实用翻译教程英译汉课堂练习01.docx

实用翻译教程英译汉课堂练习01.docx

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实用翻译教程英译汉课堂练习01

《实用翻译教程》英译汉课堂练习（01）

InMarch1947,theCommuniststoldmeImustleaveYenan.TheywereevacuatingtheirlastcapitalandgoingintothehillswhereIwasunabletogo.MaotoldmeImightreturn“whenweagainhavecontactwiththeworld”.Hethoughtitwouldbeinabouttwoyears.Heunderstated.InlessthanayearImetChienseinPariswhotoldmethetimewasnearformyreturn.“Eventsmovefasterthanwethought.”Bytautumnof1948IwasinMoscowboundforChina.FivemonthsIkeptaskingformySovietexitvisa.Then,justasChinesefriendsarrivedwhomightsecuremyjourney,theRussiansarrestedmeasa“spy”andsentmeoutthroughPoland.FivedaysinjailIwonderedwhatIhadsteppedon.Ineverknew.

SixyearsIlivedinAmerica;noCommunistsintheworldwouldspeaktome.ThenMoscow“rehabilitated”me,bypublishingthatthechargeshadbeen“withoutgrounds”.AgainaninvitationcamefromChina.Thistimeittookthreeyears’legalfighttogetmyAmericanpassport.Ihaditbyspringof1958.Tenyearlate!

Iwas72then,livinginLosAngeleswhereIhadmorefriendsthananywhereelse.Iownedatownhouse,asummerlodgeinthemountains,wwintercabininthedesert,acarandadriver’slicensetotakemyselfabout.Ihadincometoliveonforlife.ShouldIgotoChinanow?

IwenttoMoscowfirst,mysecondhomefornearlythrityyears.Myhusband’srelativesurgedmetostay.“Hereyouhavealwaysahome!

”Iwasmoved.IwasevenmoremovedwhentheWriter’sUnionmademetheirguestandsentmeforamonthtoaRestHomewhiletheygotbackalltherublesIhadlostatthedeportation,andanorderforaMoscowapartmentagina.“WouldIcaretochooseitnow?

”Ithankedthemverysincerelybutsaid:

“BetterwaittillIreturnfromPeking.”

CouldPekinghavethemagicYenanhad?

CouldIadjusttoChineselifeat72?

TwomonthslaterItoldmyChinesefriends:

“Thisisnotacriticismofanyothercountry,neithertheU.S.A.northeU.S.S.R.ButIthinktheChineseknowbetterthananyonethewayforman.Iwanttolearnandwrite.”TheyfoundanapartmentformeinthePeaceCommittee’scompound.

《实用翻译教程》英译汉课堂练习（02）

WhenIreachedtheageoftwelveIlefttheschoolforeverandgotmyfirstfulltimejob,asagrocer’sboy.Ispentmydayscarryingheavyloads,butIenjoyedit.Itwasonlymycapacityforhardworkthatsavedmefromearlydismissal,forIcouldneverstomachspeakingtomy“betters”withthedeferencemyemployerthoughtIshouldassume.

ButthelimitwasreachedonTuesdaymyhalfholiday.OnmywayhomeonthatdayIusedtocarryalargebasketofprovisionstothehomeofmyemployer’ssister-in-law.AsherhousewasonmywayhomeIneverobjectedtothis.

OnthisparticularTuesday,however,justaswewereputtingtheshuttersup,aloadofsmokedhamswasdeliveredattheshop.“Waitaminute,”saidtheboss,andheopenedtheloadandtookoutaham,whichhestartedtoboneandstringup.

Iwaitedingrowingimpatiencetogetonmyway,notforoneminutebutforquiteaconsiderabletime.Itwasnearlyhalf-pasttwowhenthebossfinished.Hethencametomewiththeham,putitinthebasketbesideme,andinstructedmetodeliverittoacustomerwhohaditonorder.

Thismeantgoingalongwayoutofmyroadhome,soIlookedupandsaidtotheboss:

“DoyouknowIfinishattwoonTuesday?

”Ihaveneverseenamanlookmoreastonishedthanhedidthen.“Whatdoyoumean?

”hegasped.ItoldhimImeantthatIwoulddeliverthegroceriesasusual,butnottheham.

HelookedatmeasifIweresomeunusualkindofinsectandburstintoastormofabuse.ButIstoodfirm.Hegavemeupashopelessandtriednewtactics.“Gooutandgotanotherboy,”heyelledatashop-assistant.

“Areyougoingtodeliverthemornot?

”thebossturnedtomeandaskedinathreateningtone.IrepeatedwhatIhadsaidbefore.“Then,outofhere,”heshouted,SoIgotout.

ThiswasthefirsttimeIhadserioustroublewithanemployer.

《实用翻译教程》英译汉课堂练习（03）

Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.

Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnationoranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthefield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.

But,inalargersense,wecannotdedicate—wecannotconsecrate—wecannothallow—thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecratedit,faraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforustheliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus—thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion—thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain—thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom—andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.

