推荐精品北京工业大学考博英语真题词汇复习方法之通过阅读学词汇.docx

推荐精品北京工业大学考博英语真题词汇复习方法之通过阅读学词汇.docx

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北京工业大学考博英语真题词汇复习方法之通过阅读学词汇

UnitSeven

OnAmbition

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsof

ambition-wealth,distinction,controloverone，sdestiny-mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition5sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared:

anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition-ifnotalwaystheirownthanthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped-withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnotthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs-thelocations,placemanesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilynadopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:

thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.z，Xuyaoquanguogedayuanxiaokaoboyingyuzhentishijuanqingjiaqq：

qiqierliuqibawusanqi,huoerbajiulinglingliusisanwuyi.yekeyibodaquanguomianfeizixundianhua:

silinglingliuliubaliujiuqibaxiangshoukaobofudaotiyan.

Theattasksinambitionaremanyandcomefromvarionsangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:

ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.

destinyn.1.命运2.定数，天命

destineda.1.命中注定,预定的2.以...为目的地的

deemvt.认为,视为

hypocrisyn.伪善，虚伪

locationn.1.位置,场所2.外景拍摄地

localityn.地区，地点

situateda.位于...的，坐落在...的

spectaclen.1.演出，场面2.景象，壮观3.［-s］眼镜

amplea.1.足够的2.宽敞的，面积大的

amplifyvt.1.放大，增强2.扩大，详述

exceptionala.1.优越的，杰出的2.例外的，独特的

［联想词］

abnormala.反常的，异常的

queera.1.奇怪的，异常的2.不舒服的，眩晕的

ambitiousa.1.有抱负的，雄心勃勃的2.有野心的

［联想词］

aspirationn.强烈的愿望，志向，抱负

enrollvi.（in,on）入学，加入vt.招收，吸收

［联想词］

expel（expelled;expelling）vt.1.把..除名，把..开除2.驱逐3.排出

formulatevt.1.构想出，规划2.系统地阐述

formulationn.1.公式化2.系统的阐述3.规划，构想

impulsen.1.冲动，一时的念头2.驱动，驱使3.脉冲

［联想词］

propel（propelled,propelling）vt.1.推进，推动2.激励，驱使

curbvt.控制,约束n.控制，约束

slya.1.狡猾的，狡诈的2.会意的,会心的

［联想词］

shrewda.机灵的，敏锐的，精明的

confidentiala.1.秘密的，机密的2.表示信任的

UnitEight

TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofCars

Theuseofthemotorisbecomingmoreandmorewidespreadinthetwentiethcentury;asanincreasingnumberofcountriesdevelopbothtechnicallyandeconomically,soalargerproportionoftheworld，spopulationisabletobuyanduseacar.Possessingacargivesamuchgreaterdegreeofmobility,enablingthedrivertomovearoundfreely.Theownerofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransportandis,therefore,notcompelledtoworklocally.Hecanchoosefromdifferentjobsandprobablychangeshisworkmorefrequentlyasheisnotrestrictedtoachoicewithinasmallradius.Travelingtoworkbycarisalsomorecomfortablethanhavingtousepublictransport;thedrivercanadjusttheheatinginwinterandtheair-conditioninginthesummertosuithisownneedsandpreference.Thereisnoirritationcausedbywaitingfortrains,busesorundergroundtrains,standinginlongpatientqueues,orsittingonwindyplatforms,foraslongashalfanhoursometimes.Withthebuildingofgood,fastmotorwayslongdistancescanbecoveredrapidlyandpleasantly.Forthefirsttimeinthiscenturyalso,manypeoplearenowabletoenjoytheirleisuretimetothefullbymakingtripstothecountryorseasideattheweekends,insteadofbeingconfinedtotheirimmediateneighborhood.Thisfeelingofindependence,andthefreedomtogowhereyouplease,isperhapsthegreatestadvantageofthecar.

whenconsideringthedrawbacks,perhapspollutionisofprimeimportance.Asmoreandmorecarsareproducedandused,sotheemissionfromtheirexhaust-pipescontainsaneverlargervolumeofpoisonousgas.Someofthecontentsofthisgas,suchaslead,notonlypollutetheatmospherebutcauseactualharmtothehealthofpeople.Manyoftheminorillnessesofmodernindustrialsociety,headaches,tiredness,andstomachupsetsarethoughttoarisefrombreathingpollutedair;doctors'surgeriesarefullofpeoplesufferingfromillnessescausedbypollution.Itisalsobecomingincreasinglydifficulttodealwiththeproblemoftrafficintowns;mostoftheimportantcitiesoftheworldsufferformtrafficjams.Infact,anyadvantagegainedincomfortisoftencancelledoutincitydrivingbythefrustrationcausedbytrafficjams:

endlessqueuesofcarscrawlingoneafteranotherattheintersections.Asanincreasingnumberoftrafficregulationschemesaredevised,thepoorbewildereddriverfindshimselfdivertedandforcedintoone-waysystemswhichcauseevengreaterdelaysthanthetrafficjamstheyaresupposedtoprevent.Themountingcostofpetrolandtheincreasedtollsandroadtaxalladdtothedriver'sworries.Infact,hemustsometimeswonderifthemotorcarissuchablessingandnotjustamenace.

