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发展心理学练习题婴儿
Multiple-ChoiceQuestions（Chapter3-7）
Chapter3PrenatalDevelopment
12）Theperiodofthezygotelastsabout________,beginningwith________.
A）3months;fertilization
B）2weeks;implantation
C）3months;implantation
D）2weeks;fertilization
Answer:
D
PageRef:
101
27）Themostrapidprenatalchangestakeplaceduringtheperiodofthe________,whereastherateofbodygrowthisgreatestduringtheperiodofthe________.
A）zygote;fetus
B）fetus;embryo
C）embryo;fetus
D）zygote;embryo
Answer:
C
PageRef:
103
Chapter4BirthandtheNewbornBaby
54）The________reflexhelpsabreast-fedbabyfindhisorhermother'snipple.
A）rooting
B）moro
C）palmargrasp
D）tonicneck
Answer:
A
PageRef:
14
56）The________reflexmaypreparethebabyforvoluntaryreaching.
A）moro
B）rooting
C）tonicneck
D）Babinski
Answer:
C
PageRef:
149
Skill:
Conceptual
57）Toelicitthe________reflex,onewouldstrokethesoleofanewborn'sfootfromtoetowardheel.
A）moro
B）stepping
C）rooting
D）Babinski
Answer:
D
PageRef:
149
58）Researchersbelievethatmostnewbornreflexesdisappearduringthefirstsixmonthsdueto
A）alackofuse,particularlythoseoriginallyadaptedforsurvivalpurposes.
B）cephalocaudaldevelopmentimpactingfinemotorcontrol.
C）proximodistaldevelopmentimpactinggrossmotorcontrol.
D）agradualincreaseinvoluntarycontroloverbehaviorasthecerebralcortexdevelops.
Answer:
D
PageRef:
150
59）Theassessmentofnewbornreflexesisonewaytodetermineif
A）thebabywilllearnmotorskillsmorequicklythanaverage.
B）damagetothecentralnervoussystemhasoccurred.
C）thebabywillbeaboveaverageintelligence.
D）thechildisatriskforSIDS.
Answer:
B
PageRef:
150
60）Weak,absent,orexaggeratedreflexesinaninfantmayindicate
A）braindamage.
B）weakmuscletone.
C）poorgrossmotorskills.
D）ineffectiveparenting.
Answer:
A
PageRef:
150
64）WhydoinfantsspendsomuchtimeinREMsleep?
A）REMsleepisnecessarilytorefinefinemuscledevelopmentoftheeye.
B）REMsleepallowsthebodytoconserveneededenergyforgrowth.
C）REMisaformofself-stimulationthatisvitalfornervoussystemdevelopment.
D）REMsleepassistswithtemperatureregulationanddigestion.
Answer:
C
PageRef:
150
70）Anewbornisparticularlysensitivetotouchonthe
A）stomach,back,andlegs.
B）armsandhands.
C）mouth,palms,andsolesoffeet.
D）face,arms,andlegs.
Answer:
C
PageRef:
154
Chapter5PhysicalDevelopmentinInfancyandToddlerhood
1）Aliciawas20incheslongandweighed7poundsatbirth.Assumingnormalgrowth,whatcanweestimatehermeasurementswillbeonherfirstbirthday?
A）25incheslongand14pounds
B）40incheslongand14pounds
C）30incheslongand21pounds
D）30incheslongand14pounds
Answer:
C
PageRef:
166
2）Bytheendofthesecondyear,atypicalchild'sweighthas________sincebirth.
A）doubled
B）tripled
C）quadrupled
D）quintupled
Answer:
C
PageRef:
166
6）Duringinfancy________.Thesesexdifferenceswill________duringadolescence.
A）boysareslightlyshorterandlighter;disappear
B）boysareslightlyshorterandlighter;begreatlymagnified
C）girlshaveahigherratiooffattomusclethandoboys;disappear
D）girlshaveahigherratiooffattomusclethandoboys;begreatlymagnified
Answer:
D
PageRef:
166
7）Thecephalocaudaltrendindevelopmentmeansthat
A）theextremitiesdevelopbeforethecentralregions.
B）theheadregiondevelopsbeforethefootregion.
C）malesdevelopmorerapidlythanfemales.
D）femalesdevelopmorerapidlythanmales.
Answer:
B
PageRef:
167
8）Whichofthefollowingisconsistentwiththeproximodistaltrendofbodygrowth?
A）Duringtheprenatalperiod,theheaddevelopsmorerapidlythanthelowerpartofthe
body.
B）Duringchildhood,thearmsandlegsgrowsomewhataheadofthehandsandfeet.
C）Duringtheprenatalperiod,thetrunkgrowsfirst,followedbythechestandthehead.
D）Duringchildhood,thehandsandfeetdevelopmorerapidlythanthetrunk.
Answer:
B
PageRef:
167
15）Atbirth,the________is/arenearerthananyotherphysicalstructuretoitsadultsize.
A）heart
B）lungs
C）brain
D）feet
Answer:
C
PageRef:
169
16）Productionandmigrationofneuronsislargelycompleteby
A）theendofthesecondtrimesterofpregnancy.
B）birth.
C）aninfant'sfirstbirthday.
D）age5.
Answer:
A
PageRef:
169
18）Synapticpruningistheprocessbywhich
A）newsynapsesareformedastheresultofstimulationbyinputfromthesurrounding
environment.
B）seldom-usedneuronsdieduringthepeakperiodofsynapticgrowthinanybrainarea.
C）neuralfibersbecomemyelinatedasaresultofstimulationofthebrain.
