高考英语语法专题复习.docx
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高考英语语法专题复习
2016届高考英语语法专题复习
第一章冠词
一．基础知识梳理
1.不定冠词a/an的几种特殊用法：
（1）BeforeIgotoworkeverymorning,I’vealightbreakfast.
（2）ThetrafficaccidenthappenedonaSundaytowardstheendofJuly.
（3）Howimportantitistolearnasecondlanguage.
（4）Hisincomeisonethousandyuanamonth.
（5）I’vevisitedtheGreatWallagoodmanytimes.
（6）Oursportsmeetwasasuccess/afailure.
（7）It’sagreatpleasure/anhonortohaveatalkwithyou.
（8）Thetwoboysareofanage.
（9）onlyafew;alittle;alotof;abit;acoupleof;aknowledgeof;anunderstandingof;acollectionof;astudyof;aworldof;abrightfuture;aredsun;afullmoon;alengthofonemeter;awasteoftime;allofasudden;asamatteroffact;inahurry;inaword;haveagoodtime;dosb.afavor;payavisittosb.asarule;asaresult;asawhole;inadayortwo;inaway;ofasize;goonadiet;haveawordwithsb.;haveahappylife;haveagiftforsth.;makealiving;take（a）pridein;takeagreatinterestin;takeawalk/break/bath/seat;agreatdealof;beapity;haveacold/headache/fever/rest;manya;catchacold;withasmile;withapopulationof;onceinawhile;onceuponatime;atadistance;ataloss;atamouthful;keepadiary;tellalie;getaneducation;so/as/too/how/howevercleveraboy;what/suchacleverboy;apeacefulworld
2.定冠词the的几种基本用法：
（1）Whoisthewriterofthebookonthedesk?
（2）Ihavehiredthecarbythehour.
（3）thesun;themoon;theearth;theuniverse;thePeople’sRepublicofChina;theUnitedNations;theGreatWall;theSuezCanal;thePacificOcean;totheright;intheeast;thepoor;thewounded;theGreens;theChinese;thefirst;thebest;theyoungerofthetwobrothers;themorethebetter;themore…,thebetter;intheforties;playthepiano;gotothetheater;gototheconcert;bytheway;forthetimebeing;intheend;onthephone;atthemomentof;onthespot;tothepoint;thewholeday;intheend;theotherday;takesb.bythearm;hitsb.intheface
3.不用冠词的场合：
（1）Horsesareusefulanimals.
（2）Airiseverywherearoundus.
（3）ChristmascomesonThursdaythisyear.
（4）Heplaysbasketballeverydayafterschool.
（5）ThefamilywerehavingsupperwhenIcame.
（6）HewaselectedPresidentasecondtime.
（7）Heactedaschairmanatthemeeting.
（8）Tomturneddoctorwhenhegrewup.=Tombecameadoctorwhenhegrewup.
（9）Youngmanas/thoughheis,hehasseenmuchoftheworld.
（10）bybike/car;onfoot/horseback;gototown/work/school/university/church/hospital;atnoon/dawn/daybreak;dayandnight;fromdaytoday;dayafterday;daybyday;indebtto;indanger;introuble/difficulty;atease;inclass;incourt;ingoodcondition;ingreatdemand/need;intimeofdanger;inoffice;insurprise/silence/pride;inhonourof;infavourof;ingeneral;insight;inuse;catchsightof;in/outoforder;infact;onbusiness/holiday/leave/strike/watch/fire;aheadoftime;thiskindofbooks=booksofthiskind
4.有无定冠词的区别：
attable→atthetable;inprison→intheprison,bysea→bythesea,beinchargeof→beinthechargeof;byday→bytheday;takeplace→taketheplaceof;inpossessionof→inthepossessionof;insightof→inthesightof;inhospital→inthehospital;inbed→inthebed;infrontof→inthefrontof;threeofus→thethreeofus;onearth→ontheearth;outofquestion→outofthequestion;gotosea→gotothesea;beofage→beofanage;Heisstillinoffice→Heisstillintheoffice
5.用不定冠词和定冠词的区别：
asawhole→onthewhole;atadistance→inthedistance;inaway→intheway;anumberof→thenumberof;takeachair→takethechair;foramoment→forthemoment
第二章名词和主谓一致
一．基础知识梳理。
1.常见的不可数名词：
advice,baggage,bread,cloth,clothing,electricity,equipment,fortune,fun,furniture,health,income,information,knowledge,luck,luggage,meat,medicine,metal,money,music,news,paper,practice,production,progress,room（空间）,rubbish,traffic,treasure,waste,wealth,homework，word（）,man（）,
2.复数形式特殊的名词：
（1）单复数同形的名词：
Chinese;Japanese;sheep;deer鹿;series系列;means方式;
works工厂;crossroads十字路口;jin斤;species物种;aircraft
（2）以-oes结尾的复数名词：
tomatoes;potatoes;heroes;Negroes
（3）以-fs结尾的复数名词：
beliefs信念;gulfs海湾;chiefs首领;roofs屋檐;proofs证据
（4）不规则复数形式名词：
foot－feet;tooth－teeth;goose－geese;man－men;
woman－women;mouse－mice;child－children;ox－oxen;
phenomenon－phenomena现象;bacterium－bacteria细菌;
crisis－crises危机;analysis－analyses分析
3.常用复数形式的名词：
congratulations,parents,shoes,stairs,tears,things（形势）,thanks,trousers,twins,vegetables,asfollows,domorningexercises,exchangegreetings,hurtone’sfeelings,good/badmanners;indozens,inhigh/lowspirits,Goodheavens!
