Issue 分类总结 科研类.docx

Issue 分类总结 科研类.docx

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Issue分类总结科研类

科研、科学类

31"Moneyspentonresearchisalmostalwaysagoodinvestment,evenwhentheresultsofthatresearcharecontroversial."

A.Researchistheexplorationoftheunknownfortrueanswerstoourquestions,andforlastingsolutionstoourenduringproblems.

B.Researchisalsothechiefmeansbywhichwehumansattempttosatisfyourinsatiableappetiteforknowledge,andourcravingtounderstandourselvesandtheworldaroundus.

C.Manyresearchesmaybecontroversialandtheresultsofthemmaybringtopeoplesomeharm,afteralltheyareofgreaterbenefitintheshortorlongterm.

1）Everynewresearchbreakthroughhelpreducehumansuffering.

2）establishanewfieldofscientificresearch,

3）Others

RelatedExamples:

1）Researchofatomicenergy,

2）Researchofradioactivity:

thestartingpointforcancertreatment,forthedatingtechniquesusedonancientobjects,rocksandtheuniverse,andformolecularbiologyandmodemgenetics.

3）Copemicus'sheliocentrictheory;Galileo'sresearchinastronomy.

4）Techniqueofcloning

Thesedays,moreandmoreattentionaswellwithinvestmentarepaidtoresearch,suchasthemainscientificprojects,thetechnologicalprograms,theNationalFundsforScienceandTechnologyandthelike.Thisphenomenonindicatesthatpeoplearerealizingthatmoneyspentontheresearchisworthyandshouldberaisedasmuchaswecanafford,thatistosay,thoughtheresultsofsomeresearchesmaybesomewhatcontroversial,theinvestmentonresearchisactuallybeneficial.

Tobeginwith,asweknow,scienceandtechnologyarefragmentaltothenationaldevelopmentandsocialprogresswhosedegreesareinsomewaydeterminedorlimitedbythefundsbesidestheresearchers’level.Inthepresentworld,thedistinguisheddifferencecanbeseenbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountries.Ontheonehand,thedevelopingcountries,whosemainaimsandpursuesarefirstlysolvingthepeople’sfoodsandclothing,aresopoorthatmuchinvestmenttoresearchisimpossible,asaresult,thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyishamperedalotwhichleadsthemtosuperiortootherwealthycountries.Ontheotherhands,inthedevelopedcountries,theconsciousnessofinvestmenttoresearchisstrongerandmorepopular;meanwhile,thenationisabletooffermuchmorefundstotheexpendituresonresearchwhichinsomewayareattractivetotheresearchersespeciallythosefamousscientists.

Luckily,moreandmoregovernmentsarerealizingtheimportanceofinvestingtoresearchandhavebeguntotakewhattheycandotoimprovethecurrentsituation.TakeourcountryChinaasexample,inordertokeepupwiththedevelopednationsandthequicklyprogressingworld,theleaders,havingrealizedthesignificantroleofscienceandtechnology,havemadealongeffortstoincreaseournation’sscientificlevel,suchastheNationalScientificFundsincludingtheso-called863project,973projectand985project,thestrivingtoenhancetheresearchers’statusandsalarieswhicharepopularamongtheresearchersandsomeotherprogramsincludingtheSpecialBonusforInventionandsoforth.Wearehappytoseenowthatmoreandmoreprofitsareobtainedthroughoutourcountry.

Admittedly,someresearchesarealsointroducingspecialcontroversiesontheirunsureresults.Forexample,theClonetechnology,thoughitisusefulinsomescientificarea,isnotwelcomedbyeveryonefromthebeginning.Someareworriedthatthefinalconsequenceofthistechnologyisdestroyingorevenvitaltopeople’slivingandthesociety.Tothiskindsofnot-all-popularresearch,whethergovernmentshouldtrytoinvestalotisunderdiscussion,butthesearespecialandrare,whichdon’tdiscredittheassertionthatgovernmentshouldworkouttoinvest.

Inshort,researchisimportanttodevelopmentofnationandthewholesociety,inturn,fundsareimportanttodealingwithresearch,whichmeansthat,mostgovernments,whetherpoororrich,shouldpaymuchattentiontotheinvestmenttoscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.

Anotherone

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,wearenowliveinbetterlifethanourancestors.Weknowmoreaboutoursurroundingandcanhandlethingsinmoreeffectiveway.Itistruethatthenewfindingofresearchindeedplayinimportantpartinthischange,themoremoneyisspentontheresearch,themoreadvancedtheapparatusestherewillbe,andhencethemoreprobabilityofacquiringnewfindings.

But,whethermoneyspentonresearchisagoodinvestmentornotshoulddependsontheeffectsofthenewfindingoftheresearch,whetherithasbroughtconveniencetolifeornotandisbeneficialtotheprogressofsociety,thosewhoholdthatmoneyspentonresearchisalmostalwaysagoodinvestmentwhiledon’ttaketheresultsofthatresearchisfalse.

