医学英语词根表docdeflate.docx

医学英语词根表docdeflate.docx

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医学英语词根表docdeflate

Chapter2formationofmedicalterminology

（1）

hereisatableofthemostcommonlyusedprefixes

prefix

meaning

example

a-/an-

without;not

aphasia[əˋfeiziə]:

theinabilitytounderstandwrittenorspokenwordsortospeakmeaningfully失语症

ab-

awayfrom

abortion[əˋbɔːʃn]:

expulsion[ɪk'spʌlʃn]fromtheuterus[ˋjuːtərəs]（子宫）

流产

ad-

to;toward;near

adnasal[ædˈneizəl]:

nearthenose近鼻的

acro-

apointortip

acronyx:

growingintotheflesh嵌甲

alb-

white

albino [ælˋbiːnəu]:

apersonlackingnormalpigmentation（色素沉着，着色）[ˏpiɡmənˋteiʃən]白化病人,白化体

amb-/

ambi-

both

ambisexual [ˏæmbiˋseksjuəl]、bisexual[baiˋseksjuəl]:

（person）whoissexuallyattractedtobothmalesandfamales两性的,雌雄同体的

两性兼有行为

amphi-/

ampho-

both;bothsides

amphicentric [ˏæmfiˋsentrik]:

beginningandendinginthesamevessel起止同源的

ana-

up;backagain

anabolism[əˋnæbəlizm]:

processofbuildingupcomplexchemicalsubstancesonthebasisofsimplerones合成代谢，组成代谢

angio-

abloodvessel

angioma[ændʒiˋəumə]:

benigntumorformedofbloodvessel血管瘤

ante-

before

antenatal [ˏæntiˋneitl]:

duringtheperiodbetweenconceptionandchildbirth出生前的，产前的

anti-

against

antidepressant[ˏæntidiˋpresənt]:

（drug）usedtotreatdepression抗抑郁剂

audi-

hearing;sound

audiometry[ˏɔːdiˋɔmitri]:

scienceoftestinghearing听力测验法，测听法

auto-

self

autoantibody [ˏɔːtəuˋæntiˏbɔdi]:

antibodyformedtoattackthebody’sowncells自身抗体

bi-

two;twice

bicellular[baiˋseljulə]:

twocells两细胞的

bio-

livingorganisms生命体

biochemistry[ˏbaiəuˋkemistri]:

chemistrylivingtissues生物化学

brady-

slow

bradycardia[ˏbrædiˋkɑːdiə]:

slowrateofheartcontraction,shownbyaslowpulserate心动过缓，心搏徐缓

carcin-

carcinoma[ˏkɑːsiˋnəumə]orcancer癌；瘤

carcinogen [ˋkɑːsinədʒen]:

acancer-causingsubstance致癌物，致癌原

cata-

downwards;under;against;

alongwith

cataract[ˋkætərækt]:

conditionwherethelens（晶状体）oftheeyegraduallybecomeshardandopaque（不透明的，不透光的）[əuˋpeik]

白内障

centi-

onehundredth百分之一

centimeter:

unitofmeasurementoflength（=onehundredthofameter）厘米

co（n）-

withortogether

consanguineous [ˏkɔnsæŋˋɡwiniəs]:

bloodrelationship血亲的，同血缘的

contra-

against

contraception[ˏkɔntrəˋsepʃn]:

preventionofpregnancybyusingdevicesordrugs避孕，节育

de-

removalorloss

decaffeinated/diːˈkæfɪneɪtɪd/:

（coffee）withthecaffeineremoved脱去咖啡因的

deca-

ten

decagram[ˋdekəɡræm]:

tengrams十克

deci-

tenth

deciliter [ˋdesiˏliːtə]:

unitofmeasurementofliquid（=onetenthofalittle）1/10公升

di-

two

diglossia[ˏdaiˋɡlɔsiə]:

adoubletongue使用两种语言

dia-

through;between;apart;across

diathermy [ˋdaiəˏθəːmi]:

processof（treating）throughheat

透热疗法，,电热疗法,透热法

dis-

reversalorseparate

disintegrate[disˈintigreit]:

tocometopieces分解，分解，蜕变

dys-

bad;difficult;disordered

dysarthrosis[ˏdisɑːˋθrəusis]:

deformity[diˋfɔːmiti]（变形，畸形）ormalformation [ˏmælfɔːˋmeiʃən]（变形，畸形）ofajoint

关节变形，构音障碍

echo-

sound

echocardiography[ˏekəuˏkɑːdiˋɔɡrəfi]:

ultrasonography [ˏʌltrəsəˋnɔɡrəfi]（超声波检查法,超声波扫描术）oftheheart

超声心动描记术

ect-/

ecto-

outsideorouter

ecchondroma[ˏekɔnˋdrəumə]:

benigntumoronthesurfaceofcartilage（软骨）[ˋkɑːtilidʒ]orbone外生软骨瘤

en-

in;within

enostosis [ˏenɔsˋtəusis]:

benigngrowthinsideabone内生骨疣

endo-

inside

endocardium [ˏendəuˋkɑːdiəm]:

membranewhichlinestheheart心内膜

epi-

on;over

epidermis:

outerlayerofskin表皮

ery-

red

erythrocyte [iˋriθrəusait]:

maturenon-nucleatedredbloodcell红细胞，红血球

eso-

inward;within（向内）

esotropia [ˏesəuˋtrəupiə]:

turninginwardoftheeye内斜视

eu-

good

eugenics[juːˋdʒeniks]:

studyofhowtoimprovethehumanracebygeneticselection优生学

ex-/exo-

outof

exhale[eks'heɪl]:

tobreathout呼出，排放

extra-

outside

extracapsular [ˏekstrəˋkæpsjulə]:

outsideacapsule [ˋkæpsjuːl]（胶囊，囊，被膜）

关节囊外的，囊外的

hemi-

half

hemiplegia [ˏhemiˋpliːdʒiə]:

severeparalysisaffectingonesideofthebody偏瘫,半身不遂

hydro-

water

hydrocele[ˋhaidrəsiːl]:

collectionofwateryliquidfoundinacavitysuchasthescrotum（肾囊,阴囊）[ˋskrəutəm]

水囊肿,阴囊水囊肿,睾丸鞘膜积液

hyper-

higherortoomuch

hyperglycaemia[ˌhʌɪpəglʌɪˈsiːmɪə]:

excessofglucose[ˋɡluːkəus]（葡萄糖）intheblood高血糖症

hypo-

lessortoolittle

hypokalaemia[ˌhaipəkəˈli:

miə]:

deficiencyofpotassium（钾）[pəˋtæsjəm]intheblood低血钾

in-

inorinto

inbreeding ['inbri:

diŋ]:

breedingbetweenacloselyrelatedmaleandfemale近亲交配

in-

not

incoherent[ˏinkəuˋhiərənt]:

notabletospeakinawaywhichmakessense不连贯的

infra-

beloworbeneath

infrapatellar [ˏinfrəpəˋtelə]:

beloworbeneaththepatella[pə'telə]（膝盖骨;膝节;髌骨）

髌下的

inter-

between

interlobular [ˏintəˋlɔbjulə]:

betweenlobules（小叶的） ['lɑbjuːl/'lɒb-]小叶间的

intra-

inside

intramedullary[ˏintrəmeˋdʌləri]:

insidethebonemarrow [ˋmærəu]（髓）orspinalcord（脊髓）髓内的

itro-

into

introvert[ˌintrəuˈvə:

t]:

personwhothinksonlyabouthimselfandhisownmentalstate内向性格者

mal-

badorabnormal

malfunction:

abnormalworkingofanargan机能障碍，机能不良

meta-

changes

metaplasia [ˏmetəˋpleizjə]:

changeofonetissuetoanother

化生，转化，组织变形

micro-

verysmall

microcyte[ˋmaikrəsait]:

abnormallysmallredbloodcell小红细胞

mid-

middle

midcarpal [midˋdɑːpl]:

betweenthetworowsofcarpal（腕骨的，腕骨）['kɑ:

pəl]bones

腕骨间的

milli-

onethousandth

milligram['mɪlɪgræm]:

unitofmeasurementofweight毫克

mis-

errororwrong

miscarriage[mis'kæridʒ]:

spontaneousabortion流产

multi-

many

multigravida[mʌlti'grævidə]:

awomanwhoispregnantandhasbeenpregnantatleasttwicebefore经产孕妇

noct-

atnight

nocturia[nɔk'tjuəriə]:

passingabnormallylargequantityofurinewhenasleepinbedatnight夜尿症

nona-

nineorthenineth

nonagon[ˈnɔnəɡən]:

flatshapewhichhasninesides九边形

octa-

eight

octan ['ɔktən]:

everyeightdays每八日出现的发热,每八日再发的

odont-

teeth

odontology [ˏɔdɔnˋtɔlədʒi]:

studyofteethandassociatedstructures,andtheirdisorders

牙科学

onco-

tumours

oncology[ɔŋˋkɔlədʒi]:

scientificstudyofnewgowths肿瘤学

oro-

mouth

orolingual[ˏɔːrəuˋliŋɡwəl]:

pertainingtothemouthandtongue口舌的

pachy-

thickening

pachysomia:

conditionwheresofttissuesofthebodybecomeabnormallythick躯体肥厚

pali-/

palin-

against;pathologicrepetition病态的重复

palindromic [ˏpælinˋdrəmik]:

（disease）whichrecurs

复发的，再发的

pan-/pant-/

panto-

all

pancytopenia [ˏpænsaitəuˋpiːniə]:

abnormaldepressionofallthecellularelementsoftheblood全血细胞减少症

para-

similartoornear;changedorbeyond

paralyseorparalyze:

toweaken（muscles）sothattheycannotfunction使麻痹，使瘫痪

pen-/

penta-

five

pentosuria[ˏpentəuˋsjuəriə]:

excretion[eks'kri:

ʃən]（排泄）ofpentoses（戊糖（类）,五碳糖（类））intheurine

戊糖尿

per-

through

percutaneous [ˏpəːkju（ː）ˋteinjəs]:

doneoradministeredthroughtheskin经皮的

peri-

around

pericystitis[ˏperisisˋtaitis]:

inflammationoftissuearoundthebladder膀胱周炎

pero-

deformedordefective畸形有缺陷的

peromelia[ˏpiːrəuˋmiːliə]:

congenitaldeformityofthelimbs

四肢不全

pharmaco-

drugs

pharmacology [ˏfɑːməˋkɔlədʒi]:

studyofdrugsormedicines,andtheiraction,propertiesandcharacteristics药理学，药物学

pleo-/

pleio-

toomany

pleokaryocyte[ˏpli（ː）əˋkæriəsait]:

conditionwhereagreaterthannormalnumberofcellsincerebrospinal（脑脊髓的）[ˏseribrəuˋspainl]fluid多核细胞

pluri-

more

pluriglandular[ˏpluəriˋɡlændjulə]:

pertainingtooraffectingseveralglands多腺性的

pneum-/

pneunmo-

airorthelungs;breathing

pneumonia[nju:

'məunjə]:

inflammationofalung

肺炎

poly-

touchingmanyorgans

polyphagia [ˏpɔliˋfeidʒiə]:

conditionwhereapatienteatstoomuch;morbiddesireforeverykingoffood贪食症，杂食

post-

afterorlater

postprandial[pəust'prændiəl]:

afterameal餐后的

pre-

beforeofinfrontof

premature:

earlyorbeforethenormaltime早产儿,早期的

presby-

oldage

presbyopia [.prezbi'əupiə]:

anoldperson’ssightfailsgradually老花眼，远视眼

pro-/

supin-/

pron-

beforeorinfrontof

lyingontheback

bendforward

prognosis [prɔg'nəusis]:

predictionoftheoutcomeofadisease预测；预后

quadri-/

quint-

four

five/fifth

quadruplet[ˋkwɔdruplit]orquad:

oneoffourbabiesborntoamotheratthesametime四胎儿,四联体

radio-

rayorradiation

radiotherapy [reidiəu'θerəpi]:

treatingadiseasebyexposingtheaffectedparttoradioactive（放射性的）[ˏreidiəuˋæktiv]放射线疗法，放射疗法

semi-

half

semiptosis ['semi'ptəusis]:

thedownwardsaggingofhalforpartofanorgan轻度睑下垂

sub-

under

submucous [sʌbˋmjuːkəs]:

underthemucous[ˈmjuːkəs]（粘液的）membrane粘膜下的

super-

above;extremely

superalbuminosis:

abnormalincreaseofalbumin（白蛋白，清蛋白）[ælˋbjuːmin]

白蛋白过多

syn-

with;joint

syndesmosis[ˏsindezˋməusis]:

jointwheretheonesaretightlylinkedbyligaments（韧带）['lɪgəmənt]韧带联合，韧带连结

supra-

above;over

suprarenal[su:

pə'ri:

nəl]:

（situated）aboveakidney肾上腺，肾上的

tachy-

fast

tachycardia[.tæki'kɑ:

diə]:

rapidbeatingoftheheart心动过速

tetra-

four

tetracycline[.tetrə'saiklin]antibioticusedtotreatawiderangeofbacterial（细菌的，细菌引起的）[bæk'tiriəl]diseases

四环素

trans-

across;through;beyond

transmission[trænzˋmiʃən]:

thetransfer,asofadisease,fromonepersontoanother传播，传递

tri-

three

tricephalus:

afetuswiththreeheads三头畸胎

ultra-

beyond;excess

ultrasonics[ˏʌltrəˋsɔniks]:

thesciencedealingwithultrasonic（超声波的）[ˏʌltrəˋsɔnik]soundwaves超声波学，超声学

uni-

one

uniglandular[ˏjuːniˋɡlændjulə]:

affectingonlyonegland单腺的

xen（o）-

strange;foreign

xenograft[ˋzenəɡrɑːft]:

agraftoftissuetransplantbetweenanimalsofdifferentspecies异种移植物，异种移植

Chapter3formationofmedicalterminology

（2）

Hereisalistofcommonlyusedsimplesuffixes.

suffix

meaning

example

-ac

pertainingto

属于，附属，关于

cardiac:

[ˋkɑːdiæk]pertainingtotheheart

心脏（病）的

-al

pertainingto

medical:

pertainingtomedicine

-ar

pertainingto

molecular[məuˋlekjulə]:

pertainingtoamolecule

分子的

-ary

pertainingto

belongingto

ciliary[ˋsiliəri]:

pertainingtothecilia [ˋsiliə]（纤毛，睫毛）

睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-ase

en