerinwhichtheyarefuzzifiedandinferenceismadewithfuzzyrulethendefuzzifiedtobetransmittedtoElevatorsAllocationunit.

4）ElevatorsAllocationunit:

Theinformationbeingsentformfuzzysingle-chipcomputer,samplingunitandtrafficflowPatternrecognitionunitareprocessedwithevaluatingfunctioninordertocreatecontrolsignalstodispatchelevatorsreasonably.

Fuzzysingle-chipcomputer-NLX230

NLX230with16fuzzifiersand64rulesisan8-bitmicrocontrollerutilizingfuzzylogicat30millionrulespersecond.TherearefivepartsintheNLX230（diagramisshowninfig4）.InitializationofthechipincludesloadingbitmapfordefiningMembershipFunction,outputrangeand64rulesatmost.NLX230worksdifferentlyfromgeneralMCUinthatitcomputesandoptimizestheoutputaccordingtofuzzylogictheory-itcontroloutputbyparalleloperation.

TherearetwodifferentoperationalmodesforNLX230.Theyareindependentanddependentmanner,whichisdecidedbylevelatoneofpincalledM/Sn.IflevelatM/Snisequalto1,thechipworksunderindependentmode.WhenlevelatM/Snisequalto0,thechipworksunderdependentmode.Inindependentmode,externalEEPROMcanbeloaddataautomatically,whicharewrittenintoEEPROMbasedondebuggedmembershipandfuzzyrulebydevelopmentsystem-AD230.Independentmode,dataisloadedbyexternallogiccircuitssuchasCPUetc.

FuzzyInferenceofNLX230isbaseon[Manidani],butitisparticularinstructureofmembershipfunctionandcontrolrules.

Fig4DiagramofNLX230,sstructure

ControlRulesofNX230

ControlrulesinNLX230isnoteasyunderstandbecausetheyareexpressedbasedondatainrulesregister,functionregister,initializationregisterandtypeofmembershipregisteretc.Thus,controlrulesareintroducedbydevelopmentsystemofNX230.DevelopmentsystemofNX230isAD230inwhichcontrolrulesdescribedintextcanbechangedintodatecorrespondingtorelatingregistersofNLX230.

Arithmetic

Fuzzycontrollersaredesignedinthesystemwithinputsarewaitingtime,passengers’numberandstops.Thesymbol（Wl,W2,W3）representsweightingofallelevatorsbasedoncountingresultinTraffi