GMAT数学1.docx

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GMAT数学1

GMAT数学

第一部分数学基础知识

一、代数Algebra

例1比较大小:

.

Thenumberofdistinctpositivefactorsofn14比较大小

例2:

252因子的个数是多少?

例3比较大小:

Aprinternumberedconsecutivelythepagesofabook,beginningwith1onthefirstpage.Innumberingthepage,heprintedatotalof204digits.

Thenumberofpagesinthebook105

例4比较大小:

Inacertaintwo-digitnumber,

theunits'digitistwicethetens'digit.5

Thetens'digit

例5比较大小:

二、描述统计descriptivestatistics

例6比较大小:

某长方形的周长为40,该长方形的最大面积100

例7比较大小:

空间5个点能够构成的直线数目10

例8:

求3,13,17的标准方差。

三、排列组合combination、概率probability

1.排列组合排列计算公式:

,组合计算公式:

2.概率

例9:

假如世界杯比赛共有32支球队,分成8个组,每组4个队,每组前两名出线,然后成对进行淘汰赛,直至决赛决出冠军,并且淘汰队不参加比赛,从中间任选出一场比赛观看是半决赛的机会有多大?

例10:

有4对男女,每对中有1男1女,从每对中选出1人,选出2男2女的概率是多少?

例11:

有3个打字员为4家公司服务,如果4家公司各有1份文件要录入,他们只能找到这3个打字员录入,且各公司对打字员的要求是随机的。

问每个打字员都收到文件的概率是多少?

例12:

两个骰子,六面的值分别为1,2,3,4,5,6,投掷这两个骰子,问其中一个骰子的值比另一个的值大2的概率为多大?

四、几何(Geometry)

例13比较大小:

RisapointintherectangularcoordinatesystemandOR=5.

Thex-coordinateofpointR54.9

例14比较大小:

(RS)2+(ST)2(RT)2

例15:

Accordingtothegraphabove,whenx=3,yismostnearly:

(A)-1(B)-1/2(C)0(D)1/2(E)1

五、文字题(WordProblem)

1.利息问题(interest)

单利simpleinterest复利compoundinterest

例16:

If$8000isinvestedat6percentsimpleannualinterest,howmuchinterestisearnedafter3months?

例17:

If$10,000isinvestedat10percentsimpleannualinterest,compoundsemiannually,whatisthebalanceafter1year?

2.折扣问题(discount)

例18:

Thepriceofanitemisdiscountedby20percentandthenthisreducedpriceisdiscountedbyanadditional30percent.Thesetwodiscountsareequaltoanoveralldiscountofwhatpercent?

3.英美常识问题

GRE难题解析

例1:

Onacertainnumberline,if-7isadistanceof4fromnand7isadistanceof18fromn,thenn=?

(A)25(B)11(C)-3(D)11(E)-11

例2:

Thediagramrepresentsarectangulargarden.Theshadedregionsareplantedinflowers,andtheunshadedregionisawalk2feetwide.Allanglesarerightangles.

Thesumoftheareasofthe2,800squarefeet

shadedregions

例3:

Themapshowstheonlyroadsthatconnectthefourtownsandshowsthedistancealongeachroad.

TheroaddistancebetweenAustenandSeburg

TheroaddistancebetweenCoaltownandWoodland

例4:

Howmanypositiveintegerslessthan20areequaltothesumofapositivemultipleof3andapositivemultipleof4?

(A)Two(B)Five(C)Seven(D)Ten(E)Nineteen

例5:

Whichofthefollowingsymbolsshouldbesubstitutedfor

tomakebothofthestatementstrueforallintegersnsuchthat-2

(A)≤(B)<(C)=(D)>(E)≥

4-n

6

4-n

5

例6:

Inasoccerleague,Iftherewere10teamsandeachteamplayedeachoftheotherteams16times,howmanygamesdideachteamplay?

(A)144(B)140(C)134(D)125(E)106

例7:

(NOTE:

DRAWNTOSCALE)

POPULATIONOFTHEU.S.AGE55ANDOVER

1984ANDPROJECTIONSFOR1995

INCOMEDISTRIBUTIONFORPOPULATION

OFTHEU.S.AGE55ANDOVER,1984

In1984medianincomeforapersoninthe55~64agecategorywasinwhichofthefollowingintervals?