mobilityn.1.流动性，移动性2.机动性

mobilizevt.1.动员2.调动vi.动员起来

［联想词］

summonvi.1.召唤2.（up）鼓起勇气3.召开，召集

irritatevt.1.使恼怒，使烦躁2.使（身体某部分）不适,使疼痛

radiusn.半径

air-conditioningn.空调设备，空调系统

drawbackn.缺点，欠缺,不利条件

［联想词］

setbackn.挫折，倒退，失败

handicapn.1.缺陷2.障碍vt.（handicapped;handicapping）妨碍，使不利

productivea.1.多产的，富饶的2.富有成效的

productivityn.生产力，生产率

surgeryn.1.外科,外科手术2.手术室

surgeonn.外科医生

［联想词］

dentistn.牙科医生

wardn.病房

bandagen.绷带vt.用绷带包扎

intersectionn.道路交叉口，交点

［联想词］

junctionn.联结点，交叉口，枢纽

overpassn.天桥，立交桥

barricaden.路vt.在...设路障

bewildervt.使迷惑，难住

［联想词］

perplexvt.使困惑，使复杂化

bafflevt.使困惑，难住

tolln.1.过路费2.（事故等的）伤亡人数，损失v.（缓慢而有规律的）敲（钟）

divertvt.1.使转向，使改道2.转移，转移...的注意力3.使娱乐

diversionn.1.转移，转向2.消遣，娱乐3.临时绕行路

blessv.1.使有幸得到,使具有2.为...祈神赐福

blessingn.1.祈神赐福2.幸事，恩惠

menacen.1.具有危险的人2.威胁，威吓vt.威胁，威吓

［联想词］

intimidatevt.恐吓，威胁

bullyvt.欺负，威吓n.恃强欺弱者

jeopardizevt.危及,损害

terrifyvt.使害怕，使惊吓

terrifica.1.可怕的，吓人的2.极度的，极大的

UnitNine

TheDefinitionofaGentleman

Itisalmostadefinitionofagentlemantosayheisonewhoneverinflictspain.Thisdescriptionisbothrefinedand,asfarasitgoes,accurate.Heismainlyoccupiedinmerelyremovingtheobstacleswhichhinderthefreeandunembarrassedactionofthoseabouthim.Hisbenefitsmaybeconsideredasparalleltowhatarecalledcomfortsorconvenienceinarrangementsofapersonalnature:

likeaneasychairoragoodfire,whichdotheirpartindispellingcoldandfatigue,thoughnatureprovidesbothmeansofrestandanimalheatwithoutthem.Thetruegentlemaninlikemannercarefullyavoidswhatevermaycauseajarorajoltinthemindsofthosewithwhomheiscast;—allclashingofopinion,orcollisionoffeeling,allrestraint,orsuspicion,orgloom,orresentment;hisgreatconcernbeingtomadeeveryoneattheireaseandathome.Hehashiseyesonallhiscompany:

heistendertowardsthebashful,gentletowardsthedistant,andmercifultowardstheabsurd;hecanrecollecttowhomheisspeaking;heguardsagainstunseasonableallusions,ortopicswhichmayirritate;heisseldomprominentinconversation,andneverwearisome.

Hemakeslightoffavorswhilehedoesthem,andseemstobereceivingwhenheisconferring.Heneverspeaksofhimselfexceptwhencompelled,defendshimselfbyamereretort,hehasnoearsforslanderorgossip,isscrupulousinimputingmotivestothosewhointerferewithhim,andinterpretseverythingforthebest.Heisnevermeanorlittleinhisdisputes,nevertakesunfairadvantage,nevermistakespersonalitiesorsharpsayingsforarguments,orinsulatesevilwhichhedarenotsayout.Fromalong-sightedprudence,heobservesthemaximoftheancientsage,thatweshouldeverconductourselvestowardsourenemyasifhewereonedaytobeourfriend.

Hehastoomuchgoodsensetobeaffrontedatinsults,heistoowellemployedtorememberinjuries,andtooindolenttobearmalice.Heispatient,forbearing,andresigned,onphilosophicalprinciples;hesubmitstopain,becauseitisinevitable,tobereavement,becauseitisirreparable,andtodeath,becauseitishisdestiny.Ifheengagesincontroversyofanykind,hisdisciplinedintellectpreserveshimfromtheblunder.

名人名言

Itisoneofthebeautifulcompensationsofthislifethatnoonecansincerelytrytohelpanotherwithouthelpinghimself.

Thegreattragedyoflifeisnotthatmenperish,butthattheycesetolove.

inflictvt.（on,upon）把...强加给，使遭受,使承担

［联想词］

afflictvt.使苦恼，折磨