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FunctionPointCountingPracticesManualRelease4.3InternationalFunctionPointUsersGroup（IFPUG）FunctionPointCountingPracticesManualRelease4.3Chairperson,CountingPracticesCommitteeAdriTimpEquensSE,Netherlandscpcifpug.org2009IFPUG.AllRightsReserved.InternationalFunctionPointUsersGroup,2009.MembersofIFPUGmayreproduceportionsofthisdocumentwithintheirinternalcountingpracticesmanuals.Ifportionsofthisdocumentareused,thefollowingtextmustappearonthetitlepageofthederivativedocument:

ThisdocumentcontainsmaterialthathasbeenextractedfromtheIFPUGCountingPracticesManual.ItisreproducedinthisdocumentwithpermissionofIFPUG.ISBN978-0-9753783-3-5Release4.3,January2010ThisreleasereplacesRelease4.2.1,whichisnowobsolete.Changesaremadeperiodicallytotheinformationwithin.CountingPracticesCommitteeBonnieS.Brown,EDSanHPCompanyRoyceEdwards,SoftwareCompositionTechnologiesE.JayFischer,JRFConsulting,Inc.DavidGarmus,TheDavidConsultingGroupJanetRussac,SoftwareMeasurementExpertise,Inc.AdriTimp,EquensSE,NetherlandsPeterThomas,SteriaForinformationaboutadditionalcopiesofthismanual,contactIFPUG191ClarksvilleRoadPrincetonJunction,NJ08550U.S.A.（609）799-4900E-mail:

ifpugifpug.orgWeb:

http:

/www.ifpug.orgTheIFPUGFSMmethodasreflectedinthismanualfindsitorigininCPM4.0,releasedin1990.ManyindividualshaveservedasmembersontheCPCovertheyears,andtheysharpenedeachothersvisionandinsightthroughnumerousandcomplexdiscussionsaboutthemethodology.Thankstothecontributionofallofthecurrentandpastmembers,themethodhasevolvedtothecurrentISOFSMstandard.TheCPMisanaccumulationofthecontributionsofallwhohaveservedontheCPC.TheCPChasbeenblessedaswellbythesupportandcontributionofourCountingStandardsDirectors,includingCarolDekkers,BruceRogoraandMaryBradley,andtheeffortbyCarolDekkersinadvancingbothISOdocumentsthroughtheprocesstogainapproval.IFPUGextendsourappreciationtoallcurrentandpastCPCmembers,CountingStandardsDirectorsandISORepresentatives.CurrentandPastCPCMembersAllanAlbrecht,FPAFounderKimAlbee（CPM4.0）MaartenBarth（CPM4.0）AndyBelden（CPM4.0）AngelaBenton（CPM4.1）MaryBradley（CPM4.0,CPM4.1,PastChair）BonnieBrown（CPM4.2,CPM4.3,ViceChair）KevinChinoy（CPM4.1）Jean-MarcDesharnais（CPM4.0）RobDonnellan（CPM4.0）IanDrummond（CPM4.0）MartinDSouza（CPM4.2,CPM4.3）BoydEdmiston（CPM4.0）RoyceEdwards（CPM4.3）PeterFagg（CPM4.1）JayFischer（CPM4.2,CPM4.3）SeanFurey（CPM4.1）SteveGalea（CPM4.1）BarbaraGardner（CPM4.0）DavidGarmus（CPM4.0,CPM4.1,CPM4.2,CPM4.3）JimGlorie（CPM4.1,CPM4.2）PaulGoodman（CPM4.0）PhilHain（CPM4.0）DavidHerron（CPM4.0）SteveHone（CPM4.2）BobHuckaby（PastChair）ValerieMarthaler（CPM4.1,CPM4.2,CPM4.3,PastChair）FrankMazzucco（CPM4.0）PamMorris（CPM4.0,CPM4.1,CPM4.2）JolijnOnvlee（CPM4.0,CPM4.1）BrucePaynter（CPM4.2）DavePhillips（CPM4.1）BenPorter（CPM4.0,PastChair）RobinRagland（CPM4.0,CPM4.1,PastChair）RogerRoy（CPM4.0）EberhardRudolph（CPM4.0）GrantRule（CPM4.1）PastCPCMembers（cont.）BillRumpf（CPM4.0）JanetRussac（CPM4.3）MichaelSchooneveldt（CPM4.0,CPM4.1）LindaSmith（CPM4.0,PastChair）JackSprouls（CPM4.0）DenisSt.Pierre（CPM4.0,CPM4.1）PeterThomas（CPM4.3）KoniThompson（CPM4.1,CPM4.2）AdriTimp（CPM4.1,CPM4.2,CPM4.3,Chair）TonyTiongson（CPM4.0）StephenTreble（CPM4.1）EddyvanVliet（CPM4.1,CPM4.2,CPM4.3）TerryVogt（CPM4.2）GaryWalker（CPM4.0,CPM4.1）EwaWasylkowski（CPM4.0,CPM4.1）Thispageintentionallyleftblank.January2010FunctionPointCountingPracticesManualiTableofContentsPrefaceIntroductiontotheCountingPracticesManualiiiviiPart1FSMForwordIntroductionChapter1Chapter2Chapter3Chapter4Chapter5AnnexAScope.NormativeReferences.TermsandDefinitions.AbbreviatedTerms.MeasurementProcess.iiii11188A-1Part2TheBridge-ApplyingtheIFPUGFunctionalSizeMeasurementMethodChapter1Chapter2Chapter3Chapter4Chapter5Chapter6Chapter7IndexIntroduction.IFPUGFSMMethodOverview.GatherAvailableInformation.DetermineTypeofCount.DetermineCountingScopeandApplicationBoundariesMeasureDataFunctions.MeasureTransactionalFunctions.1-12-13-14-15-16-17-1i-1TableofContentsiiFunctionPointCountingPracticesManualJanuary2010Part3CountingPracticesIntroductionChapter1Chapter2Chapter3Chapter4Chapter5IndexCodeData.LogicalFiles.SharedData.EnhancementProjectsandMaintenanceActivities.DataConversionActivity.1-11-32-13-14-15-1i-1Part4ExamplesIntroductionChapter1Chapter2IndexDataFunctionCountingExamples.TransactionalFunctionCountingExamples.1-11-32-1i-1Part5AppendicesandGlossaryAppendixAAppendixBAppendixCGlossaryFunctionalSizeCalculationTable.TheChangefromPriorVersion.AdjustedFunctionalSize.A-1B-1C-1G-1January2010FunctionPointCountingPracticesManualiiiPrefaceIntroductionTheuseoffunctionpoints,asameasureofthefunctionalsizeofsoftware,hasgrowninthepastdecadefromafewinterestedorganizationstoanimpressivelistoforganizationsworldwide.IBMCIS&AGuidelines313Inthelate1970s,AllanAlbrechtofIBMdefinedtheconceptsthatenabledmeasuringtheoutputofsoftwaredevelopmentprojects.ThesedefinitionswereextendedinIBMCIS&AGuideline313,AD/MProductivityMeasurementandEstimateValidation,datedNovember1,1984.Release2.0Withthegrowthintheuseoffunctionpoints,therewaswiderandwiderapplicationofthemeasure.Thisbroadeningoftheapplicationtestedtheoriginaldescriptionofthemeasureandmadeitnecessarytocreateguidelinestointerprettheoriginalrulesinnewenvironments.ThiswasreflectedinRelease2.0（April1988）oftheInternationalFunctionPointUsersGroup（IFPUG）FunctionPointCountingPracticesManual.Release3.0Release3.0（April1990）oftheIFPUGFunctionPointCountingPracticesManualwasamajormilestoneintheevolutionoffunctionalsizemeasurement.Forthefirsttime,theIFPUGCountingPracticesCommitteemadeanefforttochangethedocumentfromacollectionofmanyinterpretationsoftherulestoatrulycoherentdocumentthatrepresentedaconsensusviewoftherulesoffunctionpointcounting.Inthissense,itwasthefirststeptotrulyestablishingstandardsforfunctionpointmeasurementwhichcouldbeappliedacrossorganizations.PrefaceivFunctionPointCountingPracticesManualJanuary2010Release4.0Release4.0（January1994）wasthenextmilestoneintheevolutionoffunctionalsizemeasurement.Thisreleasereflectedtheuseoffunctionpointsearlyinprojectdevelopmenttoestimateprojectsizeusinginformationengineeringdisciplines.Therapidlyincreasingnumberofgraphicaluserinterface（GUI）windowsapplicationsmandatedthatweincludeGUIcountingintherelease.Becausemorecountingwasoccurringacrossawidervarietyofsituations,thereleaseplacedanemphasisoninterpretingandpracticingusingthecountingrules.Exampleswereincludedthroughoutthedocumentationandcasestudiessupplementedthematerial.Finally,release4.0continuedtoclarifyandincreasetheconsistencyoffunctionpointcounting.Release4.1Release4.1（January1999）providedclarificationstoexistingrules,neworamendedruleswhichaddresspreviouslyundocumentedsituationsandnewhintsandexamplestoaidunderstanding.TheIFPUGCountingPracticesCommitteehasreviewedandprocessedrequestsfrommembers,followingtheManualRevisionProcesscontainedinChapter1ofthismanual.Therevisionsincludedin4.1clarify:

theidentificationofauser,anelementaryprocess,andcontrolinformationthedifferentiationbetweenExternalOutputs（EOs）andExternalInquiries（EQs）theidentificationofDataElementTypes（DETs）andRecordElementTypes（RETs）fordatafunctionstheidentificationofDataElementTypes（DETs）fortransactionalfunctionsRelease4.1continuestheprocessofclarifyingandimprovingtheconsistencyoffunctionpointcounting.Finally,withtheexceptionofthe14GeneralSystemsCharacteristics,itwasdesignedtobecompliantwithexistingISOstandardsifandwhenanycomplianceguidebecomesastandard.Release4.1.1Release4.1.1（April2000）correctedasmallnumberoftyposanderrors.PrefaceJanuary2010FunctionPointCountingPracticesManualvRelease4.2Release4.2（January2004）doesnotmodifyanypreviouslypromulgatedrules,butitprovidesclarificationandenhancedinterpretationsforexistingrulesthatwillfurtherincreaseinter-counterconsistency.TheIFPUGfunctionpointanalysis（FPA）processandrulesareconciseandeasytouse.Toreflectthat,andtomaketheCountingPracticesManual（CPM）evenmoreattractiveasareferencemanual,theCountingPracticesCommittee（CPC）decidedtorestructureCPM4.2intofourparts:

1.ProcessandRules2.CountingPractices3.Examples4.AppendicesToassistworldwidepractitionersofFPAinatimelymanner,theCPCinitiallypublishedtheresultsofitsresearchasseparatepublications,addendumstotheCPM:

CountingLogicalFiles（September2001）FPAinanEnhancementEnvironment（April2002）CountingCodeData（September2003）CountingSharedData（September2003）ThesedocumentshavenowbeenincorporatedaschaptersinPart2oftheCPM.TheCPCbelievesthatCPM4.2,withitsaddedguidelinesandexampleswillensuremoreconsistentresultsbetweenCertifiedFunctionPointSpecialists.Release4.2.1Release4.2.1（January2005）Correctedasmallnumberoftypographicalerrors.Release4.3TheIFPUGfunctionpointanalysis（FPA）processandrulesareconciseandeasytouse.Toreflectthat,andtomaketheCountingPracticesManual（CPM）evenmoreattractiveasareferencemanual,theCountingPracticesCommittee（CPC）restructuredCPM4.3tocomplywithISOformattingStandards.Besidesthat,release4.3containsminor