(A)lessthan$10,000(B)$10,000~$19,999(C)$20,000~$24,999(D)$25,000~$34,999(E)$35,000~$49,999

例8:

Asampleofemployeesweretastedondata-entryskillsforonehour,andthenumberoferrors(x)theymadeandthepercentofemployees(p)makingxerrorswererecordedasfollows.

Numberoferrorx

0

1

2

3

4

5

6ormore

PercentofemployeesP

2%

5%

10%

24%

14%

20%

22%

whatwasthemediannumberoferrorsinthesample?

(A)3(B)3.5(C)4(D)4.5

(E)Itcannotbedeterminedfromtheinformationgiven.

例9:

d=7.56872andDisthedecimalexpressionfordroundedtothenearestthousandth.

ThenumberofdecimalplacewheredandDdiffer

4

例10:

Inacertaincountry,apersonisbornevery3secondsandapersondiesevery10seconds.Therefore,thebirthanddeathratesaccountforapopulationgrowthrateofonepersonevery

例11:

Ofthepositiveintegersthataremultiplesof30andarelessthanorequalto360,whatfractionaremultiplesof12?

(A)1/6(B)1/5(C)1/3(D)2/5(E)1/2

8inches

例12:

ThefigureshowsalargesquareformedbyfittingthreeL-shapedtilesandonesmallsquaretiletogether.Ifarectangularfloor10feetby12feetistobetiledinlargesquaresofthisdesign,howmanyL-shapedtileswillbeneeded?

(A)810(B)405(C)270(D)135(E)45

8inches

例13:

Thedailyrateforahotelroomthatsleeps4peopleis$39foronepersonandxdollarsforeachadditionalperson.If3peopletaketheroomforonedayandeachpays$21fortheroom,whatisthevalueofx?

(A)6(B)8(C)12(D)13(E)24

例14:

Apositiveintegerwithexactlytwodifferentdivisorsgreaterthan1mustbe

(A)aprime(B)aneveninteger(C)amultipleof3

(D)thesquareofaprime(E)thesquareofanoddinteger

例15:

x>z,y>zx+yz

例16:

x>yandxy≠0(x+y)/x(x+y)/y

例17:

2AF=AB=BD=DE=AE

ThesumoftheareaoftriangularregionABFandareaoftriangularregionCDE

TheareaofrectangularregionBCEF

例18:

Eachofthefollowingnumbershastwodigitsblottedout.Whichofthenumberscouldbethenumberofhoursinxdays,wherexisaninteger?

(A)25

06(B)50

26(C)56

02(D)62

50(E)65

20

例19:

Thereare1200representstoapoll,eachfavoringtheirpreferenceforcandidatesA,B,andC.54%favoredA,48%favoredB,and42%favoredC,andthereis30%favoredbothAandB.What’sthelargestpossiblenumberofrepresentsfavoringc,butnotC&B,norC&A?

(A)25%(B)30%(C)28%(D)38%(E)40%

例20:

Outof100ladiesattendingthechurchfete,85hadawhitehandbag;75hadblackshoes;60carriedanumbrella;90worearing,Howmanyladiesmusthavehadallfouritems?

(A)15(B)35(C)5(D)10(E)25

例21:

Inaninsurancecompany,eachpolicyhasapaperrecordandanelectricrecord.Forthosepolicieshavingincorrectpaperrecord,60%alsohavingincorrectelectricrecord;Forthosepolicieshavingincorrectelectricrecord,75%alsohavingincorrectpaperrecord.3%ofallpolicieshavebothincorrectpaperandincorrectelectricrecord.Ifwerandomlypickoutonepolicy,what’stheprobabilitythattheonehavingbothcorrectpaperandcorrectelectricrecord?

