专升本单词讲解130个.docx
《专升本单词讲解130个.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专升本单词讲解130个.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
专升本单词讲解130个
1.able,enable,capable,beabletodo,ability,havetheabilitytodo能够做某事
(1)ablea.能干的(beabletodosth):
例:
Youshouldbeabletofindsomethingyoulikethere.
(2)enableVt.使能够,使能够成为,授予权利或方法:
enable+宾语,enablesbtodosth
例:
Amajorityvoteenabledthepassageofresolution.(多人投票赞成使议案得以通过)
Thisticketenabledmetotravelhalf-priceontrains.
(3)capablea.有能力的,有技能的,足以胜任的:
becapableof,一般与able有关的词语都与to搭配使用,而在这里需要与of搭配
例:
Heiscapableofdrawingoilpainting.
讲到这里要提一下hold:
Vt.握住,支撑,举起:
Heheldaknifeinhishand.
拥有,持有:
Heholdsmuchpropertyinthetown.
包纳,包含:
Theboxcanholdallmyclothes.
持有(见解等):
Sheholdsthesameview.
n.holdof/on/over
例:
He’sgotagoodholdof(掌握,支配)hissubject.(和becapableof同意)
(4)abilityn.能力
例:
Hisabilityislimited.
Hehastheabilitytomakeverygoodboat.
Hehasnoabilitytomakeverygoodboat.
Beyondone’sability
2.absenta.
(1)缺席的:
Thebosswasabsentfortoday’smeeting.
(2)缺乏的:
Snowisabsentinsomecountries.
(3)心不在焉的:
Helistenedwithanabsentair.
absencen.
(1)缺席,不在的时候:
Shecalledinyourabsence.
(2)不在场的次数或时间:
Hisconstantabsencesfromworkmadehisbossveryangry.
(3)缺乏,不存在:
Themajorprobleminthisareaistheabsenceofwater.
beabsentfrom…缺席,不在beabsent-mindeda.心不在焉的
beconcentratedon
3.abroadadv.
(1)在国外,到国外:
goabroad,studyabroad
(2)到处,广泛流传:
Thenewssoonspreadabroad.
(3)在户外,室外:
Theyoungpeoplewerestillabroadatthedeadofnight(深更半夜).
形近词:
boardOnboard在甲板上,在船上,在听力中经常用作登机,登船的意思,后面翻译练习二的3题
4.access
n.
(1)入口,门路,途径,方法:
Thereisnoaccesstothestreet.
(2)接近(取得)。
。
。
的方法(权利等),接近(享用的)机会:
例:
Youcaneasilygetaccesstoher.
(4)“Access”“便捷”信用卡,存取卡(英国和欧洲的信用卡)
Vt.
(1)调用,存取(计算机文件):
例:
Thisscientistaccessedenormousdifferentfilestofindthecorrectinformation.
(2)到达,接近,利用:
Bankcustomerscanaccesstheircheckingaccountsthroughtheelectronicsystem.
a.【电视】向公众开放的
一个常考短语:
haveaccessto使用,接近,可以利用,其中to为介词:
例:
Theminershavenoaccesstodrillingtheoil.
5.absorb
Vt.
(1)吸收(液体,气体,光,热,能等)
例:
Thespongeabsorbedwaterquickly.
(2)把。
。
并入,同化,吞并:
例:
TheyabsorbedagreatdealofChineseculture.
(4)吸引。
。
的注意力,使全神贯注:
例:
Internationalaffairsabsorbedhisattention.(他专心研究国际问题)
(5)理解,掌握
(6)支付:
Thiscompanywillabsorballthecosts.
Beabsorbedin沉湎于,沉浸于,全神贯注于
同义词组:
Beengrossedin热衷于(全神贯注于):
Theyareengrossedinthepursuitoffameandmoney.
他们热衷于追求名利.
Beimmersedin沉浸在,埋头于,专心于:
Thewholecitywasimmersedinafestivalatmosphere.
Hewasimmersedindebts/difficulties.
Don’tbeimmersedinlove.
Beaddictedto
Focuson集中于:
Educationalreformsshouldfocusonraisingthequalityofeducation.
Concentrateon集中注意力:
Wemustconcentrateourattentiononefficiency.
Payattentionto:
You’dbetterpaymoreattentiontothespellingofeveryword.
Attachimportanceto十分重视:
Theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation.
6.accept
Vt./vi.接受:
Ifyouaccept,pleaseletmeknow.
Vt.承认,同意,认为,相信:
Thepoliceacceptedhisstoryastrue.
领会:
Howisthissentencetobeaccepted?
a.acceptable可接受的
accept和receive辨析:
receive是指客观上的收到,接到,并不意味着同意接受,比如你不喜欢的人写信给你,你不想收,但是不能阻挡这封信的到来.Accept是接到的意思,于同意的主观意思在里面.
