浙江中考英语专项突破训练Test 19.docx
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浙江中考英语专项突破训练Test19
Test19[见学生活页73]
一、完形填空(本题有15小题,每小题1分,共计15分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
话题:
人际交往 体裁:
议论文 难度:
★★★★☆
词数:
281建议用时:
15分钟
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇议论文。
作者认为,批评别人是一种无用且愚蠢的行为,它不但会招致别人的不满和反驳,而且对解决问题没有任何帮助。
作者建议我们更多地去理解别人。
JohnWanamaker,founderofthestoresthatusehisname,oncesaid,“Ilearnedthirtyyearsagothatitisfoolishtocriticize(批评).”
Wanamakerlearnedthislessonearly,__1__Ipersonallyhadtowalkthroughthisoldworldforthirtyyears__2__itevenbegantotellmethatpeopledon't__3__themselvesforanything,nomatterhowwrongitmaybe.
Criticismis__4__becauseitputsapersononthedefensive(防卫的)and__5__makeshimtrytojustify(为……辩护)himself.Criticismisdangerous,becauseitwoundsaperson's__6__,hurtshissenseofimportance,andcauseshate.
B.F.Skinner,theworldfamousscientist,__7__throughhisexperimentsthatananimalrewarded(奖励)forgoodbehaviorwilllearnmuchmore__8__thanananimalpunishedforbadbehavior.Laterstudieshave__9__thatthesameapplies(适用于)tohumans.Bycriticizing,wedonotmakelastingchangesandoftencausehate.
HansSelye,anothergreatscientist,said,“Asmuchaswe__10__forapproval(赞同),wehatecriticism.”
Thehatethatcriticismproducescandiscourageworkers,familymembersandfriends,andstillnot__11__thesituation.
When__12__people,letusrememberwearenotdealingwithcreatures(生物)oflogic.Wearedealingwithcreaturesoffeeling.
Anyfool__13__criticizeandcomplain—andmostfoolsdo.Butit__14__characterandselfcontroltobeunderstandingandforgiving(原谅).
Insteadofcriticizingpeople,let'strytounderstandthem.Let'stryto__15__whytheydowhattheydo.“Toknowallistoforgiveall.”
( C )1.A.soB.or
C.butD.and
【解析】“Wanamaker很早就知道这一人生道理”和“我费了很大劲才懂得这一道理”之间是转折关系,故选C。
( A )2.A.beforeB.after
C.whenD.until
【解析】此处表示“在懂得这一道理之前‘我’的人生已经走过了三十年”,故选A。
( D )3.A.demandB.enjoy
C.hateD.criticize
【解析】根据下文“nomatterhowwrongitmaybe”可知此处表示“人们不会为任何事去批评他们自己”,故选D。
( A )4.A.uselessB.impossible
C.difficultD.necessary
【解析】下文都在论述批评这一做法的危害,由此可知应选A。
( A )5.A.usuallyB.normally
C.completelyD.quietly
【解析】此处表示“批评通常会导致对方为自己辩护”,故选A。
( B )6.A.hopeB.pride
C.dreamD.honour
【解析】此处表示“批评的危害之一就是伤害他人的自尊”,故选B。
( C )7.A.realizedB.allowed
C.provedD.suggested
【解析】根据下文描述动物的表现可知B.F.Skinner是通过实验向人们证明,故选C。
( A )8.A.quicklyB.slowly
C.naturallyD.widely
【解析】根据上文论述批评的危害可推断出受到表扬的动物学东西要更快,故选A。
( B )9.A.advisedB.shown
C.askedD.answered
【解析】根据下文“Bycriticizing,we…oftencausehate.”可知研究表明,这一理论也同样适用于人类。
( C )10.A.makeB.plan
C.lookD.care
【解析】根据后面的“我们讨厌被指责”可知此处表示“我们寻求认同”,与其对应。
故选C。
( A )11.A.correctB.expect
C.discoverD.understand
【解析】此处表示“批评所引起的忿恨会打击人们的积极性,而对于解决问题于事无补”,故选A。
( D )12.A.talkingaboutB.takingoff
C.callingonD.dealingwith
【解析】根据下文“…wearenotdealingwithcreatures(生物)oflogic.”可知选D。
( B )13.A.mayB.can
C.mustD.should
【解析】句意:
任何一个傻瓜都会去批评、谴责和抱怨,事实上很多傻瓜的确也是这么做的。
( A )14.A.takesB.gives
C.offersD.gains
【解析】句意:
然而要去理解和宽容别人却需要好的修养和自控能力。
故选A。
( D )15.A.imagineB.explain
C.decideD.understand
【解析】根据前一句“…let'strytounderstandthem.”可知我们应该努力去理解别人为什么会这么做。
二、阅读理解(本题有15小题,每小题2分,共计30分)
阅读下面四篇短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
话题:
文艺 体裁:
应用文 难度:
★★★☆☆
词数:
312建议用时:
6分钟
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了即将在北京举办的四项文艺活动。
PaintingsofXuBeihong
Over100paintingsbymodernChina'spaintingmasterXuBeihongareonshowattheNationalArtMuseum,includinghisoilandinkwashworks.