Manynewfindingsoftheresearchdoplayanessentialpartinthedevelopmentofsociety,wereitnotforthesenewfindingswemaystillliveinlifenotveryfarfromthepast（withouttheinnovationsfoundinresearch,peoplemaystilllivealifewhichismoreorlessthesamewiththatinthepast.）.Ontheonehand,withtheuseofnewnavigationalmeansobservationalapparatus,peoplecannowobservemanyof（numerous）theobjectsincosmosandevengotosomeofthese（unknownstarsevenbeyondone’simaginationbefore）stars.Andhenceknewmoreabout（suchas）theoriginofcosmos,allofwhichareunimaginableforourancestors.Ontheotherhand,thefindingofnewparticles,suchas,molecules,atoms,kuaka,etc.peoplenowknowmoreabouttheobject（substances）aroundus,andhaveagood（better）controlofthem.Asweallknow,theseworks（jobs）aregenerallyhardandneedmoreadvancedresearchapparatus,andhence（therefore）needtoinvestmoneyonthem.（therefore,itisnecessaryformoneybeinginvestedonresearch.）

However,althoughresearchneedsthemoneythatisinvestedonthem（needssubsidies）,itdoesnotfollowthatmoneyspentonresearchisalmostalwaysagoodinvestment.Whetherthemoneyinvestedonresearchisagoodinvestmentornotdependsontheeffectsoftheresearch.Whentheresearchisbasedonaevilgoalandmayimpedethedevelopmentofthesociety,suchas,thehorroractivitythatmanycountriesarenowconfronted,itaimsatdestroyingtheproperorderofsociety,ifsomeoneinvestsmoneyonthis,towhatextent,willyouagreeonit.Inaddition,toevaluatethevalueoftheresearchmustalsotakeintoconsiderationofotherfactors.forinstance,manycountrieshaveforbiddentheapplyingofcloningtechnologytohumanforthereasonofthemoralfactors?

Inconclusion,tobetterevaluatethemoneyspentonresearchweshouldtakeinconsiderationofthegoaloftheresearchandmanyotherfactors,onlywhenalltheseareconsideredcantheresearchbetermedasagoodinvestment.

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40"Scholarsandresearchersshouldnotbeconcernedwithwhethertheirworkmakesacontributiontothelargersociety.Itismoreimportantthattheypursuetheirindividualinterests,howeverunusualoridiosyncraticthoseinterestsmayseem."

Providedthattheresultsoftheirresearchdonoharmtothelargersociety,scientistsshouldenjoyacademicfreedomintheirpursuitoftruthortheirindividualinterests.

A.Thereisnoneedtostressthedirectsocialsignificanceinthefieldoftheoreticalscientificresearch.

B.Manyscientistsinhistorymadesignificantcontributionstosocietybysimplypursuingindividualinterestsorbyseekingtruthoutofcuriosity.

C.Inanagewhensciencehasadeepeningimpactuponeveryaspectofthelargersociety,itisimperativethatscientistsconcernthemselveswiththesocialresultsoftheirdiscoveriesandinventions.

Despiteassortedeffusionstothecontrary,Iinsistthatitisofsignificanceforscholarsandresearcherstobeconcernedwithwhethertheirworkmakesacontributiontothelargersociety,whichgoeswithoutsayingandunderthissituationtheycanpursuetheirindividualinterestswhichmaybemorehelpfulforoursociety.letusgetdownacase-by-caseanalysistodemonstratemyopinion.

Intheperspectiveofsociety,theeffectsofscholarsandresearchersaretherudimentalelementsofoursociety’sdevelopmentandwhattheyhavedoneareentirelyrelativetooursocietyanditspeople.Withouttheendeavorofthewholelifeofscholars,noonewouldwanderinwhichkindofsocietyandlivingconditionweare.Thusconsideringwhethertheirinventionsordiscoveriescontributetothesocietyistheirresponsibilitywhichcannotbeavoided.Theirresearchingtheprojectfromwhichoursocietyanditspeoplemaynotbenefitonlydependingontheirowninterestswillcauseaseriesofunimaginableeffects.Sotospeak,theymayconcentrateontheirprojectwithneglectingthepossibilityoftheprojectputintopracticefortheenvironmentaldevastationandozonedepletion,socialcustomandethics,orpeaceandstabilityofourplanet.Hereisvividexampleinourmodernlife,cloning,thetermsthatmaybeunfamiliarwithamajorityofpeopledecadeyearsago,areillicittomakeuseoftheideaofthereplicationofhumanbeingsbysomescientistswhomaybebasedontheirindividualinterests.Nevertheless,youshouldimaginethatoncetheycontrivetothis,whataembarrassconditionwewillconfrontandhowimpactwilltakeplacewithourethics.Asaconsequence,scholarsandresearchers,howeveroutofourintensiveindividualinterests,shouldbecarefultoengageinaprojectwhichwillcauseaunknowableconclusion.Onlywiththeconcerntowardsthecontributiontooursocietyandhumanbeings,dotheygainthereverencefromthepeoplewhoisjudiciousandconscient