北京大学考博英语2doc.docx
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北京大学考博英语2doc
北京大学考博英语-2
（总分：
70.00，做题时间：
90分钟）
一、{{B}}PartOneListen（总题数：
20，分数：
10.00）
1.______quiterecently,mostmothersinBritaindidnottakepaidworkoutsidethehome.（分数：
0.50）
A.Until
B.Before
C.From
D.Since
2.______theclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight,itissomewhatsurprisinghowrelativelysmalltheGermaneconomyactuallyis.（分数：
0.50）
A.Togive
B.Given
C.Giving
D.Havinggiven
3.Thechildrenprefercampinginthemountains______anindooractivity.（分数：
0.50）
A.to
B.than
C.for
D.with
4.Theroomisso______withfurniturethatitishardtomoveabout.（分数：
0.50）
A.muddled
B.cluttered
C.distributed
D.scattered
5.IaskedmymotherifIcouldgoout,andshe______.（分数：
0.50）
A.descended
B.contented
C.consented
D.ascended
6.______allourkindnesstohelpher,Sararefusedtolisten.（分数：
0.50）
A.At
B.In
C.For
D.on
7.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused______ateforhislecture.（分数：
0.50）
A.tohavestudents
B.forstudents'being
C.forstudentstobe
D.tostudents'being
8.You'vebeentalkingwithDavidalleveningwhenyououghttobe______withotherguests.（分数：
0.50）
A.blending
B.integrating
C.mingling
D.incorporating
9.It'snouse______menottoworry.（分数：
0.50）
A.youtell
B.yourtelling
C.foryoutohavetold
D.havingtold
10.Ifyouwanttogototheconcert,you'llhavetomakea______,ortherewillbenotickets.（分数：
0.50）
A.reservation
B.punctuality
C.compliment
D.clarity
11.Sometimeschildrenhavetrouble______factfromfictionandmaybelievethatsuchthingsactuallyexist.（分数：
0.50）
A.toseparate
B.separating
C.forseparating
D.ofseparating
12.Iarriveatnineo'clock,teachuntiltwelvethirtyandthenhaveameal;thatismymorning______.（分数：
0.50）
A.habit
B.custom
C.practice
D.routine
13.Notonly______uslight,butalsoitgivesusheat（分数：
0.50）
A.thesungives
B.thesundoesgive
C.givesthesun
D.doesthesungive
14.David______hiscompany'ssuccesstotheunityofallthestaffandtheirperseveringhardwork.（分数：
0.50）
A.attributed
B.contributed
C.acknowledged
D.pledged
15.Some______goodluckbroughtusnothingbuttrouble.（分数：
0.50）
A.seemingly
B.satisfactorily
C.uniformly
D.universally
16.Can'tyouspeakmore______toyourparents?
（分数：
0.50）
A.respectably
B.respectingly
C.respectively
D.respectfully
17.oncethe______contradictionisgrasped,allproblemswillbereadilysolved.（分数：
0.50）
A.principle
B.principal
C.potential
D.primitive
18.______oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.（分数：
0.50）
A.Tobefree
B.Tofree
C.Freeing
D.Freed
19.______enoughtimeandmoney,theresearcherswouldhavebeenabletodiscovermoreinthisfield.（分数：
0.50）
A.Giving
B.Togive
C.Given
D.Beinggiven
20.onthefirstdaywhenapupilentersschool,heisaskedto______totheschoolrules.（分数：
0.50）
A.concede
B.conform
C.comply
D.confront
二、{{B}}ParThreeReadi（总题数：
4，分数：
15.00）
{{B}}Ⅰ{{/B}}
Eachofthepassagesisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion
Genetherapyandgene-baseddrugsaretwowayswecouldbenefitfromourgrowingmasteryofgeneticscience.Buttherewillbeothersaswell.Hereisoneoftheremarkabletherapiesonthecuttingedgeofgeneticresearchthatcouldmaketheirwayintomainstreammedicineinthecomingyears.