(A)0.80(B)0.94(C)0.75(D)0.88(E)0.92

ak

100

200

300

400

500

pk

0.10

0.25

0.20

0.25

0.20

例22:

Ifinanexperimenttheprobabilitiesofobtainingthevaluesa1,a2,a3,a4,a5arep1,p2,p3,p4,p5,respectively,thentheexpectedvalueisdefinedasa1p1+a2p2+a3p3+a4p4+a5p5.Forthevaluesandtheircorrespondingprobabilitiesinthetableabove,whatistheexpectedvalue?

(A)350(B)320(C)300(D)270(E)250

例23:

Thestandarddeviationofthesamplemeasurements0,2,4,6,and8

Thestandarddeviationofthesamplemeasurements1,3,5,7,and9

例24:

Whatisthetotalnumberofdifferent5-digitnumbersthatcontainallofthedigits2,3,4,7and9andinwhichnoneoftheevendigitsoccurnexttoeachother?

(A)72(B)100(C)120(D)60(E)48

例25:

Wateristobepouredatarateof2.5gallonsperminuteintoa500-gallontankthatinitiallycontains50gallonsofwater.

Thepercentofthetank'scapacitythatwillbe

filled1hourafterwaterbeginstobepouredin

60percent

例26:

Inthefigure,ifx,y,andzareintegerssuchthatx

(A)59and91(B)69and135(C)91and178(D)120and135(E)120and178

例27:

Thefigureshowsthedimensionsofrectangularboxthatistobecompletelywrappedwithpaper.Ifasinglesheetofpaperistobeusedwithoutpatching,thenthedimensionsofthepapercouldbe

(A)17inby25in(B)21inby24in(C)24inby12in

(D)24inby14in(E)26inby14in

例28:

Inthetable,whatistheleastnumberoftableentriesthatareneededtoshowthemileagebetweeneachcityandeachoftheotherfivecities?

(A)15(B)21(C)25(D)30(E)36

例29:

Astorecurrentlychargesthesamepriceforeachtowelthatitsells.Ifthecurrentpriceofeachtowelwastobeincreasedby$1,10fewerofthetowelscouldbeboughtfor$120,excludingsalestax.Whatisthecurrentpriceofeachtowel?

(A)$1(B)$2(C)$3(D)$4(E)$12

 

GRE数学常用符号及术语

一.数学中常用符号

  +:

   plus            X:

   multiply

  -:

   subtract           ÷:

  divide

  V~:

  square root         |...|:

 absolute value

  =:

   is equal to        =/=:

  is not equal to

  >:

   is greater than      <:

   is less than

  //:

  is parallel to      _|_:

  is perpendicular to

  >=:

  is greater than or equal to (或 no less than)

  <=:

  is less than or equal to (或no more than)

二.表达相应数目的前缀

1:

uni-,mono-  2:

bi-,du-,di-  3:

tri-,ter-, 4:

tetra-,quad-, 5:

penta-,quint,

 6:

hex-,sex-,  7:

sept-,hapta-,  8:

oct,  9:

enn-,  10:

dec-,deka-,

三.数学中常用单词术语

abscissa

横坐标

absolutevalue

绝对值

acuteangle

锐角

adjacentangle

邻角

addition

algebra

代数

altitude

anglebisector

角平分线

arc

area

面积

arithmeticmean

算术平均值(总和除以总数)

arithmeticprogression

等差数列(等差级数)

arm

直角三角形的股

at

总计(乘法)

average

平均值

base

becontainedin

位于...上

bisect

平分

center

圆心

chord

circle

圆形

circumference

圆周长

circumscribe

外切,外接

clockwise

顺时针方向

closestapproximation

最相近似的

combination

组合

commondivisor

公约数,公因子

commonfactor

公因子

complementaryangles

余角(二角和为90度)

Compositenumber

合数(可被除1及本身以外其它的数整除)

concentriccircle

同心圆

cone

圆锥(体积=1/3*∏*r*r*h)

congruent

全等的

consecutiveinteger

连续的整数

coordinate

坐标的

cost

成本

counterclockwise

逆时针方向

cube

1.立方数

2.立方体(体积=a*a*a  表面积=6*a*a)

cylinder

圆柱体

decagon

十边形

decimal

小数

decimalpoint

小数点

decreased

减少

decreaseto

减少到

decreaseby

减少了

degree

角度

define

1.定义2.化简

denominator

分母

de

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