《实用翻译教程》英译汉课堂练习（04）

Theytellus,sir,thatweareweak—unabletocopewithsoformidableanadversary.Butwhenshallwebestronger?

Willitbethenextweekorthenextyear?

Willitbewhenwearetotallydisarmed,andwhenaBritishguardshallbestationedineveryhouse?

Shallwegatherstrengthbyirresolutionandinaction?

Shallweacquirethemeansofeffectualresistancebylyingsupinelyonourback,andhuggingthedelusivephantomofhope,untilourenemiesshallhaveboundushandandfoot?

Sir,wearenotweak,ifwemakeaproperuseofthosemeanswhichtheGodofnaturehathplacedinourpower.Threemillionsofpeople,armedintheholycauseoflibertyandinsuchacountryasthatwhichwepossess,areinvinciblebyanyforcewhichourenemycansendagainstus.Besides,sir,weshallnotfightourbattlesalone.ThereisajustGodwhopresidesoverthedestiniesofnotions;andwhowillraiseupfriendstofightourbattlesforus.Thebattle,sir,isnottothestrongalone;itistothevigilant,theactive,thebrave.Besides,sir,wehavenoelection.Ifwewerebaseenoughtodesireit,itisnowtoolatetoretirefromthecontest.Thereisnoretreat,butinsubmissionandslavery!

Ourchainsareforged.TheirclankingmaybeheardontheplainsofBoston!

Thewarisinevitable—andletitcome!

Irepeatit,sir,letitcome!

!

!

Itisinvain,sir,toextenuatethematter.Gentlemenmaycry,peace,peace—butthereisnopeace.Thewarisactuallybegun!

Thenextgalethatsweepsfromthenorthwillbringtoburearstheclashofresoundingarms!

Ourbrethrenarealreadyonthefield!

Whystandwehereidle?

Whatisitthatgentlemenwish?

Whatwouldtheyhave?

Islifesodear,orpeacesosweet,hastobepurchasedatthepriceofchainsandslavery?

Forbidit,AlmightyGod!

Iknownotwhatcourseothersmaytake;butasforme,givemeliberty,orgivemedeath!

《实用翻译教程》英译汉课堂练习（05）

ProverbsarethepopularsayingsthatbrightensomuchLatinAmericantalk,theboiled-downwisdomthatyouareasapttohearfromprofessorsasfrompeasants,frombeggarsasfromelegances.Briefandcolorful,theymoreoftenthannotcarryasting.

Whenaneighbor’sdismallyunattractivedaughterannouncedherengagement,Imeldaremarked,“Youknowwhattheysay,Senora:

‘There’snopotsouglyitcan’tfindalid.’”Andwhenherson-in-lawblusteredabouthowhewasgoingtogetevenwiththebosswhohaddockedhispay,Imeldafixedhimwithacoldeyeandsaid,“Littlefishdoesnoteatbigfish.”

Oneafternoon,IheardImeldaandherdaughterarguinginthekitchen.Herdaughterhadquarreledwithherhusband’sparents,andImeldawasinsistingthatsheapologizedtothem.Herdaughterobjected.“But,Mama,Ijustcan’tswallowthem,notevenwithhoney.Theytalksobiguntilweneedsomething;thenthey’retoopoor.Sotodaywhentheywouldn’tevenlendusenoughtopayforanewbed,allIdidwassaysomethingthatI’veheardyousayahundredtimes:

‘Ifsogrand,whysopoor?

Ifsopoor,whysogrand?

”

“Impertinent!

”snortedImelda.“HaveInotalsotaughtyou,‘Whatthetonguesay,theneckpaysfor’?

IwillnothaveitsaidthatIcouldneverteachmydaughterproperrespectforherelders.Andbeforeyougotobegtheirpardon,changethosetrousersforadress.Youknowhowyourmother-in-lawfeelsaboutpantsonawoman.Shealwayssays,‘Whatwashatchedahenmustnottrytobearooster!

”

Herdaughtermadeonemoretry.“ButMama,youoftensay,‘Ifthesaintisannoyed,don’tpraytohimuntilhegetsoverit.’Can’tIleaveitfortomorrow?

”

“No,noandno!

Remember:

‘Ifthedoseisnasty,swallowitfast.’Youknow,mychild,youdidwrong.But,‘Agiftisthekeytoopenthedoorclosedagainstyou.’IhaveacakeintheoventhatIwasmakingfortheSenora’sdinner,IwillexplaintotheSenora.Now,dear,hurryhomeandmakeyourselfprettyinyourpinkdress.Bythetimeyougetback,Iwillhavethecakereadyforyoutotaketoyourmother-in-law.Shewillbesopleasedthatshemaymakeyourfather-in-lawpayforthebed.Remember:

‘Onehandwashestheother,buttogethertheywashtheface.’”

《实用翻译教程》英译汉课堂练习（06）

Itookhomeabriefcasefulloftroubles.AsIsatdownonthathotandhumidevening,thereseemedtobenosolutionstotheproblemsthrashingaroundinmybrain.SoIpickedup