bythismeans,changeseatswithsb,makeannouncements,makerepairs,makepreparationsforsth.,giveregards/bestwishestosb,makefriends/enemieswithsb,shakehandswithsb,taketurns,take/makenotes,theOlympicGames,theUnitedStates,hundredsof
4.复数形式意义特别的名词：
airs傲气;arms武器;ashes骨灰;clothes衣服;conditions环境;contents目录;customs海关;damages赔偿金;drinks饮料;expectations前程;games比赛;glasses眼镜;goods货物;greens青菜;irons镣铐;lines台词;looks外表;manners礼貌;pains努力;papers文件，试卷，报纸，论文;regards问候;sands沙漠;spirits酒精;times时代;waters水域;woods树林;works工厂，著作;
5.常用复数形式做定语的名词：
armsproduction,clothesshop,communicationssatellite,salespolicy,foreignlanguagesdepartment,sportsmeet,agoodstrain,plasticsindustry,womendoctors
6.名词词形的变化：
常见后缀有
-age
-ance/-ence
-ancy/-ency
-dom
-er/-or
-ian
7.-ication
8.-ics
9.-ion/-ation/-ition
10.-ist/-ism
11.-ity-ty
12.-ment
13.-ness
14.--ship
15.-th
7.主谓一致
语法一致原则
1.
（1）TomandJackwereclosefriends.
（2）Trialanderroristhesourceofourknowledge.
（3）Thesingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty.
（4）Eachboyand（each）girlhasanapple.
（5）Manyateacherand（manya）studenthasseenthefilm.
（6）Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree/doesnoconcernme.
（7）Whathesaidisfarfromthetruth.Whattheschoolneedsarequalifiedteachers.
（8）Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.
（9）Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessintheworld.
Lovingandbeinglovedareequallyimportant.
2.
（1）Tomaswellastwoofthefriendswasinvitedtotheparty.
（2）Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,istoarriveontheeveningflight.
（3）Nobodybutoneteacherandthreestudentswasinthelaboratory.→NotIbutTomistoblame.
（4）Manyapageinthisbookismissing.
（5）Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.
（6）Aseriesofdebatesbetweenthelectureswasscheduledforthenextweekend.
（7）Hewasoneoftheboyswhowerepraised.→Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraised.
（8）It’sIwhoam/youwhoare/hewhoistoblame.
就近一致原则
3.
（1）Oneortwofriendsarecomingthisevening.
（2）NeitherInorheisinfavourofhermarriage.
（3）EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter.
（4）Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisrequiredtoattendthemeeting.
（5）Thereisadeskandthreechairsintheroom.→Therearethreechairsandadeskintheroom.
（6）Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.
意义一致原则
4.
（1）Twentyyearsisalongtimeinone’slife.
（2）Fortymileswascoveredinasinglenight.
（3）20,000dollarsisnotasmallsumofmoney.
5.
（1）Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.→Only60%oftheworkwasdoneyesterday.
（2）Thepopulationofthecityis6.8million.→About70%ofthepopulationofthecityareworkers.
6.
（1）Theclassconsistsoftwenty-fiveboysandtwentygirls.→Theclassaredoingcleaning.
（2）Thesetrousersneedcleaning.→Thispairoftrousersismine.
（3）Anewkindofcarsisnowonshow.→Allkindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.
（4）Thereisonlyasmallquantityofpaper/booksleft.→
Largequantitiesofwaterareneededforcoolingpurposes.
7.
（1）ThatIshallworkwithyouisagreatpleasure.
（2）Improvingtheproductionprocessisnecessary.
（3）Whathehassaidleavesmuchforustothinkabout.→Whatheleftmearesomeoldbooks.
第三章代词
一．基础知识梳理
1.人称代词的用法：
（1）—DoesanyofyouknowwhereTomlives?
—Me.
（2）What!
Me（to）playhimatchess?
No!
（3）Heistallerthanme/I.
（4）You,sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.
（5）Heandshestilldon’tagreetotheplan.
（6）Ifanyonearriveslate,they’llhavetowaitoutside.
2.物主代词的用法：
（1）Jacktookoffhiscoatandwenttobed.
（2）Somefriendsofminewillattendmybirthdayparty.
（3）Thatcarofhersisalwaysbreakingdown.
3．反身代词的用法：
（1）TomtaughthimselfEnglish.
（2）Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.
（3）Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.
（4）Thetableitselfhasonlythreelegs.
（5）byoneself=alone;foroneself:
为自己，亲自；thinkforoneself独立思考；inoneself：
本质上；ofoneself自动地，自发地；behaveoneself注意行为举止；applyoneselftosth.专心致志于；besideoneself疯狂，忘形；seatoneself=beseated=sitdown;dressoneselfin;helponeselftosth.;cometooneself;makeoneselfathome;devoteoneselftosth.;findoneselfin/at…
4.替代词的用法：
（1）Thereisonlyonewatchofthistypeintheshop,soIwanttobuyitforher.
（2）Thisstoryisaninterestingone.
（3）Ihaven’tacomputer.Iwanttobuyonenextday.
（4）Thedictionaryonthedeskismuchbetterthanthat/theoneontheshelf.
（5）TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthanthatinNanjinginwinter.
（6）StudentsinClassOnearemorehard-workingthanthose/theonesinClassTwo.
（7）putit/seetoit/dependonit/countonitthat…;likeit/dislikeit/hateit/appreciateitif/when…
5.指示代词：
（1）Thisisapenandthatisapencil.
（2）Hedidn’t
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