职称英语阅读理解综合类新增文章打印版.docx

职称英语阅读理解综合类新增文章打印版.docx

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职称英语阅读理解综合类新增文章打印版

2011年职称英语综合类类阅读理解

新增文章篇目

第八篇TheStateofMarriageToday

*第三十八篇ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople

+第四十七篇SpoiltforChoice

注：

1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；

2、2011年词汇部分与2010年教材相比未作任何变化。

第八篇

TheStateofMarriageToday

Istheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?

Duringthepast50years，therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded：

almost50％ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse．Ifthistrendcontinues．itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily，accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation．Somefuturistspredictthatinl00years．theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimes．andextramaritalaffairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow．

Butwhatarethereasonsforthis，andisthepicturereallysogloomy?

Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple：

marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas．Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed．Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbandsastheyusuallydidn’thavejobsoutsidethehome．Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell—payingjobs，thisisnolongerthecase，sotheydon’tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage．

Inanswertothesecondquestion，theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimisticasitseems．Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen，therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch，somarriageisstillquitepopular．Inadditiontothis．manycouplesnowcohabitanddon’tbothertomarry．Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried，buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics．Infact．morethan50％Offirstmarriagessurvive．Thestatisticsaredeceptivebecausethereisahighernumberofdivorcesinsecondandthirdmarriagesthaninfirstmarriages．

Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?

Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn’t．Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople：

theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequences，suchasheartproblems，andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts．Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!

词汇：

Divorcen．离婚

Evidencen．证据，迹象

Futuristn．未来主义者

Explodev．激增，迅速扩大

Predictv．预言，预料，预报

Extramaritaladj．婚外的

Gloomyadj．阴暗的；令人沮丧的

Institutionn．制度，习俗

Outlookn．展望，前景

Pessimisticadj．悲观的

Cohabitv．同居

Effectivelyad．实际上

Statisticsn．统计，统计资料

Deceptiveadj．迷惑的，骗人的

Outdatedadj．旧式的，过时的

Indicatev．表明，暗示

Consequencen．结果，后果

Contentedadj．满足的，满意的

Counterpartn．对应的人（或物）

注释：

NationalFamilyAssociation：

美国国家家庭联合会

练习：

1．WhichistrueabouttheproblemofmarriageintheUnitedStatestoday?

A）Divorceleadstothebreakupofthefamily．

B）Halfofthemarriedcouplesgetdivorced：

C）Americanpeoplemarrymorethanfourtimes．

D）Moreandmorepeoplearegettingdivorced．

2．Whatdoes“thisisnolongerthecase”inparagraphtwomean?

A）Itisnotnecessarytogetmarriedanymore．

B）Womendonotneedahusbandanylonger．

C）Womenarenoteconomicallydependantanymore．

D）Manywivesdowell-payingjobsoutsidehomenow．

3．Whymaytheoutlookofmarriagenotbeasgloomyasitappears?

A）Manypeoplestillliketogetmarried．

B）Therateofdivorcehasactuallydecreased．

C）Over50％ofthemarriagescontinuetoexist．

D）Thestatisticsofdivorceisnotquitetrue。

4．Howdopeopleusuallyfeelintheirmarriagelife?

A）Theyaremuchhealthier．

B）Theyfeelnolongersingle．

C）Theyaremoresatisfied．

D）Theysufferalotless．

5．WhichofthefollowingaboutmarriageisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A）Therewillbemorerelationshipsoutsidemarriage．

B）Manypeopletrytogetmarriedagainafterdivorce．

C）Marriagehaslongbeenpartlyaneconomicalneed．

D）Itisafactthatmostpeoplechoosetogetmarried．

答案与题解：

1．D从第一段里可以了解到选项A与C都是预计将来会发生的，而不是如今的情况。

B选项与第一段第二句“almost50％ofthemarriagesendindivorce”不符。

第一段第二句里的“therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded”、“theevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse”话语正好说明了D选项的情况。

2．C第二段第四句、第五句说得很清楚，妇女们如今在外工作在经济上不再依赖她们的丈夫，因此觉得无需维持行将失败的婚姻。

3．A从第三段里可以了解到离婚率并没有下降而是上升了，因此B选项不对。

而C选项与第三段里“Infact，morethan50％offirstmarriagessurvive”所说不符，该选项没有提到是第一次婚姻。

同样，D选项在文中也没有说到，文中第三段的最后一句只是说统计数据具有欺骗性，而没有说数据失实。

4．C文中第四段第三句的后半句说得很清楚，结了婚的人比单身的人更满足。

A，D选项提到的是实际情况而不是婚后人们的感觉，因此不对。

文中并没有提到选项B所说的情况。

5．BA选项在第一段最后一句里提到了，C选项和D选项分别在第二段、第四段里提到了，而B选项却没有哪一段具体提到。

*第三十八篇

ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople

Beingabletomultitaskishailedbymostpeopleasawelcomeskill，butnotaccordingtoarecentstudywhichclaimsthatyoungpeoplebetweentheagesofeightandeighteenoftheso-calledGenerationM1arespendingaconsiderableamountoftheirtimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.Itarguesthat,infact,theseyoungpeoplearefritteringawayasmuchashalfoftheirtimeagainastheywouldiftheyperformedtheverysametasksoneaftertheother.

Someyoungpeoplearejugglinganeverlargernumberofelectronicdevicesastheystudy.Atthesametimethattheyareworking,youngadultsarealsosurfingontheInternet,orsendingoutemailstotheirfriends,and／oransweringthetelephoneandlisteningtomusicontheiriPods2

orOnanothercomputer.Assomenewdevicecomesalongittooisaddedtothelistratherthanreplacingoneoftheexistingdevices.

Otherresearchhasindicatedthatthismultitaskingisevenaffectingthewayfamiliesthemselvesfunctionasyoungpeoplearetoowrappedup3intheirownisolatedworldstointeractwiththeotherpeoplearoundthem.Theycannolongergreetfamilymemberswhentheyenterthehousenorcantheyeatatthefamilytable.

Allthiselectronicwizardryissupposedlyalsoseriouslyaffectingyoungpeople'sperformanceatuniversityandintheworkplace.Whenaskedabouttheirperceptionoftheimpactofmoderngadgetsontheirperformanceoftasks,theoverwhelmingmajorityofyoungpeoplegaveafavourableresponse.

Theresponsefromtheacademicandbusinessworldswasnotquiteaspositive.Theformerfeelthatmultitaskingwithelectronicgadgetsbychildrenaffectslaterdevelopmentofstudyskills,resultinginadeclineinthequalityofwriting,forexample,becauseofthelackofconcentrationontaskcompletion.Theyfeelthatmanyundergraduatesnowurgentlyneedremedialhelpwithstudyskills.Similarly,employersfeelthatyoungpeopleenteringtheworkforceneedtobetaughtalloveragain,astheyhavebecomedeskilled.

Whileallthismaybetrue,itmustbeborneinmind4thatmoreandmoreisexpectedofyoungpeoplenowadays;infact,toomuch.Praiseratherthancriticismisdueinrespectof5thewaytoday'syouthareabletocopedespitewhattheoldergenerationthrowatthem．

词汇：

excessiveadj．过多的，额外

interactvi．交流，沟通，互动

multitaskvi．同时进行多个任务

wizardryn．魔力，法术

supposedlyadv．据认为，据推测

hailvt．赞扬

performancen．表现，行为

claimvt．声称，主张

perceptionn．认识，看法，见解

considerableadj.相当大的，相当多的

impactn.影响，作用

gadgetn.小巧的机械装置

frittervt.消费，浪费

overwhelmingadj.压倒性的

jugglevt.耍弄，玩耍

majorityn.大多数

electronicdevicen.电子装置，电子仪器

academicadj.学术的，学校的

declinen.下降，衰退

surfvi.（网上）冲浪，漫游，浏览

concentrationn.专心，专注

indicatevt.表明，指出

remedialadj.补习的，补救的

affectvt.影响

deskilledadj.逐渐失去技能的

isolatedadj.鼓励的，与世隔绝的

dueadj.应有的，适当的

注释：

1.GenerationM：

M代表multimedia。

GenerationM即“多媒体时代”，是指伴随着计算机和因特网的普及而成长起来的一代年轻人。

他们多出生于1980年之后，热衷于计算机、因特网、视频游戏、智能手机。

这些新媒体和传统媒体如电视、印刷品、音响制品结合起来，使得他们的世界异常丰富多彩。

“多媒体时代”的另一特征就是可以multitask，即多项任务同时进行，如他们可以_边上网冲浪、一边听着音乐、一边看着电视里的MTV、一边和朋友短信聊天、同时还做着自己的家庭作业。

2．iPod：

美国苹果公司的一款音乐播放器，除了可以播放MP3音乐外，iPod还可以作为高速移动硬盘使用，可以显示联系人、日历和任务，以及阅读电子书和聆听有声电子书以及播客（Podcasts）。

3．bewrappedupin．．．注意力完全集中于……

4．bearinmind记住

5．inrespectof关于，就……而言

练习：

1．Accordingtoarecentstudy,whatisprobablytrueaboutthemultitaskingGenerationM?

A）Theyarehighlycommendedforbeingsoeffectiveandefficient．

B）Theywastemoretimethantheyshouldsave,contrarytocommonassumptions．

C）Theyshouldprioritizeandfocusonthemostimportanttasksonhand．

D）TheyneedtoimprovetheirorganizationalskillsSOastocompletealltheirtasks．

2．Withtheadventofnewgadgets,whatwillhappentoGenerationM'spresente-devices?

A）Theymakewayforthelatestandgreatestandareretiredbytheyoungpeople．

B）Theyareputawaytemporarilybutstayinrotationfortheirownerstochoosefrom．

C）Theybecomepartoftheeverincreasingcollectionofnovelties．

D）Theyareeithersoldortradedsothattheirownerscanupdatetheirtoysandhobbies．

3．HowwillmultitaskingaffectGenerationMadversely?

A）Itmakesthemfeellonelyandpitiful.

B）Itmakesthemaloofandelusivetofamilyandfriends.

C）Itmakesthemselfishandpossessive．

D）Itmakesthemimpoliteandungrateful．

4．Whatisthebiggestproblemformultitaskingundergraduatesinuniversities?

A）Theyshouldadjusttheiracademicattitudesseriously.

B）Theyshouldseekpsychologicalprofessionalsforassistance.

C）Theyshouldtakesomecrashcoursestocatchupwiththeirclassmates.

D）Theyshouldtryhardertofocusononetaskbeforemovingontothenext.

5．Indealingwithtoday'syouth,whatapproachshouldparentstake?

A）Besupportiveandunderstanding.

B）Berealisticandlowertheirexpectations.

C）Beencouragingandlettheirchildrensticktotheiroldhabits.

D）Bepatientandhopeeverythingwillworkoutjustfineeventually.

答案与题解：

1．B从第一段第一句话中的"aconsiderableamountoftheirtime""fruitlessefforts''以及该段最后一句话中的"fritteringawayasmuchas…"可以进行同义替换，waste就是fruitless和fritter的同义词。

2．C从第二段的最后一句话中的"addedtothelistratherthanreplacing"可以判断出，这些年轻人的电子设备是越来越多，而不是A被取而代之、8被轮流使用、D被出售或交换以便买更新的产品。

3．B答