例:
Ireceivedyourapologyletter,butIdidn’tacceptit.
7.byaccident=bychance偶然地
例:
Hemadethismistakebyaccident.(他犯这个错误纯属偶然)
同义词组:
Happentodo碰巧做某事:
Ihappenedtositbybesideherinthecinema.
Runinto表示撞上,偶遇,冲进(房间):
Hiscarranintothepost.
Iranintoherattheparty.
Runacross跑着穿过:
runacrosstheyard
无意中找到/遇到:
Iranacrosshernameinthetelephonedirectory(电话簿).
8.accordingto根据(写作词汇必须会写)
例:
Youhavebeeninprisonthreetimesaccordingtoourrecords.
Pleasefillupalltheformsaccordingtotheinstruction.
accordinglyadv.
(1)照着,相应地
例:
Pleaseinformusofyourdecisionandwewillactaccordingly.
(2)因此,所以,于是:
例:
Hewastoldtospeakbriefly,heaccordinglycutshorthisremarks.
accordv.
(1)给予,赠与,授予(权利,地位,待遇)
例:
Thecommitteeaccordedscholarshiptoher.
(2)使符合,使合适,调解
9.take…intoaccount=take…intoconsideration考虑在内
accountn.(重点词汇)
(1)账户:
Themoneyhasbeentransferredintomyaccount.
(2)(特定事物或事件口头或笔头的)描述,叙述,报道
例:
Thetwoaccountsoftheaccidentdonotagree.
(3)(对某一事件的起因,理由等)解释,考虑,说明,主要用于onaccountof,takeintoaccount.
accountvi.
(accountfor重点词组)
(1)解释,说明原因,~for:
Hisabsenceaccountsforhisillness.
(2)导致,引起,~for:
Hiscarelessdrivingaccountsfortheaccident.
(3)在数量比例方面占。
。
。
,~for:
Itaccountsforabout25%ofallthetrafficaccident.
accountvt.
(1)以为,认为,把。
。
看做
例:
Weallaccountedhimasaqualifiedteacher.
(2)钻研,分析,探究,考虑:
例:
Thisreportwillbeaccountedbythecommittee.
10.accusesbofsth=chargesbwith(for)sth被起诉,指责,谴责,控告
11.beaccustomedto=beusedto习惯于做某事(to为介词)
be/getusedtosth/doingsth习惯于做某事
usedtodosth过去常常干某事,to是不定式,否定和以为一般用did来引导(现在不做了,一种对比,或者暗含对比,在听力中常常用肯定表否定,否定现在不做某事,肯定过去常常做某事):
例:
HeusedtoliveinParis.
beusedtodosth被用来干某事
例:
Fireisusedtocook.
accustom使习惯于。
。
。
例:
Youmustlearntoaccustomyourselftohardwork.
Youmustaccustomyourselftogettingupearlyeverymorning.
12.achieve:
Vt.
(1)实现,达到,完成:
Youwillachieveyourambitionifyouworkhard.
(2)取得,获得:
Theystillachievedsomevictoriesdespitethesedifficulties.
Vi.达到预期目的,如愿以偿
n.achievement
13.adapt=adjust适应,调节
adaptvt./vi.(adaptoneselfto常考短语)
(1)使适应:
Sheknewhowtoadaptherself.
(2)改写,编写:
Manybookshaveadaptedasfilms.
(3)改变。
。
以适应(for):
Manycityvehicleshavebeenadaptedforuseasschoolbuses.
(4)adaptto(适应不同的环境或情况):
Hehasn’tadaptedtotheclimate.
一般来说adapt和adjust没有太大的区别,用法基本一致,但是adapt有调节的意思。
adjust指细微的调整,特殊用法,相机调焦距
adoptvt.
(1)收养:
Manychildlesscouplesadoptchildren.
(2)采纳,采取:
Thefactorieshaveadoptedthenewestmoderntechnology.
(3)正式接受,通过:
AftergoingtoFrancehesoonadoptedtheFrenchwayoflife.
14.addto增加,加强
例:
Thislessonaddedtothevalueofthisbook.
Sincethen,thepalacehasoftenbeenaddedto(扩建),rebuiltandrepaired.
Somenewchairswereaddedtotheoffice.
add
(1)vt./vi.增加,添加:
Shetastedherorange,andthenaddedsomesugar.
(2)Vt.:
接着说:
ThenIaddedsomewordsafterhefinished.
加起来,合计,核算(常与up连用)
把。
。
包括在内,加进,插入(常与in连用):
Don’tforgettoaddinthetip.
(3)vi.
积累而成
起添加作用,增添,增加(to):
Hisillnessaddedtothefamily’stroubles.
扩大,扩建(to):
Thispalaceisaddedtofromtimetotime.
