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英国文学史资料
英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorks
I.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges
贝奥武夫:
thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons
Epic:
longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.
e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdyssey
GeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?
)~1400
(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(综合的,广泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)
A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGower
writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
①坎特伯雷故事集:
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③声誉之宫
MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance(传奇故事)
Famousthree:
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
IITheRenaissancePeriod
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
aculturalmovementthatspannedroughlythe14thtothe16thcentury,beginninginItalyinthelateMiddleAgesandlaterspreadingtotherestofEurope.Itisarevivalofclassical(GreekandRoman)artsandsciences.
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
)Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?
(B)
A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteria
C.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody
①仙后(forQueenElizabeth)
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.
Artisticfeatures:
UsingSpenserianStanza
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.
②牧人日历
ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.
③爱情小唱
2.ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists
①乌托邦
3.FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
(哲学家、散文家;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
)
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
①学术的推进
②随笔(famousquotas:
)
ThethemeofOfStudies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
4.BenJonson
①
5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama(完善了无韵体诗。
)
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
14.Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)
A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestina
C.terzarimaD.blankverse
①浮士德博士的悲剧(根据德国民间故事书写成)
②帖木耳大帝
③马耳他的犹太人
6.WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
①Historicalplays:
HenryVI;
②FourComedies:
皆大欢喜;无事生非;仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人
③FourTragedies:
哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154(37plays,2narrativepoens,154sonnets)
Threequatrainandonecouplet,abab,cdcd,efef,gg.
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
IIIThe17thCentury
1.JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
)
①Epics:
失乐园
复乐园
②Dramaticpoem:
力士参孙
③论出版自由
为英国人民声辩
④我的失明
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.
2.JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
)
Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)
①ReligionaryAllegory:
天路历程
3.JohnDonne多恩
theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).
MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗)thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题:
love,religious,thought)
Artisticfeatures:
conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻
syllogism三段论
①Meditations沉思录
TheFlea虱子
②SongsAndSonnets
HolySonnets
③Valediction:
IVThe18thCentury:
Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架,并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起,与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。
Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy
TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)
小说崛起:
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)
Gothicnovel(哥特式小说):
mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)
1.AlexanderPope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
(18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
)
AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment,PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland....
Eg.AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlightenment,whowasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland?
(C)
A.JohnBunyanB.DanielDefoeC.AlexanderPopeD.JonathanSwift
①批评论
Artisticfeatures:
1.Using“heroiccouplets”
②卷发遇劫记
③道德论
人论
愚人记
2.SamuelJohnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary=英语大词典
3.JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。
)
①格列佛游记(fictionalwork)
Fourparts:
Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛
一个小小的建议
②书战
③木桶的故事
④一个麻布商的书信
4.DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
)
Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
①鲁宾逊漂流记
ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.
Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.
②
③
④
5.HenryFielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父”。
)
Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
①novels:
弃婴汤姆•琼斯
约瑟夫•安德鲁
大诗人江奈生•威尔德
爱米利亚
②plays:
一七三六年历史记事
堂吉柯德在英国
6.OliverGoldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
①poems:
旅游人荒村
②novel:
威克菲尔德牧师传7.RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816
①情敌②造谣学校
8.WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
①天真之歌
Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.
②经验之歌
Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.
Include:
Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity
Tygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence
③天堂与地狱的婚姻
9.RobertBurns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.
PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①约翰•安德生,我的爱人
②一朵红红的玫瑰
③往昔时光
④不管那一套
⑤我的心在那高原上
⑥
⑦
VTheRomanticPeriod
Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.
Romanticism:
Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.
TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).
“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人,wholivedinthelakedistrict.
WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey
1.WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
①抒情歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)
②
Theme:
1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”
2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.
Comment:
Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereader