CET4真题.docx

CET4真题.docx

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CET4真题

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic

ChoosinganOccupation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。

2.需要花时间去选择职业。

3.选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

WillWeRunOutofWater?

Picturea“ghostship”sinkingintothesand,lefttorotondrylandbyarecedingsea.Thenimagineduststormssweepinguptoxicpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersfromthedryseabedandspewingthemacrosstownsandvillages.

Seemlikeascenefromamovieabouttheendoftheworld?

ForpeoplelivingneartheAralSeainCentralAsia,it’salltooreal.Thirtyyearsago,governmentplannersdivertedtheriversthatflowintotheseainordertoirrigate（providewaterfor）farmland.Asaresult,theseahasshrunktohalfitsoriginalsize,strandingshipsondryland.Theseawaterhastripledinsaltcontentandbecomepolluted,killingall24nativespeciesoffish.

Similarlarge-scaleeffortstoredirectwaterinotherpartsoftheworldhavealsoendedinecologicalcrisis,accordingtonumerousenvironmentalgroups.Butmanycountriescontinuetobuildmassivedamsandirrigationsystems,eventhoughsuchprojectscancreatemoreproblemsthantheyfix.Why?

Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldaredesperateforwater,andmorepeoplewillneedmorewaterinthenextcentury.

“Growingpopulationswillworsenproblemswithwater,”saysPeterH.Gleick,anenvironmentalscientistatthePacificInstituteforstudiesinDevelopment,Environment,andSecurity,aresearchorganizationinCalifornia.Hefearsthatbytheyear2025,asmanyasonethirdoftheworld’sprojected8.3billionpeoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.

WhereWaterGoes

Only2.5percentofallwateronEarthisfreshwater,watersuitablefordrinkingandgrowingfood,saysSandraPostel,directoroftheGlobalWaterPolicyProjectinAmherst,Mass.Twothirdsofthisfreshwaterislockedinglaciersandicecaps.Infact,onlyatinypercentageoffreshwaterispartofthewatercycle,inwhichwaterevaporatesandrisesintotheatmosphere,thencondensesandfallsbacktoEarthasprecipitation（rainorsnow）.

Someprecipitationrunsofflandtolakesandoceans,andsomebecomesgroundwater,waterthatseepsintotheearth.MuchofthisrenewablefreshwaterendsupinremoteplacesliketheAmazonriverbasininBrazil,wherefewpeoplelive.Infact,theworld’spopulationhasaccesstoonly12,500cubickilometersoffreshwater—abouttheamountofwaterinLakeSuperior.Andpeopleusehalfofthisamountalready.“Ifwaterdemandcontinuestoclimbrapidly,”saysPostel,“therewillbesevereshortagesanddamagetotheaquaticenvironment.”

ClosetoHome

WaterwoesmayseemremotetopeoplelivinginrichcountriesliketheUnitedStates.ButAmericanscouldfaceseriouswatershortages,tooespeciallyinareasthatrelyongroundwater.Groundwateraccumulatesinaquifers,layersofsandandgravelthatliebetweensoilandbedrock.（Foreveryliterofsurfacewater,morethan90litersarehiddenunderground.）AlthoughtheUnitedStateshaslargeaquifers,farmers,ranchers,andcitiesaretappingmanyofthemforwaterfasterthannaturecanreplenishit.InnorthwestTexas,forexample,overpumpinghasshrunkgroundwatersuppliesby25percent,accordingtoPostel.

Americansmayfaceevenmoreurgentproblemsfrompollution.DrinkingwaterintheUnitedStatesisgenerallysafeandmeetshighstandards.Nevertheless,oneinfiveAmericanseverydayunknowinglydrinkstapwatercontaminatedwithbacteriaandchemicalwastes,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.InMilwaukee,400,000peoplefellillin1993afterdrinkingtapwatertaintedwithcryptosporidium,amicrobethatcausesfever,diarrheaandvomiting.

TheSource

Wheredocontaminantscomefrom?

Indevelopingcountries,peopledumprawsewageintothesamestreamsandriversfromwhichtheydrawwaterfordrinkingandcooking;about250millionpeopleayeargetsickfromwaterbornediseases.

