MagooshGRE单词记忆 co词缀高级词.docx
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MagooshGRE单词记忆co词缀高级词
GREVocabularyWednesday:
WordstokeepyouCo-mpany
Thereissuchaprofusionof‘c’wordsintheGRElexiconthatIcouldnotmakeupmymindwhichtochoose.So,Ihadtonarrowthescopebyaddinganotherletter:
‘o’.Eventhen,therearesomany‘co-‘wordsthatitwasn’teasy!
Below,arealistofwordsthatbeginwith‘co’-,somecommon(collusionandconcomitant)andsomenotsocommon(cognoscentiandcoterie).
Collusion
Thiswordmightevokesmashingglass,butwearenottalkingaboutacollision.Collusionmeanscollaboration,usuallyforsomedeviousend.Agoodsynonymforcollusionisconspiracy.TheGRE,however,won’tusecollusion—andit’sverbformcollude—inthefollowingsense:
Thecriminalscolludedintryingtotakedownthegovernment.
Thisisofcourseaperfectlyacceptableusage.However,theGREtendstoemploythewordinamoreacademiccontext:
Concomitant
Thingsareusuallycloselytiedtogether,sothatisdifficultforonethingtohappenwithoutanothercloselyfollowing.Forinstance,whenyougetacoldthereisoftenanaccompanyingheadache.Or,ifyouareusingMagoosh,oftentimestheremaybeaccompanyingwebbrowsing,asyoumightcheck—especiallyafteralongpassage—thenewsoryouremail.Theaccompanyingheadacheandthewebbrowsingcanbesaidtobeconcomitant:
theyaccompany—butdonotnecessarilycause—somethingelse.
Concomitantwiththeincreaseincrimehasbeenadropinthenumberofpeoplewhowalkoutsideatnight.
Coterie
Haveanoddhobby?
Don’twanttofeelalone?
Well,youcanlookonlineandfindpeoplewhosharethissameinterest.NowyoucanspendFridayeveningswithothersreading,say,Chaucer.Inotherwords,younowhaveamedievalreadingcoterie.Acoterie—asmallgroupwithsimilarinterestsorbackgrounds—doesn’thavetorelatetosomeesoterichobby.Forinstance,asanewparent,I’vefoundthatmycoteriehascometoconsistofothernewparents.Iguesstherearefewbetterwaystobondthansharingdiaperhorrorstories.
Cognoscenti
Anythingfromgolftogardeningtherearethosewho’vecultivatedadeepinterestandknowledgeofthesubject.Wecallthesepeoplecognoscenti(collectively),orcognoscente(ifwearereferringtojustone). Allofushavesomefieldinwhichwedevelopedaninterest.Now,insteadofcallingyourselfanexpert,youcanthinkofyourselfascognoscente.
Corollary
Acorollaryisanaturalconsequenceofsomething.AsacorollaryofGREprep,you’veprobablydevelopedaprettyimpressivevocabulary.OthercorollariesofpreppingfortheGREincludeincreasedattentionspan,facilitywithnumbers,and,onthenegativeside,eyestrain.
GREVocabWednesday:
AdvancedGREWords
MuchoftheGRErequiresyoutoknowhowtouserelativelystraightforwardwordsindense,convolutedsentences.ThenthereistheotherpartoftheGREinwhichthesentencesareevenmoreconvoluted,andthewordsmuchmoredifficult.Thatisnottosaythatthewordsbelowwouldn’tshowupinthefirstverbalsection—whichismedium—thoughyouaremorelikelytoseetheminthedifficultsection.
Probity
Nope,probitydoesnotmeanprobably.Itactuallymeanshonesty.Ifsomeoneisknownforhisorherprobity,thatpersonhashighmoralstandardsandcanbetrusted.
Vitiate
Justfromthesoundofthiswordyouknowitcan’tbegood.Vitiate—whichispronounced“VISH-i-ate”—doesn’tmeanvicious.Itmeanstocorruptorlessentheeffectivenessofsomething.SomewouldarguethatpartisanpoliticshasvitiatedthehealthyfunctioningoftheU.S.government.Manywouldarguethatbadwritingultimatelyvitiatesalotoftelevisionseriesthatcometorelyonincreasinglyimplausibleplotturnsastheirseasonslumberon.
Aplomb
Thiswordsoundslike“aplum”–thoughyoucan’tpickitfromatree.Ifyouarecoolunderpressure,notlettingevenatryingsituationruffleyourfeathers,youhandlelife’slemonswithaplomb.Aracecardrivertakingaturnat120km/hr(70mph)betterhaveaaplomborhe’llgrabthewheelinfrightandgospinningofftheroad.Andtestday,whenyougetalongreadingpassagethatseemsinscrutableatfirstglance,youwillhandleitwithaplomb,breathingdeeplyandrememberingyourreadingcomprehensionstrategies
Subterfuge
Atsomepoint,wehavealltriedtoevadedetectionorpulledsomeelaboraterusetogetwhatwewant.Suchbehaviorcanaccuratelybedescribedassubterfuge.Maybeyouarehavingasurprisebirthdayforyoursignificantother.Inothertonotletthecatoutofthebirthdaybag,youhavetoengageinsubterfuge:
youmuststallandmakeupexcusesforwhyyouarenotdrivinghomesooner,andyoumustmakeupfakeplanswithpeople,alljusttomakesurethatthemomentofsurpriseiscompletelyunexpected.Thisexampleisoneofbenignsubterfuge;oftentimesapersonengagesinsubterfugeforsomenefariousend.
