跨文化交际期末考问题及答案.pptx

跨文化交际期末考问题及答案.pptx

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Whatisinterculturalcommunication?

Whathaveyoulearnedfromthisclass?

3.InterculturalCommunication,Samovar&PorterInterculturalcommunicationiscommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.interculturalcommunicationreferstoanycommunicationbetweentwomembersofanyculturalcommunities.,InternationalcommunicationInterracialcommunicationInterethniccommunicationIntraculturalcommunication,FormsofInterculturalCommunication,4.ElementsofInterculturalCommunication,Perceptions（beliefs,values,attitudes,worldviews,socialorganizations）Verbalprocesses（thewaysinwhichculturesemploysymbolstoportraythingsandexperiences）Nonverbalprocesses（sharethoughtsandfeelingsbywayofbodilybehavior,timeandspace）Contextualelements（business,educationandhealthcare,tourismandpersonalrelationships）,Wecanusesomeexamplesaboutthefilm“guasha”whichwesawintheclassroomtoillustratethat：

1.HowdidChineseandAmericanperceiveParentsbeatingtheirownchilddifferently?

Chinese：

ToshowrespecttotheotherorgivethefacetotheotherAmerican：

Illegalasthechildabuse,Warmup,2.WhatisagoodfriendinChineseandAmericanculture?

Chinese：

BeloyaltoeachotherandneverbetrayeventolieAmerican：

Behonestandconstructiveandhelpful,Warmup,3.HowdidSunwukonginAJourneytotheWestrepresentthetraditionalChinesevaluesandethics?

Chinese：

Warmhearted,compassionate,perseverantAmerican：

Bad-tempered,violent,Warmup,WhenpeoplefacethesamethingindifferentcountrieshavedifferentreactionsAyoungladysminiskirtwasaccidentallytornopenbyayoungman.Wecandecidewheretheycomefromaccordingtotheirresponsestothisincident.,Warmup,Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomanboweddownandsaidinatendervoice:

sorry,itisallmyfault.Itisallthebadqualityofmyskirt.IamsorryforthetroubleIhavebroughttoyou.,JapanJapanese,Over-courtesyandmale-dominated,Warmup,Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomangavehimaname-cardandsaid:

“Thisismylawyersphonenumber.Hewilltalkwithyouaboutyoursexharassment.Seeyouinthecourt.”,AmericaAmerican,Aplacewherelawtalks!

Warmup,Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomancoveredthetornpartoftheskirtwithanewspaperinhandandshylysaid:

“Sir,canyousendmehome?

Itisnotveryfarfromhere.”Thentheyoungmanputhiscoatonthegirlandcalledataxitosendherhome.,EnglandEnglishman,Gentleandconservative,Warmup,Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomangurgledandputherhandonthemansshoulder:

“Sir,ifyoudonotmind,youcanbuymearedrosetoshowyourapology.”Thenthemanboughtheraroseandtheywenttoahoteltogethertostudymoreabouttheskirt.,FranceFrench,Friendlyandromantic,thedifferencesbetweenverbalcommunicationandnon-verbalcommunication,Boththeverbalandnonverbalarethemostpowerfulmeansofcommunication.buttherearealotdifferencesbetweenthem.Usuallywemakeourselvesunderstoodbyusingdifferentlanguage.butifwemeetsomeonewhocantunderstandourmeaningweonlycanuseourbodylanguage.Itisveryusefulbecauseitcanhelpyoumakeyourselfeasilyunderstood.Inotherwords,bodylanguageisntlimitedwithNationalboundaries.Althoughwemaynotrealizeitwhenwetalkwithotherswemakeourselvesunderstoodnotonlybywords.Bodylanguageisusedespeciallytoexpressfeelings.Thisisusuallydescribedasgivingoutdoublemessages-onemessageinwordsandanoppositemessageinbodylanguage.Itisalsodifficulttolieorcoverupourfeelingsthroughbodylanguage.Wesendmessagestothepeoplearoundusalsobyexpressionsandbodymovements.,Researchhasshownthatmostpeoplepaymoreattentionto,andbelievemorereadily,theirimpressionofhowapersonactsthroughbodylanguagethanwhatissaidthroughwords.Asaconsequencewetendtodoubt,orputaquestionmarkbehind,thespokenwordsiftheydonotcorrespondwiththelanguageofthebody.Thedifferencebetweennon-verbalandverbalcommunicationisyouuseyourbodytocommunicatethings,however,withverbalcommunicationyoujustuseyourvoicetocommunicatethingstootherpeople.,Verbalcommunication,althoughwesometimesthinkofitasonlyspokenlanguage,bymanypeoplesdefinitionoftenincludesmorethanthat.ItencompassesOralcommunication（whichisthetermmoreoftenusedforspokencommunication）,includingthingslikerate,volume,pitch,articulation,andpronunciation.Itcanalsoincludesignlanguage,visualcommunication,andwrittencommunication.althoughsometimestheseotherthingsarelistedseparately,dependingonwhoisdefiningtheterms.,Nonverbalcommunicationincludesthoseimportantbutunspokensignalsthatindividualsexhibit,specifically:

bodylanguage（encompassingcarriage/posture,appearance,listening,eyecontact）,handgestures,andfacialexpressions.Non-verbalcommunicationmakesupthemajorityofthecommunicationthatweengageis,althoughitisntalwaysconscious.Averygoodexampleis:

Amancomeshomelate,hearsfromthekitchentheslammingofpotsandpansandcupboarddoors.Heentersthekitchen,askshiswifeWhatswrong,honey?

Sheanswers,Nothing!

assheslamsanothercupboarddoorandrollshereyestowardtheceiling.ShehasspokenthewordNothing,butitisherunspokencommunicationthattellshimthatnothingisnottherealanswer.Itisclearlycommunicatedbyheractions.Atrulyeffectivecommunicatorwilltrainhimorherselfinnonverbalcommunicationaswellasothertypes.,FormsofCommunication,1.Verbalcommunication:

whichincludes:

a）Oralcommunicationsuchastalkingtooneself,dialogue,discussionbetweentwopeople,telephonecalls.b）Visualcommunicationsuchasmaps,graphic,trafficsignals,advertisementetc.c）Writtencommunicationsuchasmemos,lettersreports,papers.d）Electronicwhichiscommunicationfacilitatedbyaninterfacewithacomputer,modem,telephonefax,E-mailetc.2.Non-verbalcommunication:

Suchasbodymovementfacialexpressionandvoiceetc.,NonVerbalCommunication,Thesenderhasatleastfourmainsetsofphysicalnonverbalcues:

face,eyes,body,andvoice.a）Thefaceincludesfrowning,smilingandgrimacing/makingface.b）Theeyescansignalbydirectionofgaze.c）Thebodyoffersposturepositionsofarmsandlegsanddistancing.d）Voiceincludestoneandspeechrhythm.,KindsofNon-VerbalLanguage,1.Languageoffacialexpression2.Languageofeyecontact3.Languageofposture4.Languageofvoice5.Languageofapparel/attire6.Languageofcolor7.Languageofodor8.Languageoftime9.Languageofspace,AccordingtotheHofstedesmodel,howdoescollectivismaffectJapaneselife?

Hofstedethinkthatcultureisinanenvironmentofpeoplescommonpsychologicalprocess,isnotanindividualcharacteristics,butwiththesameeducationandlifeexperienceofalotofpeoplehaveincommonpsychologicalprocedures.Differentgroups,regionsorcountriesofthisprogramaredifferences.Theseculturaldifferencescanbedividedintofourdimensions:

powerdistance,uncertaintyavoidanceindex,individualismversuscollectivismandmasculineversusfeminality.,Grouporientedsociety：

atightlyknitsocialframework;individualscanexpecttheirrelatives,orotheringrouptolookafterthem.（WeCultureorI-lessCulture）Onthecollectivistside,wefindsocietiesinwhichpeoplefrombirthonwardsareintegratedintostrong,cohesivein-groups,Collectivismreferstoacombinationofclosesocialorganizations,whichtendtowithinagroupandoutsidegroupstodistinguish,theyexpectagroupwithinthestafftotakecareof,butalsotothecommunitytomaintainabsoluteloyaltyinreturn.Wecanfindmanyexamplesinourdailylife,whichstressgroupbehaviorssuchas（Weal）（bewellpopular）（goodforallages）（theproductisgoodforall,soitisindeedgood）（thecustomersalloverthecountrysatisfy.）.,Japanisadvocatingcollectivismsociety,thestaffhasanattachmenttotheorganization,shouldbeeasytobuildaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenemployeesandmanagers.Japaneseregardthesakuraastheembodimentofspring.Sakurablossomswellanditmeansthatthisyearisaharvestyear.Inaddition,itismoreimportantthatwhensakurablossoms,itsflowersisroundandcluster,insinuatingJapanesecollectivism.,Japaneseisnotanaturalcollectivismadvocates.Theirbehaviorisaproductofthetraining.Fromprimaryschoolage,mostchildrenwilljointheclubsthatschoolsorganize,suchassports,music,painting,etc.Here,ratherthantrainedbytheprofessionalskills,theyarenurturedbycollectivism,Fortheschoolandstudents,communityactivityismoreimportantthanschoolsinformallearning.Ifachildispopularinthecommunity,heorshewillberespected,andevenfeeltheburningeyesoftheoppositesexchildren.,InJapanesecompanies,collectivismmeansloyaltytothecompanyandinternalunityandcooperation.Enterprisenotonlyiseveryonescommunityofinterests,butalsoasymbolofhisidentityandsocialstatus.Thecompanyislikea“home”,andtheleaderisthe“home”parents.Theymustbeprestigiousandtakecareofthefeelingsofsubordinates.,InJapan,communicatingwithpeople,thefirsttobeconsideredisthegroupwhichhebelongsto,followedbyhispersonalprofessionalidentity.Ifyouhavenogroup,youwillhavenosocialstatus.Aslongasyouareloyaltothecompany,youranyneedswillbemet,andanyproblemcanberesolvedthroughthecompany.Japaneseworkersarediligent,willingtoworkovertime.Evenduringthefinancialcrisis,employeesarewillingtooffertheirownmoneytohelpthecompanycrossoverthestorm.,Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenchineseeducationsystemandwesterneducationsystem,Thebasicissueofeducationiswhatkindofpeoplewewanttocultivatetobe,andhowtocultivatethem.Theconceptofvalue,purposeofeduc