Indevelopedcountries,manufacturersuse100,000chemicalcompoundstomakeawiderangeofproducts.Toxicchemicalspollutewaterwhenreleaseduntreatedintoriversandlakes.（Certaincompounds,suchaspolychlorinatedbiphenyls,orPCBs,havebeenbannedintheUnitedStates.）

Butalmosteveryonecontributestowaterpollution.Peopleoftenpourhouseholdcleaners,carantifreeze,andpaintthinnersdownthedrain;allofthesecontainhazardouschemicals.ScientistsstudyingwaterintheSanFranciscoBayreportedin1996that70percentofthepollutantscouldbetracedtohouseholdwaste.

Farmershavebeencriticizedforoverusingherbicidesandpesticides,chemicalsthatkillweedsandinsectsbutthatpollutewateraswell.Farmersalsousenitrates,nitrogen-richfertilizerthathelpplantsgrowbutthatcanwreakhavocontheenvironment.Nitratesaresweptawaybysurfacerunofftolakesandseas.Toomanynitrates“overenrich”thesebodiesofwater,encouragingthebuildupofalgae,ormicroscopicplantsthatliveonthesurfaceofthewater.Algaedeprivethewaterofoxygenthatfishneedtosurvive,attimeschokingofflifeinanentirebodyofwater.

What’stheSolution?

WaterexpertGleickadvocatesconservationandlocalsolutionstowater-relatedproblems;governments,forinstance,wouldbebetteroffbuildingsmall-scaledamsratherthanhugeanddisruptiveprojectsliketheonethatruinedtheAralSea.

“Morethan1billionpeopleworldwidedon’thaveaccesstobasiccleandrinkingwater,”saysGleick.“Therehastobeastrongpushonthepartofeveryone—governmentsandordinarypeople—tomakesurewehavearesourcesofundamentaltolife.”

1.ThatthehugewaterprojectshavedivertedtheriverscausestheAralSeatoshrink.

2.Theconstructionofmassivedamsandirrigationprojectsdoesmoregoodthanharm.

3.Thechiefcausesofwatershortagearepopulationgrowthandwaterpollution.

4.TheproblemsAmericansfaceconcerningwateraregroundwatershrinkageandtapwaterpollution.

5.Accordingtothepassageallwaterpollutantscomefromhouseholdwaste.

6.ThepeoplelivingintheUnitedStateswillnotbefacedwithwatershortages.

7.WaterexpertGleickhascomeupwiththebestsolutiontowater-relatedproblems.

1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]

5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]

8.AccordingtoPeterH.Gleick,bytheyear2025,asmanyasoftheworld’speoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.

9.TwothirdsofthefreshwateronEarthislockedin.

10.Indevelopedcountries,beforetoxicchemicalsarereleasedintoriversandlakes,theyshouldbetreatedinordertoavoid

PartⅣReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.Earlyinthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysthe47（）ofatown.Thisstreetwaslinedonthebothsideswithmany48（）businesses.Here,shopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:

clothing,furniture,hardware,groceries.Inaddition,someshopsoffered49（）.Thereshopsincludeddrugstores,restaurants,shoerepairstores,andbarberorhairdressingshops.Butinthe1950s,achangebeganto50（）place.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreetwhiletoofewparkingplaceswere51（）toshoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowded,merchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspacesoutsidethecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomers52（）.Andopenspaceiswhattheygotwhenthefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcenters,orrathermalls,53（）asacollectionofsmallnewstoresawayfromcrowdedcitycenters.Attractedbyhundredsoffreeparkingspace,customersweredrawnawayfrom54（）areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing55（）ofshoppingcentersledinturntothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.Bythelate1970s,manyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe56（）ofthestopshopping,mallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks,withbenches,fountains,andoutdoorentertainment.

[A]designed[F]convenience[K]cosmetics

[B]take[G]services[L]started

[C]heart[H]fame[M]downtown

[D]needed[I]various[N]available

[E]though[J]popularity[O]cheapness

SectionB

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions