题型组合训练四解析卷高考英语考前特训.docx
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题型组合训练四解析卷高考英语考前特训
高考英语考前特训30天
考前第11天题型组合训练（四）
限时
45分钟
【阅读理解】
A
（2021·河北衡水市·衡水中学高三二模）Ashocking53.6milliontonsofelectronicwastewerediscarded（丢弃）lastyear,anewUN-backedreporthasrevealed.Thereportshowsthate-wasteisup21%fromfiveyearsago.Thisisn'tsurprising,consideringhowmanymorepeopleareadoptingnewtechnologyandupdatingdevicesregularlytohavethelatestversions,butthereportalsoshowsthatnationalcollectionandrecyclingstrategiesarenowhereclosetomatchingconsumptionrates.
E-wastecontainsmaterialsincludingcopper（铜）,iron,goldandsilver,whichthereportgivesaconservativevalueof$57billion.Butmostarethrownawayorburnedratherthanbeingcollectedforrecycling.Preciousmetalsinwasteareestimatedtobeworth$14billion,butonly$4billion-worthisrecoveredatthemoment.
Whilethenumberofcountrieswithnationale-wastepolicieshasgrownfrom61to78since2014,thereislittleencouragementtoobeyandamere17%ofcollecteditemsarerecycled.Ifrecyclingdoesoccur,it'softenunderdangerousconditions,suchasburningcircuitboardstorecovercopper,which"releaseshighlypoisonousmetals"andharmsthehealthofworkers.
ThereportfoundthatAsiahasthehighestamountsofwasteoverall,producing24.9millionmetrictons（MMT）,followedbyEuropeat12MMT,Africaat2.9MMT,andOceaniaat0.7MMT.
Butwhoseresponsibilityisit?
Aregovernmentsinchargeofsettingupcollectionandrecyclingpoints,orshouldcompaniesberesponsibleforrecyclingthegoodstheyproduce?
Itgoesbothways.Companiesdoneedtobeheldaccountablebygovernmentregulationsandhaveincentivestodesignproductsthatareeasilyrepaired.Atthesametime,governmentsneedtomakeiteasyforcitizenstoaccesscollectionpointsanddealwiththeirbrokenelectronicsinaconvenientway.Otherwise,theymayturntotheeasiestoption-thelandfill.
1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?
A．Whate-wasterefersto.B．Wheree-wasteiscollected.
C．Whye-wasteisincreasingrapidly.D．Howmanykindse-wasteincludes.
2．Whatdothestatisticsinparagraph2show?
A．Thefunctionsofpolicies.B．Thegreatdamagetoenvironment.
C．Thechangeofconsumptionrates.D．Theurgencyofrecoveringe-waste.
3．Whatistheproblemwithrecyclinge-wasteatpresent?
A．Itdoesharmtotheworkers'health.B．Itlacksnationalpolicysupport.
C．Ithardlymakesprofits.D．Ittakestoomuchtime.
4．Howshouldtheproblembesolvedaccordingtothepassage?
A．Newtechnologyshouldbeusedtoupdateolddevices.
B．Governmentsandcompaniesshouldtakeresponsibilities.
C．Non-poisonousmetalshadbetterbeusedine-device.
D．Citizensmustplayakeyroleinrecyclinge-waste.
【答案】
1．C2．D3．A4．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了电子垃圾的回收问题。
【详解】
1.推理判断题。
由第一段最后一句“Thisisn'tsurprising,consideringhowmanymorepeopleareadoptingnewtechnologyandupdatingdevicesregularlytohavethelatestversions,butthereportalsoshowsthatnationalcollectionandrecyclingstrategiesarenowhereclosetomatchingconsumptionrates.”（这并不奇怪，考虑到有多少人正在采用新技术和定期更新设备以获得最新版本，但报告还显示，国家收集和回收战略远远不能达到与消费率相匹配的水平。
）可知，越来越多的人使用电子产品，且电子产品的回收策略与消费速率不匹配，这就导致了电子垃圾的数量飞速增长。
选项C与文意一致，故选C。
2.推理判断题。
根据第二段“E-wastecontainsmaterialsincludingcopper（铜）,iron,goldandsilver,whichthereportgivesaconservativevalueof$57billion.Butmostarethrownawayorburnedratherthanbeingcollectedforrecycling.Preciousmetalsinwasteareestimatedtobeworth$14billion,butonly$4billion-worthisrecoveredatthemoment.”（电子垃圾含有铜、铁、金和银等物质，报告给出的保守价值为570亿美元。
但是大多数都被扔掉或者烧掉了，而不是被收集起来再循环利用。
废物中的贵金属估计价值140亿美元，但目前只回收了价值40亿美元的贵金属。
）通过数字对比可知，目前电子垃圾中有用材料的回收利用率还很低，浪费严重。
所以第2段的统计数字显示了回收电子垃圾的紧迫性，故选D。
3.细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句“Ifrecyclingdoesoccur,it'softenunderdangerousconditions,suchasburningcircuitboardstorecovercopper,which"releaseshighlypoisonousmetals"andharmsthehealthofworkers.”（如果循环利用真的发生了，这个过程通常是在危险的条件下进行的，比如燃烧电路板回收铜，这会释放出剧毒金属，危害工人的健康。
）可知，在电子产品的回收过程中会产生有害物质危害工人的健康。
选项A与文意一致，故选A。
4.细节理解题。
根据最后一段中“Aregovernmentsinchargeofsettingupcollectionandrecyclingpoints,orshouldcompaniesberesponsibleforrecyclingthegoodstheyproduce?
Itgoesbothways.”（是政府负责设立回收点，还是公司负责回收他们生产的产品？
两种方法都要用。
）可知，政府和公司都应该承担责任，故选B。
B
（2021·湖南长沙市·雅礼中学高三一模）Theworld'sfirsthydrogen-poweredtrainshavebegunrunninginGermany.TheybegancarryingpassengersMondayinGermany'snorthernLowerSaxonystate.Thenewtrainwillrun100-kilometertripsandcantravelupto140kilometersanhour.
AFrenchrailroadcompanycalledAlstombuiltthetwotrains.TeaminGermanyandFrancecooperatedontheproject,whichwassupportedbytheGermangovernment.Thenewtrainmodel,calledtheCoradiailint,signalsthebeginningofeffortsinGermanyandothernationstomoveawayfrompollution-producingdiesel（柴油）trains.
TheCoradiaiLintisdesignedtorunonnon-electrifiedtrainlineswithlowlevelsofnoise.
Itusesaprocessthatcombineshydrogenandoxygentoproduceelectricalpower.Ifthesystemproducesmoreenergythanthetrainneedsatthattime,itcanstoretheextraenergyinbatteries.Theonlyemissions（排放物）arewaterandsteam.
AsingletankofhydrogencanrunaCoradiaiLinttrainforabout1,000kilometers.Thisisverysimilartothedistanceadiesel-poweredtraincanrunonwithasingletank.
Hydrogen-poweredtrainscostmorethandieseltrainstobuild.ButAlstomofficialssaytheoperatingcostsaremuchlower.Thecompanyplanstoprovideanother14CoradiaiLinttrainstoLowerSaxonyby2021.
Theheadofrailroadoperationsinthearea,CarmenSchwab,praisedreplacingdieseltrainswithhydrogen.Shesaidthemovewasanimportantfirststepinusingclean-burningtechnologiestoreachclimateprotectiongoals.
Officialssaythearea'smanywindturbines（涡轮机）willproducepartoftheenergytocreatethehydrogentopowerthetrains.
AlstomsaysseveralotherEuropeancountrieshavealsoexpressedinterestindevelopinghydrogentrainsystems.Francehasalreadysaiditwantsitsfirsthydrogentraintobeoperatingby2022.
5．WhydidGermanybuildthenewtrains?
A．Toreplacedieseltrains.B．Tocarrymorepassengers.
C．Tomaketravelingmucheasier.D．TodevelopfriendshipwithFrance.
6．WhatisoneadvantageoftheCoradiaiLint?
A．Itrunswithoutmakinganynoise.B．Itdoesn'tuseelectricalpower.
C．Itcostsmuchlesstorun.D．Itischeapertomakeit.
7．Itcanbeconcludedthathydrogentrains________.
A．arewidelyusedB．areenvironmentallyfriendly
C．canstopairpollutionD．canproducewaterandoxygen
8．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?
A．SavingNaturalResourcesB．EffortstoReduceEmissions
C．World'sFirstHydrogenTrainsD．ANewWaytoMakeElectricity
【答案】
5．A6．C7．B8．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型的氢动力火车。
5．细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“Thenewtrainmodel,calledtheCoradiailint,signalsthebeginningofeffortsinGermanyandothernationstomoveawayfrompollution-producingdiesel（柴油）trains.（这种名为Coradiailint的新型火车标志着德国和其他国家开始努力摆脱污染排放的柴油火车。
）”可知，建造新型火车的目的是取代产生污染的柴油列车,故选A。
6．细节理解题。
根据第六段中的ButAlstomofficialssaytheoperatingcostsaremuchlower.（但阿尔斯通管理人士表示，运营成本要低得多。
）可知，氢动力火车的运行成本比较低，故选C。
7．细节理解题。
根据第四段最后一句Theonlyemissions（排放物）arewaterandsteam.（唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽。
）可知，新的氢动力火车其唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽，所以是环保的，故选B。
8．主旨大意题。
根据文章第一段Theworld'sfirsthydrogen-poweredtrainshavebegunrunninginGermany.TheybegancarryingpassengersMondayinGermany'snorthernLowerSaxonystate.Thenewtrainwillrun100-kilometertripsandcantravelupto140kilometersanhour.（世界上第一辆氢动力火车在德国开始运行。
他们星期一开始在德国北部的下萨克森州运送乘客。
新列车将运行100公里，最高时速可达140公里。
）一句本文主要介绍的是世界上第一辆新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特点，故选C。
【完形填空】
（2021·四川达州市·高三一模）FouryearsagoRitaGaviolawasabeggarinasmallPhilippinetown.Nowsheworksasafashion9，starringonTVshowsand10manyInstagramfollowers.Itallstartedwitha（n）11photo.
Backin2016,shewas12onthestreetsofLucban.Herfatherwasagarbagecollectorandhermotherahousewife.Thefamily13managedtoputfoodonthetable,soRitaoftenwentouttoaskfor14orfooddonations.
OnedayaphotographerTopherBurgoshappenedtobeattractedbyher15beauty.Hechangedthegirl's16completelybypostingthephotosofherontheInternet,optionallywithasingle17clickofthe'upload'button.
Oneofthephotosbecameahitimmediately,withpeoplepraisingher18ofnature.Shewasnicknamed“BadjaoGirl"and19severalFilipinobeautyqueens,whodidtheirbesttohelpthegirl20.Thenshebegantomodelforvariousclothingbrandsand21smallrolesinTVseries.Allthehype（炒作）aroundBadjaoGirlalsohelpedher22anonlineaudience,including23fromabroad,someofwhomhelpedherfamilyfinancially.In2018,Rita24aYouTubevideoshowcasingherfamily'snewhouseandthankingaloyalUSfanfor25theconstruction.
Eventhoughthehypehas26,sheremainsverypopularonFilipinosocialmediathroughherownefforts.RitaisseenasproofthatCinderella-likestoriesare27inreal-life.InRita'scase,allittookwasaphotoandher28intherightplace,attherighttime.
9．A．sellerB．designerC．modelD．guide
10．A．gainsB．handlesC．resemblesD．challenges
11．A．oldB．randomC．bigD．special
12．A．runningB．singingC．playingD．begging
13．A．barelyB．nearlyC．finallyD．regularly
14．A．attentionB．adviceC．moneyD．work
15．A．artificialB．naturalC．potentialD．classic
16．A．nameB．lifeC．identityD．figure
17．A．cautiousB．longC．silentD．light
18．A．loveB．virtueC．beautyD．sense
19．A．attractedB．cheatedC．calledD．visited
20．A．ontheInternetB．outofpovertyC．awayfromhomeD．withhereducation
21．A．createdB．practicedC．servedD．played
22．A．joinB．trainC．buildD．organize
23．A．fansB．starsC．touristsD．bosses
24．A．recordedB．watchedC．re
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