英语常用语法术语表.docx
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英语常用语法术语表
常用语法术语表
semantic:
adjmeaninginlanguage语义的；semantics语义学
pragmaticsn.thestudyofthewaywordsandphrasesareusedinconversationtoexpressmeanings,feelings,andideaswhicharesometimesdifferentfromtheactualmeaningofthewordsused语用学
complexsentence:
Acomplexsentenceisasentenceformedbytwoormoreclausesconnectedbythesubordinateconjunctions.复合句
compoundsentence:
Acompoundsentenceisasentencesmadeupofmorethantwoclausesconnectedbycoordinateconjunctions.并列句
Ⅰ.Morphology：
thestudyofthemorphemesofalanguage,andofthewayinwhichtheyarejoinedtogethertomakewords词法
morpheme:
thesmallestmeaningfulunitinalanguage,consistingofawordorpartofawordthatcannotbedividedwithoutlosingitsmeaning词素（语言中最小的意义单位）
morphologicaladj
syntax
1.（therulesofgrammarwhichareusedfororderingandconnectingwordstoformphrasesorsentences）句法
2.theruleswhichdescribehowwordsandphrasesareusedinacomputerlanguage（电子计算机语言中使用的）句法规则、语法
syntacticadjconcerningorobeyingtherulesofsyntax句法的，符合句法规则的
3.Notional（havinganactualmeaninginasentence）Words实意词
4.FormWords虚词
5.TheNoun名词
6.ThePronoun代词
7.TheNumeral数词
8.TheAdjective形容词
9.TheVerb动词
10.transitiveadj（动词）及物的
11.intransitiveadj不及物的
12.ThePreposition介词
13.TheAdverb副词
14.TheArticle冠词
15.TheDeterminer:
Ingrammar,adeterminerisawordwhichisusedatthebeginningofanoungrouptoindicate,forexample,whichthingyouarereferringtoorwhetheryouarereferringtoonethingorseveral.CommonEnglishdeterminersare“a,”“the,”“some,”“this,”and“each,”限定词
16.ThePreposition介词
17.TheConjunction连词
18.CoordinatingConjunctions并列连词
19.SubordinatingConjunctions从属连词
20.Correlative（相关的；关联词）Conjunctions关联词
Thecorrelativeconjunctionsareusedinpairs.Thecorrelativeconjunctionsare:
both...and,either...or,neither...nor,notonly....butalso,whether...or...
21.TheInterjection感叹词
22.TheParticle：
anyofanumberofusu.shortwordsthatarenotasimportantinasentenceasthesubject,verb,etc小品词；质词；虚词
23.WordBuilding构词法
24.Conversion转化；转变；转换；
25.Derivation:
thepointororiginfromwhichsomethingcomes派生
i.e.Whatisthederivationofthisword?
这个词的词源是什么？
26.Derivative
1）n.somethingthatisbasedonorformedfromsthelseofthesametype派生物；衍生物i.e.
FrenchisaderivativeofLatin法语是从拉丁语派生出来的
2）adj（贬）无创造性的，无新意的，模仿他人的
derive:
1）衍生；来自；起源于
Theword“deride”derivesfromLatin.来源于拉丁语
2）derivesthfromsth/sb获得
27.Compounding（Composition）合成
28.affix:
agroupoflettersorsoundsaddedtothebeginningofaword（prefix）ortotheendofaword（suffix）tochangeitsmeaningoritsuse词缀
Ⅱ.ClassificationofNouns名词的分类
1.CommonNouns普通名词
2.ProperNouns专有名词
3.IndividualNouns个体名词
4.CollectiveNouns集体名词
5.MaterialNouns物质名词
6.AbstractNouns抽象名词
7.CountableNouns可数名词
8.UncountableNouns不可数名词
9.TheSingularForm单数形式
10.ThePluralForm复数形式
11.TheCommonCase普通格
12.ThePossessiveCase所有格
13.Gender性
14.TheDefiniteArticle定冠词
15.TheIndefiniteArticle不定代词
16.PersonalPronouns人称代词
17.PossessivePronouns物主代词
18.SelfPronouns自身代词
19.DemonstrativePronouns指示代词
20.InterrogativePronouns疑问代词
21.ConjunctivePronouns连接代词
22.RelativePronouns关系代词
23.Reciprocal（相互的）Pronouns相互代词
24.IndefinitePronouns不定代词
25.TheAbsoluteFormsofPossessivePronouns物主代词的绝对形式
26.TheSubjectiveCase主格
27.TheObjectiveCase宾格
28.Cardinal（基数）Numerals基数词
29.Ordinal（序数）Numerals序数词
30.FractionalNumerals分数词
31.DegreesofComparison比较的级别
32.TheComparativeDegree比较级
33.TheSuperlativeDegree最高级
ⅢNotionalVerbs实意动词
1.Link-verbs系动词
2.Auxiliary/Auxiliary（辅助的）Verbs助动词
3.ModalVerbs/Modal/ModalAuxiliary情态动词
4.TransitiveVerbs及物动词
5.IntransitiveVerbs不及物动词
6.RegularVerbs规则动词
7.IrregularVerbs
8.PhrasalVerbs成语动词
9.DelexicalVerbs蓄意动词
10.DitransitiveVerbs双宾动词
11.StativeVerbs静态动词
12.InstantaneousVerbs短暂动词
13.ErgativeVerbs兼作及物及不及物动词的动词
14.TheFiniteFormsoftheVerb动词的限定形式
15.Person人称
16.Number数
17.Tense时态
18.Voice语态
19.Mood语气
20.TheNon-finiteFormsoftheVerb动词的非限定形式
21.ThePrincipalFormsoftheVerb动词的主要形式
22.ThePresentForms现在式
23.ThePastForms过去式
24.TheParticiple分词
25.ThePresentParticiple现在分词
26.ThePastParticiple过去分词
27.TheInfinitive不定式
28.BareInfinitive光秃不定式
29.TheGerund动名词
30.TheVerbalNoun名词化得动名词
31.Contractions动词的紧缩形式
Ⅳ
1）ThePresentIndefinite一般现在时
2）ThePastIndefinite一般过去时
3）TheFutureIndefinite一般将来时
4）ThePastFutureIndefinite一般过去将来时
5）ThePresentContinuous现在进行时
6）TheFutureContinuous将来进行时
7）ThePastContinuous过去进行时
8）ThePastFutureContinuous过去将来进行时
9）ThePresentPerfect现在完成时
10）ThePastPerfect过去完成时
11）TheFuturePerfect将来完成时
12）ThePastFuturePerfect过去将来完成时
13）ThePresentPerfectContinuous现在完成进行时
14）ThePastPerfectContinuous过去完成进行时
15）TheFuturePerfectContinuous将来完成进行时
16）ThePastFuturePerfectContinuous过去将来完成进行时
ⅤTheSequenceofTense时态的呼应
1）ThePassiveVoice被动语态
2）TheActiveVoice主动语态
3）TheIndicativeMood陈述语气
4）TheImperative/TheImperativeMood祈使语气
5）TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气
6）SentencesofRealCondition真实条件句
7）SentencesofUnrealCondition虚拟条件句
8）ConditionalSentencesofMixedTime错综时间条件句
9）SentencesofImpliedCondition含蓄条件句
Ⅵ
1）AdverbsofTime时间副词
2）AdverbsofPlace地点副词
3）AdverbsofManner方式副词
4）AdverbsofDegree程度副词
5）AdverbsofFrequency频度副词
6）RelativeAdverbs关系副词
7）ConjunctiveAdverbs连接副词
8）InterrogativeAdverbs疑问副词
9）CoordinatingConjunctions并列连词
10）SubordinatingConjunctions从属连词
Ⅶ
1）Thesentence句子
2）MembersoftheSentence句子的成分
3）TheSubject主语
4）PreparatorySubject先行主语
5）ThePredicate谓语
6）ThePredicative表语
7）TheObject宾语
8）RetainedObject保留宾语
9）TheAttribute定语
10）TheAdverbial（Modifier）状语
11.TheAppositive同位语
12.IndependenceElements独立成分
13.DeclarativeSentences陈述句
14.ImperativeSentences祈使句
15.ExclamatorySentences感叹句
16.InterrogativeSentences疑问句
17.GeneralQuestions一般问句
18.SpecialQuestions特殊问句
19.AlternativeQuestions选择问句
20.Disjunctive（反意连接词；反意的）Questions反意问句
21.SimpleSentences简单句
22.CompoundSentences并列句
23.ComplexSentences复合句
例如：
“ifitrains,iwon’tgo”.Ifitrains是subordinateclause;iwon’tgo是mainclause
24.CompoundComplexSentences并列复合句
One-memberSentences单部句
Two-memberSentences双部句
Elliptical（ellipsis省略）Sentences
CleftSentences分裂句
ThesimplePredicate简单谓语
ThecompoundPredicate复合谓语
25.TheCompoundVerbalPredicate表行为的复合谓语
26.TheCompoundNominal（名词性的，作名词用的）Predicate表性状的复合谓语
27.TheDirectObject直接宾语
28.TheIndirectObject间接宾语
29.TheComplexObject复合宾语
30.TheCognate（同源的；同祖先的，同宗的）Object同源宾语
31.DirectAddress呼语
32.Parenthesis（=bracket圆括号；或指圆括号内的插入语）插入语
33.DirectSpeech直接引语
34.IndirectSpeech间接引语
35.AbsoluteConstructions独立结构
36.Phrases短语
37.ParticipialPhrases分词短语
38.PrepositionalPhrases介词短语
39.InfinitivePhrases不定式短语
40.VerbPhrases动词短语
41.Phrasalverbs成语动词
42.Clauses从句（分句）
43.MainClause主句
44.SubordinateClauses从句
45.ObjectiveClauses宾语从句
46.SubjectClauses主语从句
47.PredicativeClauses表语从句
48.AttributiveClauses定语从句
49.AppositiveClauses同位语从句
50.AdverbialClauses状语从句
51.AdverbialClausesofTime时间状语从句
52.AdverbialClausesofPlace地点状语从句
53.AdverbialClausesofCause原因状语从句
54.AdverbialClausesofCondition条件状语从句
55.AdverbialClausesofDegree/result程度（结果）状语从句
56.AdverbialClausesofConcession让步状语从句
57.AdverbialClausesofPurpose目的状语从句
58.AdverbialClausesofComparison比较状语从句
59.AdverbialClausesofManner方式状语从句
60.DefiningAttributiveClauses/RelativeClause限制性定语从句
61Non-DefiningAttributiveClauses/Non-RelativeClause非限制性定语从句
62.LimitingAttributes限制性定语
63.DescriptiveAttributes描绘性定语
64.NaturalWord-order自然语序
65.InvertedWord-order倒装语序
66.Inversion倒装
67.FullInversion完全倒装
68.PartialInversion部分倒装
69.Ellipsis省略
70.Substitution替代
71.TransformationofSentences句型转换
72.AnalysisofSentences句子分析
ⅧPunctuation标点符号
1.Period（FullStop）句号
2.QuestionMark问号
3.ExclamationMark感叹号
4.Comma逗号
5.Semicolon分号
6.Colon冒号
7.Dash破折号
8.Hyphen连字号
9.Brackets/Parenthesis圆括号
10.QuotationMarks引号
11.Apostrophe撇号
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