Whileit'struethatjustabouteverycellinthebodyhastheinstructionstomakeacompletehuman,mostofthoseinstructionsareinactivated,andwithgoodreasonrthelastthingyouwantforyourbraincellsistostartchurningoutstomachacidoryournosetoturnintoakidney.Theonlytimecellstrulyhavethepotentialtoturnintoanyandallbodypartsisveryearlyinapregnancy,Whenso-calledstemcellshaven'tbeguntospecialize.
Yetthisuntappedpotentialcouldbeaterrificboontomedicine.Mostdiseasesinvolvethedeathofhealthycells-braincellsinAlzheimer's,cardiaccellsinheartdisease,pancreaticcellsindiabetes,tonameafewffdoctorscouldisolatestemcells,thendirecttheirgrowth,theymightbeabletofurnishpatientswithhealthyreplacementtissue.
Itwasincrediblydifficult,butlastfallscientistsattheUniversityofWisconsinmanagedtoisolatestemcellsandgetthemtogrowintoneural,gut,muscleandbonecells.Theprocessstillcan'tbecontrolled,andmayhaveunforeseenlimitations;butifeffortstounderstandandmasterstem-celldevelopmentprovesuccessful,doctorswillhaveatherapeutictoolofincrediblepower.
Thesameappliestocloning,whichisreallyjusttheothersideofthecoin;truecloning,asfirstshownwiththesheepDollytwoyearsago,involvestakingadevelopedcellandreactivatingthegenomewithin,resettingitsdevelopmentalinstructionstoapristinestate.Oncethathappens,therejuvenatedcellcandevelopintoafull-fledgedanimal,geneticallyidenticaltoitsparent.
Foragriculture,inwhichpurelyphysicalcharacteristicslikemilkproductioninacoworlowfatinahoghaverealmarketvalue,biologicalcarboncopiescouldbecomeroutinewithinafewyears.ThispastyearscientistshavedoneformiceandcowswhatIanWilmutdidforDolly,andothercreaturesareboundtojointheclonedmenagerieinthecomingyear.
Humancloning,ontheotherhand,maybetechnicallyfeasiblebutlegallyandemotionallymoredifficult.Still,onedayitwillhappen.Theabilitytoresetbodycellstoapristine,undevelopedstatecouldgivedoctorsexactlythesameadvantagestheywouldgetfromstemcells:
thepotentialtomakehealthybodytissuesofallsorts,andthustocuredisease.Thatcouldprovetobeatrue"miraclecure".
（分数：
4.00）
（1）.Thewriterholdsthatthepotentialtomakehealthybodytissueswill______.（分数：
1.00）
A.aggravatemoralissuesofhumancloning.
B.bringgreatbenefitstohumanbeings.
C.helpscientistsdecodebodyinstructions.
D.involveemployingsurgicalinstruments.
（2）.Theword"rejuvenated"（Para.5）mostprobablymeans______.（分数：
1.00）
A.modified.
B.re-collected.
C.classified.
D.reactivated.
（3）.TheresearchattheUniversityofWisconsinismentionedtoshow______.（分数：
1.00）
A.theisolationofstemcells.
B.theeffectsofgenetherapies.
C.theadvantagesofhumancloning.
D.thelimitationsoftissuereplacements.
（4）.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
（分数：
1.00）
A.Theprincipleofgenetherapyisapplicabletothatofcloning.
B.Theisolationofstemcellsistoodifficulttobefeasible.
C.Itisreasonableforallbodyinstructionstobeactivated.
D.Clonedanimalswilleventuallytakecontroloftheworld.
Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.
Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,"torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.
Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitariansocieties,ourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheory;butthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversity,butjustbecauseourisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth--avisionaboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroy'formedtheGreeks.onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolations,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness--inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.
（分数：
3.00）
（1）.Intheeyesoftheauthor,thegreatesttroublewiththeUSsocietymayliein______（分数：
1.00）
A.thenon-existenceofconsensusontheformsofthesocietyshouldtake.
B.thelackofdivergenceoverthecommonorganizationsofsociallife.
C.thenon-acceptanceofasocietybasedonindividualdiversity.
D.thepervasivedistresscausedbynationalmoraledecline.
（2）.TheasocialpersonalityofAmericans
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