届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试题解析版.docx
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届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试题解析版
闵行区2019学年度第二学期高三年级质量调研考试
高三英语
考生注意：
1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名和考生号。
I.ListeningComprehensionSectionA
Directions:
InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.
1.A.Acook.B.Adentist.C.Asurgeon.D.Atechnician.
2.A.She’dliketohavethewindowsopen.B.Shelikestohavetheairconditioneron.
C.Theairisheavilypolluted.D.Thewindowsarealwaysopen.
3.A.Artattraction.B.Paintingskills.
C.Furniturequality.D.Roomdecoration.
4.A.Sheappreciatestheman’seffort.B.Shedoesenjoyspicyfood.
C.Sheisannoyedwiththeman.D.Shedoesn’tlikethefoodthemanprepared.
5.A.Theycan’tfitintothemachine.B.Theyweresenttothewrongstress.
C.Theyhaven’tbeendeliveredyet.D.Theywerefoundtobeofthewrongtype.
6.A.Thelongwaitingtime.B.Thebrokendowncomputer.
C.Themistakesinhertelephonebill.D.Thebadtelephoneservice.
7.A.Itsquality.B.ItspriceC.ItsmaterialsD.Itsappearance.
8.A.Walkinthecountryside.B.Dosomeexercise.
C.Goshopping.D.Washsomedresses.
9.A.Heisgoingtovisitaphotostudio.B.Hehasjusthadhispicturetaken.
C.Heisonethewaytothetheatre.D.Hehasjustreturnedfromajobinterview.
10.A.Hedoesn’twantJennytogetintotrouble.
B.Hedoesn’tagreewiththewoman’sremark.
C.HethinksJenny’sworkloadtooheavyatcollege.
D.Hebelievesmostcollegestudentsarerunningwild.
SectionB
Directions:
InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.
Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
11.A.Attendexpertgrowers’lecture.B.Visitfruit-lovigfamilies.
C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard（果园）.D.Tastemanykindsofapples.
12.A.Itisanewvariety.B.Itisthebestvarietyforeatingquality.
C.Itisrarelyseennow.D.Itneedsperfectsoiltogrow.
13A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.
C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.D.ToattractmorepeopletovisitBritain
Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingnews.
14.A.Lackofsleepcouldleadtoheathproblem.
B.Lackofsleepaffectsadultsmorethanchildren.
C.Sleepingproblemsareoneoftheleadingcausesofobesity.
D.Theamountofsleeppeopleneedchangeswithage.
15.A.Lesssleepisneededwhentheyenteradolescence.
B.Ideally,theyneed8hoursofsleepanight.
C.Theymayhavedifficultyinfallingasleepbefore11:
00pm.
D.Theyalwayswakeupatmidnightduetobiologicalchanges.
16.A.Theamountofsleepandacademicperformance.
B.Acomparisonofdifferenttimetostartschool.
C.Students’sleepingtimeandsocialbehaviors.
D.Abeneficialchangeofschoolstartingtime.
Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.
17.A.Extremesports.B.Citylife.
C.Human’spotential.D.Dangerandsafety.
18.A.Theyliketostayisolated.B.Theypreferdangertosafety.
C.Theywanttoknowtheirpotential.D.Theyareboredwiththetraditionalones.
19.A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Neutral.
20.A.Itisinterestingandchallenging.B.Itisdangerousandneedsnoskills.
C.Itenablespeopletofacefears.D.Itonlystimulateindividualism.
II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
AbriefhistoryofChopsticks.
We’vediscussedthestoryofknifeandfork,butthere’sanothersetofutensils（器皿）usedbybillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld—andithasatrulyancientpast.TheChinesehavebeenwieldingchopstickssinceatleast1200B.C.,andbyA.D.500chopsticks___1___（sweep）theAsiancontinentfromVietnamtoJapan.Fromtheirhumblebeginnings___2___cookingutensilstopaper-wrappedbamboosetsatthesushicounter,there'smoretochopsticksthanmeetstheeye.
Chopsticks___3___（develop）about5000yearsagoinChina.The___4___（early）versionswereprobablytwigsusedtogetfoodfromcookingpots.Whenresourcesbecamescare,around400B.C.,craftychefsfiguredout___5___toconservefuelbychoppingfoodintosmallerpiecesthatrequiredlesscookingfuel,andbesides,itcouldbecookedmorequickly.Thisnewmethodofcookingmadeitunnecessarytohaveknivesatthedinnertable—apracticethatalsomatchedthenon-violentteachingsofConfucius（孔子），___6___expressedinoneofhisnumerousquotations:
“thehonorableanduprightmankeepswellawayfromboththeslaughterhouse（屠宰房）andthekitchen.Andheallowsnoknivesonhistable.”Asavegetarian,hebelievedthatknives’sharppointsevoked（诱发）violence___7___（kill）thehappy,contentedmoodthatshouldreignduringmeals.Thanksinparttohisteachings,chopstickusequicklybecamewidespreadthroughoutAsia.
Differentculturesadopteddifferentchopstickstyles.PerhapsinanodtoConfucius,Chinesechopsticksfeaturedabluntratherthanpointedend.InJapan,chopstickswere8incheslongformenand7incheslongforwomen.In1878theJapanesebecamethefirst___8___（create）thenow-ubiquitousdisposableset,typicallymadeofbambooorwood.Wealthydinerscouldeatwithivory,jade,coral,brassoragateversions,whilethemostprivilegedusedsilversets.Itwasbelievedthatthesilverwouldcorrodeandturnblack___9___itcameintocontactwithpoisonedfood.
Throughouthistory,chopstickshaveenjoyedasymbioticrelationshipwithanotherstapleofAsiancuisine:
rice.Atfirstglance,you'dthinkthatricewouldn'tmakethecut,butinAsiamostriceisoftheshort-ormedium-grainvariety.Thestarches（淀粉质食品）inthesericescreateacookedproductthatisgummyandclumpy,unlikethefluffyanddistinctgrainsofWesternlong-grainrice.___10___chopstickscometogethertoliftsteamingbundlesofstickyrice,it'samatchmadeinheaven.
【答案】1.hadswept
2.as3.weredeveloped
4.earliest
5.how6.as
7.killing8.tocreate
9.if/when10.As/Because/Since
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。
文章简单介绍了筷子的历史渊源。
【1题详解】
考查时态。
句意：
截止公元500年，筷子已经传遍了亚洲大陆，从越南到日本。
分析句子可知，这里sweep的动作在一个过去的时间点之前已经完成了，要用过去完成时。
故填hadswept。
【2题详解】
考查介词。
句意：
从作为餐具的简陋的雏形到寿司柜台上纸包竹的套装。
分析句意可知，这里humblebeginnings与cookingutensils所指的含义是相同的，都是筷子最初的形态，要用介词as表示“作为……”。
故填as。
【3题详解】
考查时态和语态。
句意：
大约五千年前筷子在中国被发展起来。
分析句意可知，主语Chopsticks与谓语动词develop之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，且动作发生于过去的时间点，要用一般过去时。
故填weredeveloped。
【4题详解】
考查形容词最高级。
句意：
最早的样子可能是用来从锅具里夹取食物的小树枝。
这里承接上文介绍筷子的起源，应该要介绍最早的筷子形态，要用形容词最高级。
故填earliest。
【5题详解】
考查疑问代词。
句意：
灵巧的厨师想出了通过把食物切成小份从而节省燃料的方法。
这里需要空白处与其后的不定式共同构成宾语，可以用“疑问代词+不定式”结构，相当于名词的作用。
此处给的是一种烹饪方法，要用how表示“如何、怎样”。
故填how。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。
句意：
这样的行为也符合了孔子避免暴力的思想，正如他那句著名的话表达的一样。
这里考虑非限制性定语从句，后句缺少主语，且从句意上看含有“正如、就像”的意思，要用as作关系词。
故填as。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。
句意：
作为一个素食者，他认为刀的尖端会诱发暴力，将本应该在吃饭时拥有的快乐满足的情绪给抹杀掉。
分析句子结构可知，kill作violence的后置定语，且kill与violence之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式。
故填killing。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。
句意：
1878年日本人成为了第一批创造出现在通用的由竹子和木头做成的一次性筷子的人。
分析句子结构可知，这里create作thefirst的后置定语，且thefirst是create的逻辑主语（这些人创造了筷子），要用不定式。
故填tocreate。
【9题详解】
考查状语从句。
句意：
人们认为银接触到有毒的食物会腐蚀变黑。
这里前后句所描述的动作可以视为是同时发生的，可以用when连接作时间状语从句；也可以视作后句动作发生导致前句动作发生，可以用if连接作条件状语从句。
故填if/when。
【10题详解】
考查连词。
句意：
因为筷子合在一起来夹起黏成一团的热腾腾的米饭，所以堪称天作之合。
分析句意可知，前后句呈现的是因果关系，可以用because、since和as三个从属连词来引导原因状语从句。
故填As/Because/Since。
SectionB
Directions:
Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
The“PennyBlack”,thefirstpostagestampissuedinBritainand,moreimportantly,thefirstpostagestampissuedanywhere,___11___theimageofQueenVictoria,butthefirstBritishpostalservicedidn’toriginateinVictoriaEngland.In1860,WilliamDockwrastartedapublicservicethat___12___thequickdeliveryofaletteranywhereinLondon.Hissystemwasquickly___13___withDockwraincharge.Itwasfarfromaperfectsystem,___14___withseeminglyimproperchargesthatmadeitunreasonablyexpensivetosendaletter.Worsestill,recipientswereexpectedtopay.Asyoumightimagine,this___15___someproblems—eitherpeopleweren’thomeorflat—outrefusedtopay.Thesystemjustdidn’twork,butitremainedinplaceforfartoolong.
About50yearslater,todobetter,RollandHillarguedforputtinganendtothepostalchargesandreplacingthemwithasinglenationalrateofonepenny,whichwouldbepaidbythesender.WhenthepostofficeignoredHill’sideas,heself-publishedhisessayanditquicklygained___16___amongthepublic.HillwasthenorderedbyPostmasterGeneralLordLichfieldtodiscusspostalreformand,duringtheirsubsequentmeetings,thetwomenconceivedofagluy___17___thatcouldbeappliedtotheenvelopstoindicatepayment.Thoughithadgainedsupportwiththepublicwholongedforaaffordablywaytoconnectwithdistantfriendsandfamily,officialswerestillnotconvinced.Thankfully,Hillwasfarfromaloneinhispassionforreform.Heeventuallyearnedenoughsupportfromother
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