Xuisskilledatportrayingbirdsandanimals.HedecidedtocombineWesterntechniqueswithtraditionalChineseart,whichhadabiginfluenceoncontemporaryChineseartists.
Ifyougo:
9:
00am-5:
30pm,throughMar.4(closedonMondays).1WusiAvenue,Dongchengdistrict,Beijing.010-6403-4951.
Ticket:
Free
MusicalfeastforJapaneseanime(动漫)lovers
MusicFansClassicalorchestrawillprovideafeastforJapaneseanimeandmusicloversinBeijingthisweekend,bringingtogethermasterpiecesbycelebratedJapanesecomposerJoeHisaishi,includingmelodiesindirectorHayaoMiyazak'sanimationCastleintheSkyandTheRainindirectorTakeshiKitano'sfilmKikujiro.
Ifyougo:
7:
30pm,Jan.28.BeijingConcertHall,1NorthXinhuaStreet,Xichengdistrict.010-6605-7006.
Ticket:
100-580yuan
OperaFilmCarmen
TheFrenchoperafilmCarmen,directedbyTizianoMancini,willbescreenedinBeijingonSaturday.ItwillbeplayedinFrench,withEnglishandChinesesubtitles(字幕).
BasedonthenovelofthesamenamebyProsperMérimée,CarmenwasthelastworkoffamousFrenchcomposerGeorgesBizet,tellingstoriesoftheworkingclassandordinarypeople.It'salsooneofthemostpopularoperasintheworld.
Ifyougo:
1:
30pm,Dec.23.OperaHouse,NationalCenterforthePerformingArts,2WestChang'anAvenue,Xichengdistrict.010-6655-0000.
Ticket:
60yuan($9)
TheMerchantofVenice
BeijingComedyTheaterwillputonWilliamShakespeare'sclassicTheMerchantofVenicefromDec.15-17.ItwillbeplayedinChinese.
Ifyougo:
7:
30pm,Dec.15-17;2:
30pm,Dec.16.BeijingComedyTheater,11ChaoyangmenNorthStreet,Dongchengdistrict,Beijing.400-610-3721.
Ticket:
100-580yuan
( C )16.What'sspecialaboutXuBeihong?
A.Heonlydrewanimals.
B.Hemainlydrewoilworks.
C.Healsolearnedfromforeigners.
D.HefocusedonChinesepainting.
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第一则广告中的“HedecidedtocombineWesterntechniqueswithtraditionalChineseart…”可知选C。
( B )17.Whatnumbershouldyoucallifyou'reinterestedinmusicfromcartoons?
A.010-6403-4951.
B.010-6605-7006.
C.010-6655-0000.
D.400-610-3721.
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第二则广告的标题可知,该活动是日本动漫音乐专场。
故选B。
( D )18.WhowrotethenovelofCarmen?
A.JoeHisaishi.
B.GeorgesBizet.
C.TizianoMancini.
D.ProsperMérimée.
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第三则广告中的“BasedonthenovelofthesamenamebyProsperMérimée…”可知选D。
B
话题:
科学技术 体裁:
记叙文 难度:
★★★★☆
词数:
280建议用时:
7分钟
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了世界航空史上的两件大事:
第一架飞机的制造和第一次飞越大西洋。
TheFirstAirplane
TheWrightbrothers,
OrvilleandWilbur,grewupinDayton,Ohio.Theywereinterestedinanythingthatflewfromthetimetheywerekids.Theymadepapertoysthattheycalledbats,whichcouldglide(滑翔).
Butin1903,whenWilburwasthirtysixandOrvillewasthirtytwo,theydidsomethingamazing,somethingthatpeoplehaddreamedofdoingforthousandsofyears.Theybuiltthefirstrealairplane—onewithanengine—thatactuallyflewinsteadofglidingonthewind.
