英语时态总结大全English tenses summary.docx

英语时态总结大全English tenses summary.docx

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英语时态总结大全Englishtensessummary

英语时态总结大全（Englishtensessummary）

TherearesixteentensesinEnglish

（1）generalpresenttense;

Basicform（takedoasanexample）:

thirdpersonsingular:

does（subjecttononthirdpersonsingular）;

Affirmation:

subject+verb,prototype+other;

Heworksforus.

Theboys'DonT/doesn'tverbs+other;

He,doesn't,work,for,us.

Generalquestions:

Do/Doessubject+Verb+other.

Yes:

Yes（+Do/doessubject）.

Answer:

No（+/Don't/doesn't.）

Whquestions:

interrogativewords+generalquestions

Does,he,work,for,us?

Yes,he,does.

No,he,doesn't

What,does,he,do,for,us?

Heworksforus.

（2）generalpasttense

Thepasttenseofbeverb+actionverb

Negativesentence:

adddidn"tinactionbeforetheverb,whilereducingverbs,orwas/Werenot;

Put"was"or"were"atthebeginningofthesentence;askquestionsinthepasttenseoftheauxiliaryverb"do",andatthesametimerestorethebehavioralverb"did"

Forexample:

Did,he,work,for,us?

He,didn't,work,for,us.

Heworkedforus.

（3）generalfuturetense;

Am/are/IsgoingorTodo

Will/Shalldo

Am/is/are/aboutto+do

Am/is/areto+do;

Generalexpressionoffuturetense

Be,going,to+verbprototype

Be+infinitiveverbs,beto+,beaboutprototypeto+verb

Be,able,to+infinitive

Be,about,to+verbprototype

Will+verbprototype;

Forexample:

He,is,going,to,work,for,us.

He,will,work,for,us;

Heiscoming.,whichisaspecialexampleofusingthepresenttensetoexpressfuturetense!

!

（4）pastfuturetense;

Be（was,were）goingto+verbprototype

Be（was,were）aboutto+verbprototype

Be（was,were）to+verbprototype

Affirmativesentence:

subject+be（was,were）goingto+verbprototype~!

Subject+be（was,were）,not,going,to+,verbprototype~

Interrogativesentence:

Be（Was,Were）+subject+goingto+verbprototype~?

Affirmation:

subject+would（should）+verbprototype~

Subject+would（should）not+verbprototype~!

Interrogativesentence:

Would（Should）+subject+verbprototype?

He,would,work,for,us.

（5）presentcontinuoustense;

Theformof+be+v.ing[presentparticiple]（whereVrepresentsverb）

Representstheactionthatisbeingperformedorwhatisbeingdonerecently.

Forexample:

I,am,buying,a,book.

Firstperson+am+doing+sth

Secondperson+are+doing+sth（doingreferstoallformsofv-ing）

Thirdperson+is+doing+sth

Example:

He,is,working.

（6）pastcontinuoustense;

Affirmation:

subject+was/were+doing+other

Subject+was/were+not+doing+other

Generalquestionsandanswers:

Was/Were+subject+doing+other;answer:

Yes,Isubject,+was/were./No,Isubject,+wasn't/weren't.

Specialquestions:

specialquestions,+was/were+subjects,+doing+,others

He,was,working,when,he,was,alive.

（7）futureprogressivetense;

Subject+will+be+presentparticiple

He,will,be,working,for,us.=He,will,work,us.,for

（8）pastfuturecontinuoustense

Should（would）+be+presentparticiple

He,said,that,he,would,working,for,us.=He,be,said,that,he,,would,work,for,us.

（9）presentperfecttense;

Thebasicstructure:

subject+have/has+pastparticiple（done）

Affirmationsentence:

subject+have/has+pastparticiple+other

Negation:

subject+have/has+not+pastparticiple+other

Generalquestions:

Have/Has+subject+pastparticiple+other

Specialinterrogativesentence:

specialinterrogativeword+generalinterrogativesentence（have/has+subject+pastparticiple+other\

He,has,worked,for,US,for,ten,years.

Has,he,worked,for,US,for,ten,years.

（10）pastperfecttense

Thebasicstructure:

subject+had+pastparticiple（done）

Affirmationsentence:

subject+had+pastparticiple+other

Negation:

subject+had+not+pastparticiple+other

Generalquestions:

Had+subject+pastparticiple+other

Affirmativeanswer:

Yes,subject+had

Negativeanswer:

No,subject+hadn't

Specialinterrogativesentence:

specialinterrogativeword+generalinterrogativesentence（had+subject+pastparticiple+other）

Syntaxdecision:

（1）by+pastpointoftime.Suchas:

I,had,finished,reading,the,novel,by,nine,,o'clock,last,night.

（2）by,the,end,of+pastpointoftime.Suchas:

We,had,learnt,over,two,thousand,English,words,by,the,,end,of,last,term.

（3）before+pastpointoftime.Suchas:

They,had,planted,six,hundred,trees,before,last,Wednesday.

（11）futureperfecttense

（shall）will+have+verbpastparticiple

Before+futuretimeorby+futuretime

Beforeorbythetimeguidesthepresenttenseclause

He,will,have,worked,for,us.=He,will,work,us.,for

（12）pastperfectfuturetense;

Should/wouldhavedonesth.

He,said,that,he,would,worked,for,us.=He,have,said,that,he,,would,work,for,us.

（13）thepresentperfectprogressivetense

Basicallythesameasthepresentperfecttense,butthepresentcontinuouscompletioncanonlyindicatetheconceptthatremains

Have/has,been,+-ingparticiple

He,has,been,working,for,for,ten,years.=He,US,has,worked,for,,US,for,ten,years.

（14）pastperfectcontinuoustense;

Had,been,+-ingparticiple

He,said,that,he,been,working,for,US,for,ten,years.=He,said,that,he,had,,worked,for,had,US,for,years.,ten

（15）futureperfectcontinuoustense;

Subject+shall/will,have,been,doing

He,will,have,been,working,for,us.=He,will,,work,for,us.

Hehasbeenworkingforusrecently（inthepast,nowatwork,andinthefuture）

（16）pastfutureperfectprogressivetense

Thepresentparticipleoftheshould+havebeen+isusedinthefirstperson

Wouldhavebeen+presentparticiplesforotherpeople

He,said,that,he,would,been,working,for,us.=He,have,said,that,he,,would,work,for,us.

Giveanexample：

Thereare12maintensesinEnglish.Theycomefromthethreetense（past,present,future）

Now,inIlisten,forexample,thereare12majortensesinEnglishasfollows:

Generalpresenttense:

Ilisten

Presentcontinuous:

I,am,listening

Pastcontinuoustense:

I,was,listening

Presentfinish:

I,have,listened

Nowcompleteprogress:

I,have,been,listening

Generalfuturetense:

I,shall,listen,or"Iwilllisten.""

Futureprogressive:

I,shall,be,listening

Thepasttense:

Ilistened

Pastperfecttense:

I,had,listened

Pastperfectcontinuous:

I,had,been,listening

Futureperfect:

I,shall,have,listened

Futureperfectprogressive:

I,shall,have,been,listening

ThegenitivedoesnotexistinEnglish

Acommonmisconceptionisthatoneendin"'s"saidthegenitiveexistsonlyinenglish.However,linguistshaveshownthatEnglishgenitiveisnotalattice,butanindependentwordandapartinwritingandpronunciationarenotaword,itcanhavethefollowingsentence:

TheKingofSparta'swifethatwascalledHelen.（KingofSparta'swifewascalledHelen.）If"'s"isthegenitive,thenthe"wife"（wife）belongstothe"Spartan"（Sparta）,but"'s"isnotonlythat"Spartan"（Sparta）,butsaidthe"kingofSparta"（KingofSparta）.

ThisexampledoesnotshowthatdonothavetheirowngenitiveEnglish;butnowithasbecomeanotherform.InOldEnglish,thegenitiveformisbanesban.Later,inmodernEnglish,thisdevelopedinto"bone's"using"'s"".IneighteenthCentury,people'sexplanationistheellipsisinsteadofagenitivepronoun,asin"theKing'shorse"King"the,

"Hishorse"abbreviation.Butthisexplanationisincorrect.MoreandmorepeoplebelievethatistheellipsisinsteadofOldEnglishe".

Englishanddative"

InmodernEnglish,andisnolongerapartoftheEnglishgrammar,itonlyappearsinsomeexpressionsin.Agoodexampleistheword"methinks"（asIseeit）.ThechangefromtheOldEnglishdativeformitssource:

me（dativepronoun（+thinks）toseem,andtothinkisveryclosetotheverbphraseofaphrase）.ThedativeinEnglishprepositionscannot,asin"Hebuiltmeasnowman.".Inthisexample,"me"isthedative.

ThepassivevoiceshouldnotbeusedasatenseinEnglish

InsomeEnglishtextbooks,thepassivevoiceisregardedasatensebecauseoftheeditor'sownunderstandingofthepassivevoiceorotherreasons,butinfact,thepassivevoiceisavoiceandcannotbeusedastense.Thisisacommonsenseinbritain.Therefore,intheUK,ifsomeonemadethismistake,itislaughable.