(3)n.加法运算
15.inaddition(to)=besides
(1)inadditionto整个词组相当于一个介词,后面要接宾语:
例:
Inadditiontonativeplants,thisgardencontainsnumeroustreesandflowersfromoversea
(2)inadditionto后面可以接句子,而besides后面不可以:
例:
InadditiontowhatIhavedescribedforyou,youcanlookatothermaterials.
Besides,IwouldlikeyoutoknowthatIwillbelatefornextmeeting.
(4)inaddition相当于是个副词,通常放在从句的句首,后面接完整地句子:
例:
Thisgardenhasthebestcollectionofnativeplants.Inaddition,itcontainsnumeroustreesandflowersfromoverseas.
许多词可以和他替换,比如:
additionally,furthermore,besides
与except,but,exceptfor,apartfrom同义词辨析:
(1)apartfrom是复合介词,一般放在句首,有“排除,例外”的含义:
例:
Thechildhardlyseesanyone,apartfromhisparents.
apartfrom有”包括,补充”的含义:
Apartfrombeingfunandgoodexercise,swimmingisaverygoodskill.
(2)except也表示“除。
。
。
以外”,一般放在句中,不放在句首,若放在句首,我们用exceptfor.Except常与all,every,no,none,nothing等含有整体肯定或否定的词连用.
例:
Allofthemwenttoclimbthemountainexceptme.
(3)but常与except互换,强调“不在其中”.
例:
EveryoneattendedthemeetingbutMary.
16.adequate=enough足够的,充足的
adequatea.(强调刚刚好)
(1)充分的,足够的:
Therewasadequaterainandsnowlastwinter.
(2)适当的,能胜任的:
Thoughabitold,heisstilladequatetothework.
(3)差强人意的
Enough(强调除了够用,还有剩余的)
(1)adv.足够地,充足地,相当:
Heplayswellenoughasabeginner.
(2)a.充足的,很,十分:
100Yuanisenoughforyourexpenses.
Enough>sufficient(较正式)>adequate
17.admit
Vt.
(1)允许:
Theticketadmitstwopersons.
(2)admitdoingsth:
Sheadmittedhavingdonewrong.
(3)能容下,装得下
Vi.
(1)门开往,通往(to):
Thisdooradmitstotheyard.
(2)容许,容得,给予机会(of):
Theregulationsadmitofnoexception.规章不容破例。
n.admission
Beadmittedby/into:
IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIwasadmittedintotheparty.
18.inadvance
(1)在前面:
Sheisinadvancethroughouttherace.
(2)事先,预先:
Everythingwasfixedinadvance.
advancevt.
(1)提前:
Theyadvancedthetimeofthemeeting.
(2)预付,贷(款项等):
Iadvancedabout200Yuanonthisbook.
(3)增加,增长(费用)
(4)把(钟,表)拨快:
Wehavetoadvanceonehourifwewanttocatchthebusontime.
(5)推动,助长,加速进程
advancevi.
(1)(知识,技术)发展
(2)(价格,成本)上涨
(3)(数量等)增加,(价值)提高
(4)提出
advancen.
(1)前进,发展,进步:
Nothingcanstoptheadvanceofthesoldiers.
(2)增长,增高:
Therehasbeennoadvanceofthepriceofthericeformanyyears.
(3)借款,预付款:
ThefactorygavemeanadvancesothatIcanbuysomenecessities.
advancea.
(1)预先的,在前的:
Theyhavegotadvanceinformationofthestorm’sapproach.
(2)做宣传用的
(3)在一般水平上的,超越他人的
advanceda.
(1)超前的:
Ideasareadvanced.
(2)高级的:
advancedcourseinEnglish.
(3)(发展)晚期的,后期的
红色标出的部分是专升本考试中用到的词汇,另外讲解同义词组:
priorto;aheadoftime/schedule
priorto是副词短语,表示“优先于…”:
Ithappenedpriortomyarrival.
Allthearrangementshouldhavebeencompletedpriortoourdeparture.
aheadoftime/schedule提前:
Theyfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
19.takeadvantageof=makeuseof充分利用
takeadvantageof:
(1)利用:
Hetookadvantageofthegoodweathertogoforawalk.
(2)占便宜:
Hehasalwaystakenadvantageofme.
makeuseof表示单纯的利用
例:
Weshouldmakegooduseofourtime.
另外takeadvantageof=benefitfrom常考的一个词义
swot
20.affect(v.),effect(n.),influence(v.&n.),effort
(1)affect和effect均可以表示“影响”,affect是及物动词,表示一时的影响,着重强调影响的动作,其影响可好可坏。
effect是名词(可数或者不可数),表示“影响和效果”,两者的关系大致为:
affect=haveaneffect/influenceon.
例:
Thisbadnewsdidn’taffectheratall.=Thisbadn