Clandestine
Clandestineissimilartosubterfuge.Itdoesnotdescribedissemblingforapurposeasmuchasitdescribesthesecretivenessinvolvedinsomeillicitactivity.Duringthereignofcommunismmanycitizenshadtohaveclandestinemeetingslesttheauthoritieswouldinevitablyconcludethatanymeetingofmorethantwopeoplewasasignofsedition.Atthattime,ontheothersideoftheironcurtain,theUnitedStatesC.I.Ahadaclandestineservicesbranch,whichwasinvolvedinspying.TheclandestinebranchoftheC.I.A.isstilintact,soifyouwanttobeaspy,youknowwheretoapply.
Captious
Receivingconstructivecriticismisgreat—itcanhelpyoubecomebetteratwhateveritisyouaretryingtolearn.Somebodywhoiscaptious,ontheotherhand,isonlyouttofindfault.Acaptiousinstructorwillcriticizeeverylittlethingyoudo.
GREVocabWednesday:
ScienceWords
Don’tworry!
I’mnotgoingtothrowmitochondria,parallax,orspectroscopyatyou.WordsthatareonlyusedinascientificcontextandhavenotacquiredamoregeneralmeaninghavenoplaceonGREVocab Wednesday. Thewordsbelow—whileoriginallyfromscience—alsohaveamoregeneralmeaningthatyouneedtoknowfortheGRE.
Cathartic
Acatharticisanythingthatfunctionsasalaxative(inotherwords,amedicinethathelpsyoupurgeyourbowels).I’msurethiswouldmakeforquiteacolorfulTextCompletion,buttheonlydefinitionofcathartictheGREwilltestisanythingthatcleansesorpurifiesyou.Aweekcampinginthemountainscanbecathartic,asitclearsbothyourheadandyourlungs.Sharinganxietiesandstressinyourlifewithaclosefriendareallcathartic.Thenounform catharsis isalsoanimportantGREword.
Caustic
Everspill“chemical-ly”stuffonyourskin?
Maybecleaningfluid,disinfectantorthelike?
Well,thereasonsuchfluidstingsistheliquidiscorrosiveandburns.Anotherword,inthiscontext,forcorrosiveiscaustic.Causticcanalsodescribeanycommentthatisreallynastyandsarcastic.Acausticremark,figurativelyspeaking,islikelytogetunderyourskin.
Empirical
Empiricalhasnothingtodowithempire,butisactuallyderivedfromaGreekwordmeaningexperience.Anythingthatyoucanexperienceorobservefallsundertherealmoftheempirical.Thatwhichisempiricalisoppositetothatwhichistheoretical.
Forinstance,ifIsaytheorizeabouthowstudentspreparefortheGRE,Icancomeupwithmanylikelyscenarios(theyusebooks,theyuseMagoosh!
theywalkintothetestcoldturkey)butallofthisisconjectureunlessIfindsomewaytomeasurehowstudentsactuallywentaboutpreparingfortheexam.IfETS,ontheotherhand,collectsthisdatabyaskingeachapplicanthowheorshepreparedfortheexam,thenwewillhaveanumericalbreakdownofhowstudentswentaboutpreppingforthetest.Thiswayofgatheringinformationisempirical.
Paradigm
Howaspecificfieldofstudyviewstheworldiscalledaparadigm.Before,Einsteintheprevailingparadigminsciencedidnotaccountforthebendingoftime.AfterEinsteintheparadigmshiftedtoaquantumworld,inwhichaparticleisboththereandnotthere,dependingontheobserver.
Theaboveshowsthatparadigmschange(orshift,asthephilosopherofscienceThomasKuhn,theorizedinthe1960’s,aninsightthatitselfledtoaparadigmshift).Oneshift—inasense—isthatparadigmcanalsomeananymodelorgeneralpattern,adefinitionthatisequallylikelytobetested.
Scintillating
Whenphotonsandparticlesarebouncedoffeachothertheyscintillate,oremitabriefspark.Somehowthisbriefsparksparkedtheconnectionthatwhenpeopleareengagedinahighlyfascinatingtalk,theirconversationgivesoffsparks.Conversationisn’ttheonlythingthatcanbescintillating;brilliantpeople,especiallywhentheyaretalkingathighspeedsaboutreconditesubjects(suchasphotonsandsparks)arescintillating.
GREVocabularyWednesday:
“G”Words
NotefromMargarette:
We’readaylatethisweek,sorry!
Soit’stechnicallyaVocabThursday
.Also,itisChrisLele’sbirthdaytoday!
Therearen’ttoomanyGREwordsthatbeginwith‘G’.Beyondgarrulousandgregarious,weoftentimeshavedifficultthinkingofanyothers.Nonetheless,therearestillsomehigh-frequency‘G’REwords.
Gratuitous
Iknowwhatyou’reprobablythinking:
Thisrelatestotherestaurantbill.Andthat’sjustwhattheGREwantsyoutothink.Gratuitous,however,hasnothingtodowithgratuity—orthetipyoupayonarestaurantbill.Gratuitousmeansuncalledforgiventhesituation.Ifyouarehangingoutwithyourfriends,andyousuddenlystartdroppingGREwordsintotheconversation,theywillprobablyfindthatgratuitous.Orifsomebodyfornogoodreason(maybejustsotheycansoundcool),hisorherprofanityisgratuitous.
Gambit
Gambitsoundslike“gamble”,andindeedthereisanelement