小学英语常见形容词及比较级.docx

小学英语常见形容词及比较级.docx

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小学英语常见形容词及比较级

小学英语常见形容词及比较级、最高级变化一览表

1.在形容词词尾加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级：

bright（明亮的）—brighter—brightest

broad（广阔的）—broader—broadest

cheap（便宜的）—cheaper—cheapest

clean（干净的）—cleaner—cleanest

clever（聪明的）—cleverer—cleverest

cold（寒冷的）—colder—coldest

cool（凉的）—cooler—coolest

dark（黑暗的）—darker—darkest

dear（贵的）—dearer—dearest

deep（深的）—deeper—deepest

fast（迅速的）—faster—fastest

few（少的）—fewer—fewest

great（伟大的）—greater—greatest

hard（困难的，硬的）—harder—hardest

high（高的）—higher—highest

kind（善良的）—kinder—kindest

light（轻的）—lighter—lightest

long（长的）—longer—longest

loud（响亮的）—louder—loudest

low（低的）—lower—lowest

near（近的）—nearer—nearest

new（新的）—newer—newest

poor（穷的）—poorer—poorest

quick（快的）—quicker—quickest

quiet（安静的）—quieter—quietest

rich（富裕的）—richer—richest

short（短的）—shorter—shortest

slow（慢的）—slower—slowest

small（小的）—smaller—smallest

smart（聪明的）—smarter—smartest

soft（柔软的）—softer—softest

strong（强壮的）—stronger—strongest

sweet（甜的）—sweeter—sweetest

tall（高的）-taller-tallest

thick（厚的）—thicker—thickest

warm（温暖的）—warmer—warmest

weak（弱的）—weaker—weakest

young（年轻的）—younger—youngest

2.双写最后一个字母，再加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级：

big（大的）—bigger—biggest

fat（胖的）—fatter—fattest

hot（热的）—hotter—hottest

red（红的）—redder—reddest

sad（伤心的）—sadder—saddest

thin（瘦的）—thinner—thinnest

wet（湿的）—wetter—wettest

mad（疯的）—madder—maddest

3.以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，加上“r”“st”构成比较级、最高级：

able（能干的）—abler—ablest

brave（勇敢的）—braver—bravest

close（接近的）—closer—closest

fine（好的，完美的）—finer—finest

large（巨大的）—larger—largest

late（迟的）—later—latest

nice（好的）—nicer—nicest

ripe（成熟的）—riper—ripest

rude（粗鲁的）—ruder—rudest

safe（安全的）—safer—safest

strange（奇怪的）—stranger—strangest

wide（宽广的）—wider—widest

wise（睿智的，聪明的）—wiser—wisest

white（白的）—whiter—whitest

4.以字母y结尾的形容词，把y改为i，再加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级：

busy（忙碌的）—busier—busiest

dirty（脏的）—dirtier—dirtiest

dry（干燥的）—drier—driest

early（早的）—earlier—earliest

easy（容易的）—easier—easiest

friendly（友好的）—friendlier—friendliest

funny（好玩的）—funnier—funniest

happy（开心的）—happier—happiest

healthy（健康的）—healthier—healthiest

heavy（重的）—heavier—heaviest

hungry（饿的）—hungrier—hungriest

lazy（懒惰的）—lazier—laziest

lucky（幸运的）—luckier—luckiest

naughty（调皮的）—naughtier—naughtiest

noisy（嘈杂的）—noisier—noisiest

pretty（美丽的）—prettier—prettiest

silly（傻的）—sillier—silliest

spicy（辣的）—spicier—spiciest

thirsty（渴的）—thirstier—thirstiest

ugly（丑的）—uglier—ugliest

5.双音节、多音节形容词，在单词前面加上“more”“most”构成比较级、最高级：

afraid（害怕的）—moreafraid—mostafraid

beautiful（美丽的）—morebeautiful—mostbeautiful

careful（仔细的）—morecareful—mostcareful

cheerful（开心的）—morecheerful—mostcheerful

crowded（拥挤的）—morecrowded—mostcrowded

dangerous（危险的）—moredangerous—mostdangerous

delicious（美味的）—moredelicious—mostdelicious

difficult（困难的）—moredifficult—mostdifficult

exciting（令人兴奋的）—moreexciting—mostexciting

expensive（昂贵的）—moreexpensive—mostexpensive

famous（著名的）—morefamous—mostfamous

frightened（受惊的）—morefrightened—mostfrightened

frightening（令人害怕的）—morefrightening—mostfrightening

hard-working（勤奋的）—morehard-working—mosthard-working

helpful（有帮助的）—morehelpful—mosthelpful

honest（诚实的）—morehonest—mosthonest

important（重要的）—moreimportant—mostimportant

interesting（有趣的）—moreinteresting—mostinteresting

polite（有礼貌的）—morepolite—mostpolite

terrible（可怕的）—moreterrible—mostterrible

tired（累的）—moretired—mosttired

6.不规则变化的形容词：

bad（坏的）—worse—worst

far（远的）—farther—farthest（far—further—furthest）