D）seldom-stimulatedneuronsarereturnedtoanuncommittedstatesotheycansupportthe
developmentoffutureskills.
Answer:
D
PageRef:
169
19）Anearlyoverabundanceofsynapses
A）istheresultofanoverproductionofneuronsduringinfancy.
B）ensuresthatinfantswillacquirebasicmotor,cognitive,andsocialskills.
C）occurswheninfantsreceiveoverstimulating,intrusivecare.
D）takesplacewhenfiberslinkingthecerebellumtothecerebralcortexbegintomyelinate.
Answer:
B
PageRef:
170
20）Dramaticincreasesin________areresponsiblefortherapidgaininbrainsizeduringthefirst2
years.
A）neuronproduction
B）theformationofnewsynapses
C）thedevelopmentofneuralfolds
D）growthofneuralfibersandmyelinization
Answer:
D
PageRef:
170
25）Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingthelateralizationofthecerebralcortex?
A）Thecortexofleft-handedpeopleislessclearlyspecializedthanthatofright-handed
people.
B）Eachhemispheretypicallyreceivesinformationfromandcontrolsthesamesideofthe
body.
C）Theactionsofright-handersarecontrolledbytherighthemisphereandtheactionsof
left-handersarecontrolledbytheleftside.
D）Formostpeople,thelefthemisphereisresponsibleforspatialabilitiesandtheright
hemispherecontrolsverbalskills.
Answer:
A
PageRef:
171
29）Oncethetwohemispheres________,thecortex________.
A）lateralize;losesunneededsynapses
B）myelinize;isnolongerhighlyplastic
C）lateralize;isnolongerhighlyplastic
D）myelinize;losesunneededsynapses
Answer:
C
PageRef:
173
31）When1-month-oldkittensareputinthedarkandkepttherefortwomonths,damageto
visualcentersofthebrainispermanent.Thisprovidesevidenceof
A）brainplasticity.
B）synapticpruning.
C）lateralizationofthecerebralcortex.
D）asensitiveperiodinbraindevelopment.
Answer:
D
PageRef:
174
35）Earlylearningcenterswithfullcurriculumsofreading,math,andscience
A）maycreateconditionsforinfantsmuchlikestimulusdeprivation.
B）overwhelminfantswhoarelessadvancedintheseacademicareasthantheirmorerapidly
developingagemates.
C）tendtoyieldextremelybrightandpsychologicallyhealthyinfants.
D）areaseffectiveinpromotingcognitivedevelopasaretraditionallynurseryschool
programs.
Answer:
A
PageRef:
175
57）Classicalconditioningisofgreatvaluetobabiesbecauseithelpsthemto
A）anticipatewhatisabouttohappennext.
B）manipulatetheirparents'actions.
C）elicitpositivereinforcementsfromtheirparents.
D）gainbettercontrolovertheiremotions.
Answer:
A
PageRef:
182
Skill:
Applied
Objective:
5.11
58）BabyMarcusbeginstosuckassoonasheseeshismotherwithabottleofformula.Marcus'
responsetothebottleistheresultof
A）habituation.
B）dishabituation.
C）operantconditioning
D）classicalconditioning.
Answer:
D
PageRef:
182
66）BabyJacob'smotherismorelikelytopickhimupwhenhesmilesthanwhenheisfussy.Asa
result,thefrequencyofJacob'ssmileshasincreased.Thisisanexampleof
A）habituation.
B）operantconditioning.
C）recovery.
D）classicalconditioning.
Answer:
B
PageRef:
183
73）WhenbabyDrew'smotherfirstshowshimamirror,hestaresintentlyatthemirrorandshakes
hisarmsandlegs.Afterafewminutes,Drewlooksawayfromthemirrorandbeginstofuss.
Thisisbecause
A）Drewhashabituatedtothemirror.
B）themirrorisnolongerservingasareinforcer.
C）Drewhasrecoveredtothemirror.
D）themirrorisnolongerservingasapunishment.
Answer:
A
PageRef:
184
77）Asbabiesgetolder,
A）theyhabituatetostimulimorequickly.
B）habituationbecomesmoredifficulttoelicit.
C）theytakelongertohabituatetostimuli.
D）habituationbecomeseasiertoelicit.
Answer:
A
PageRef:
185
81）Whichoftheseisthebestexampleofafinemotorskill?
A）grasping
B）walking
C）crawling
D）kicking
Answer:
A
PageRef:
187
82）Whichoftheseisthebestexampleofagrossmotorskill?
A）drawing
B）crawling
C）grasping
D）reaching
Answer:
B
PageRef:
187
83）Parentswhocomparetheirchildren'smotordevelopmentwithstandardchartssuchastheone
inthetextbookshouldkeepinmindthat
A）therearelargeindividualdifferencesinthesequenceofmotordevelopment.
B）typicallydevelopingchildrendevelopnewmotorskillsatgenerallythesamerate.
C）manymotorskillsareoftendelayedbymonthsinnormallydevelopingchildren.
D）therearelargeindividualdifferencesintherateofmotorprogress.
Answer:
D
PageRef:
187
85）Inmotordevelopment,severalpreviouslyacquiredskillsarecombinedtoproducemore
advanced,complexskills,knownas
A）finemotorskillsuites.
B）coordinatedtrends.
C）dynamicsystemsofaction.
D）grossmotorskillpackages.
Answer:
C
PageRef:
188
90）Whichofthefollowingmotorskillsisbelievedtoplaythegreatestroleininfantcognitive
development?
A）crawling
B）voluntaryreaching
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