Theironeseaterplanewasmadeofwoodandcloth.Itwaseightfeethighandhadwingsthatwentfortyfeetacross.OrvillemadethefirstsuccessfulflightonDecember17,1903,inKittyHawk,NorthCarolina.
Howlongwastheflight?
Onlytwelveseconds.
Andhowfardidtheplanetravel?
Only120feet.Anditwasonlytwentyfeetofftheground.Butitwasthebeginningofawholenewage!
TheFirstFlightAcrosstheAtlantic
OnMay20,1927,ayoungpilotnamedCharlesLindberghsetoutfromLongIslandallbyhimselfinasmall,singleengineplanetocrosstheAtlanticOcean.ItwascalledtheSpiritofSt.Louis.Thetripwasverydangerous.Lindberghhadnoradioorparachute(降落伞).Therewasjustenoughroominthecockpit(座舱)forhimtosit.
InParis,thirtythreehourslater,100,000peoplewerewaitingtogreetCharlesLindbergh.Overnighthebecamethemostfamousmanonearth,asfamousasNeilArmstrongwhowouldbecomealittlemorethanfortyyearslater.
( C )19.Thefirstrealairplanewasbuilt________.
A.whenWilburwas32
B.whenOrvillewas36
C.about115yearsago
D.about125yearsago
【解析】推理计算题。
根据“Butin1903…Theybuiltthefirstrealairplane…”可知莱特兄弟于1903年制造了世界上第一架飞机,距今大约115年。
( D )20.Whatdowelearnaboutthefirstsuccessfulflight?
A.Itlasted20seconds.
B.Theplanetravelled112feet.
C.Itwas30feetofftheground.
D.Itmeantthebeginningofanewage.
【解析】细节理解题。
根据“Butitwasthebeginningofawholenewage!
”可知选D。
( B )21.WhichwordcanbestdescribeCharlesLindbergh?
A.Kind.B.Brave.
C.Friendly.D.Hardworking.
【解析】推理判断题。
根据“Thetripwasverydangerous.”可以推断出CharlesLindbergh是一个非常勇敢和热爱冒险的人,故选B。
( D )22.HowlongdidCharlesLindberghflyintheair?
A.Nearly20hours.
B.Morethan20hours.
C.Nearly30hours.
D.Morethan30hours.
【解析】细节理解题。
根据“InParis,thirtythreehourslater…”可知CharlesLindbergh的这次飞行持续了33个小时,故选D。
C
话题:
科学技术 体裁:
记叙文 难度:
★★★★★
词数:
343建议用时:
7.5分钟
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了世界发明大王爱迪生发明电灯的经历。
Inthelate19thcentury,indoorlightingcamefromcandles,oillamps,orgaslamps.Noneofthemgaveoffenoughlighttodomuchafterdark.Gaslighthadbeenaroundsincetheearly1800s.Butitwasexpensive.Gaslampsmadewallsblackanddirty.Sometimesitssmellcausedheadaches.Gascouldbedangerous,too.Firesmightstart.Still,gaslightwaspopularbecauseitwasthebestlightavailable.
Edisonwasallfireduptoworkonelectriclight.Heknewthatotherpeoplearoundtheworldwereworkingonthistoo.Hewantedtobethefirsttosucceed.Butheknewthatinventingaworkinglightbulb(灯泡)wasn'tenough.Hehadtoinventonethatcouldbesoldatapricepeoplecouldafford.
Nevershyabouttalkingabouthisinventions,Edisonwroteinhisnotebook:
“Theelectriclightisthelightofthefuture,anditwillbemylightunlesssomeotherfellowgetsupabetterone.”
Edisonandhis“boys”settledinforsomelong,hardwork.Sixweekscameandwent.WhataboutthatneighborhoodinNewYork,theoneEdisonsaidhewasgoingtolightup?
Edisonwasstillsearchingfortherightfilament(灯丝).Hetriedsomanymaterials—fishline,bamboo,spiderwebs,eventhehairfromoneofhisworkers'head.
The“boys”kepttestingeverythingtheycouldthinkof—overthreethousandmaterialsinall.Edisonknewthatfindingoutwhatdidnotworkwasasimportantasfindingwhatdid.Ayearandahalfwentby.Nothing.
ButEdisondidnotgiveup,andonedayhehitupontheanswer.Itwassimplesewingthread(缝纫线)coveredincarbon(碳).