good（好的）—better—best

ill（病的）—worse—worst

little（少的）—less—least

many（多的）—more—most

much（多的）—more—most

old（年老的）—older—oldest（old—elder—eldest）

well（好的，身体好的）—better—best

1不规则动词的过去式如下　　

do-didgo-wentfiy-flewsee-saw

swim-swambuy-boughtare-wereis/am-wastake--tookeat-atesing-sangleave-left

get-gottell-toldsweep-sweptrun-ran

say-saidcome-camehave-haddrink-drankwear-worewrite-wrotesit-satgive-gave

feel-feltfind-foundbring-broughtcatch-caught

make-maderead-readhurt-hurtlet-let

put-putset-setmeet-metdraw-drew

2反义词，对应词。

black—whitegirl--boybefor--after

new—oldMrs--Mrover--underbig--small

in--outask—answerold--youndup--down

open--closegood--badyes--nohere--there

right--wrongcome--gothis--thatfat--thin

light--heavyteacher--studentshort--long/tallclean--dirtystrong-thinsame—differenton-undertoday--yestoday

early—latehot--coldnorth--sorthwarm--cool

sister—brothercry--laughbusy--freefar--near

full--hungrylight—darksad—excitedteach—study

puton—takeoffgetoff---getongotobed---getup

gothere---comehere

3同音词　　

high-hithere-theirtwo-to/toofour-for

here-hearmeet-meatwhose-who’swhere-wear

right-writeour-hourI-eyewhy-Yy

Uu-youknow-noare-Rrsee-sea-Cc

one-wonsun-sonbuy-byOo-oharen’t-aunt

4近义词　　

photo-picturehello-hidesk-tablenice-good

always-oftenkid-childarrive-gettomust-haveto

sure-certainlymany-alotofwouldlike-want

pretty-beautifuleigher-toogift-present

5完全—缩写形式　　

arenot=aren’tisnot=isn’tdonot=don’t

didnot=didn’tdoesnot=doesn’tcannot=can’t

wasnot=wasn’tIwill=I’llIam=I’mIwould=I’d

Letus=Let‘stheyare=they’rewhatis=what’s

sheis=she’sitis=it’sheis=he’sIwill=I’ll

wewill=we’llwerenot=weren’t

mister=Mrcentimeter=cm厘米

6单数名词变复数名词　　

一，一般情况在词未直接加“s”.如：

book—booksgirl-girls

二，如果单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾，则在词尾加“es”.如box-boxesdress-dresseswatch-watches

三，以字母o结尾的单词，该词是有生命体加“es”，该词是无生命体加“s”。

如：

tomato—tomatoes（西红柿）potato—potatoes（土豆）photo—photos（照片）radio—radios（收音机）

四，以y结尾的单词，y前是元音的加s,y前是辅音的把y变成i再加es.如：

boy—boysday—daysbaby—babiesfamily—familiescountry--countries

五，以f,fe结尾的单词去掉f,fe再加ves.如：

knife-knivesleaf-leaveswife—wivesshelf—shelves.

六，不规则变化的名词。

foot—feetgoose—geesetooth—teethdeer—deermouse—micefish—fishman—menChinese—Chinesewoman—womensheep—sheepchild—childrenthis—thesethat—thoseyou—youJapanese—Japanesepoliceman—policemenis/am—areit/he/she--they

7名词→形容词。

China→ChineseJapan→JapaneseAmerica→Americansun→sunnysnow→snowywind→windyfun→funnyrain→rainynoise→noisyhelp→helpfulfriend→friendlyexcite→exciteduse→usefullove→lovelycolour→colourful

8动词→名词　　

climb→climberwrite→writer

sing→singerdrive→driver

work→workerteach→teacher

clean→cleanerfarm→farmer

play→playerrun→runner

9动词的现在分词。

1.一般情况加ing.

如：

read→readingdo→doing

2.以e结尾的单词去掉e再加ing.

如：

make→makingdive→diving

write→writing

3.以重读闭音节结尾的单词双写末尾辅音字母再加ing.

如；swim→swimmingrun→running

10形容词的比较级和最高级的构成。

单音节词的构成如下：

1．一般在词尾加er或est.

如：

tall→tallerlong→longer

2.以e结尾的单词加er或est.

如：

fine→finerlate→later

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的单词把y变成i再加er或est.

如：

heavy→heaviereasy→easier

4.以重读闭音节结尾的单词双写末尾辅音字母再加er或est.

如：

big→biggerthin→thinner

fat→fatter

5.不规则变化。

good→better→best

bad→worse→worst

many→more→most

little→less→least

far→farther→farthest

多音节词在词前加more.或most.

11动词的过去式。

1，一般情况加ed.

如：

visit→vistedlearn→learned

2．以e结尾的单词直接加d.。

如：

make→makedwrite→writed

3.以辅音加y结尾的单词把y变成i再加ed。

如：

study→studied

以元音加y结尾的单词直接加ed.如：

play→played

4．以重读闭音节结尾的单词双写末尾辅音字母再加ed.

如：

stop→stopped

12序数词的缩写形式。

first→1stsecond→2nd

third→3rdfourth→4th

fifth→5theighth→8th

ninth→9thtwelfth→12th

twentieth→20th

twenty-first→21st