because和for的用法不同之处.docx
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because和for的用法不同之处
Because和for的用法不同之处
1,作为原因状语,because-分句位置灵敏,而for-分句只可在主句之后
Thedoctorlookstiredandsleepybecausehesatupallnightwiththepatient.
Thedoctorlookstiredandsleepy,forhesatupallnightwiththepatient.
2,由because引导的原因状语分句可以单独用来答复why-问句,而for-分句不行
---Whydoesthedoctorlooksotiredandsleepy?
---Becausehesatupallnightwiththepatient.
3,作为原因状语,because-分句可在because前带否认词或其他修饰语,还可带某些并列连词,而for-分句不可以
Thedoctorlookstiredandsleepynotbecauseheisn’tfeelingwell,butbecausehesatupallnightwiththepatient.
4,作为原因状语,because-分句可作分裂句中心成分,而for-分句不行
Itisbecausehesatupallnightwiththepatientthatthedoctorlookstiredandsleepy.
5,连词for可以引导一个句子,为上文陈述的情况说明原因或提供理由,而because-分句通常引导附属分句,除用以答复why-问句外不单独出现
WhenIsawherintheriver,Iwasfrightened.Foratthatpointthecurrentsweredangerous.
在because,since,as这三个附属连词中,以because语势最强,since次之,as又次之。
Because通常表示“新信息〞,即一种未知的原因,而since/as那么表示原因。
由于since/as分句通常表示原因,所以常常出如今句首,这也是它们与for-分句用法上不同的地方。
Though和although同义,在一般情况下可以互换。
但although比though语气强烈,常用以强调让步概念
HeinsistedondoingitalthoughIwantedhimnotto.
当让步分句指一种臆想的情况时,通常用though
Thoughalltheworldwereagainstme,Ishouldstillholdtomyopinion.
Thougheverybodydesertyou,Iwillnot.
引导某些让步状语分句通常也只能用though
Difficultthoughthetaskwas,theymanagedtocompleteitintime.
Cleverthoughhewas,hefailedtheexam.
He’swelcometocomewithus,______itwon’tbetoomuchofastrainforhimtowalksofar.
A,providedB.asifC.unlessD.since
有些动词ing或ed形式可以用做连词,引导原因、条件或让步状语分句,如seeingthat〔鉴于,由于〕,consideringthat,providingthat,providedthat〔假设,以…为条件〕,supposingthat〔假设〕,giventhat〔以…为条件〕,granted,grantingthat〔假使〕,在许多情况下,that是不出现的。
一些常见缩略语
2G2ndGenerationMobileCommunicationsSystem第二代挪动通信系统
3G,3GMS3rdGenerationMobileCommunicationsSystem第三代挪动通信系统
3GPP3rdGenerationPartnershipProject第三代合作组织
AAAAuthentication,Authorization,Accounting鉴权、授权、计费
ANSIAmericanNationalStandardInstitute美国国家标准组织
ASCIIAmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange美国信息交换标准码
ASPApplicationServerProcess应用效劳器进程
ASPAccessServiceProvider接入效劳提供商
ATMAsynchronousTransferMode异步传输形式
BIOSBasicInputOutputSystem根本输入输出系统
CDMACodeDivisionMultipleAccess码分多址接入
CPUCentralProcessingUnit中央处理器
ADSL asymmetricaldigitalsubscriberline非对称数字用户线路
APEC AsiaPacificEconomicCooperation亚太经济全作组织
ATM Automatedtellermachine 自动提款机
BBS Aulletinboardservice电子公告牌效劳
CD Compactdisc 激光唱片
CD-ROMCompactdiscread-onlymemory只读光盘
CPA Certifiedpublicaccountant注册会计师
DNA deoxyribonucleicacid 脱氧核糖核酸
DVD digitalvideodisc 数字激光视盘
GDP grossdomesticproduct 国内消费总值
GNP grossnationalproduct 国民消费总值
GPS globalpositioningsystem全球定位系统
GRE GraduateRecordExamination〔美国等国家〕研究生入学资格考试OPEC organizationofthePetroleumExportingCountry石油输出国组织
RAM random-accessmemory 随机存取存储器
ROM read-onlymemory 只读存储器
SCI sciencecitationindex 科学引文索引
SOHO Smalloffice,homeoffice居家办公
TOEFL TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage托福〔美国对非英语国家留学生的英语考试〕
WAPWirelessAccessProtocol无线接入协议
WAPWirelessApplicationProtocol无线应用协议
IGO inter-government organization 政府间国际组织
LNG liquified natural gas 液化天然气
LPG liquified petroleum gas液化石油气
“失业〞新说
careerchangeopportunitychemicalchangetransitioned
outplacementworkforceimbalancecorrectionvocationalrelocation
indefiniteidlingexecutivecuttingforcereduction
personalsurplusreductionreducingheadcountredundancyelimination
releaseselectiveseparationcoercedtransitioninvoluntaryseparation
negotiateddeparturevoluntaryseverancevoluntarytermination
decruitmentdegrowingdehiringdeselectiondownsizingrightsizing(调整规模)
scheduleadjustmentskill-mixadjustmentworkforceadjustment
bage.g.Justsaythebosswaswillingtobaghim.
Givesomebodythebag辞退某人;回绝某人求婚
Dosomebodyoutofthejob
Paysomebodyoff发清工资后辞退;算帐走人
AnymoreofthisandI’llpayoffthewholebunchofyou.
Getthebird
Thissituationcanonlyleadtoyourcatchinglatertrainsandgettingthebirdattheoffice.
Beputdown
Themanagerhasbeenputdownformisconduct.
Beforcedoutofoffice
Walkingticket(walkingpapers;pinkslip)
Twobaseballveteransgottheirwalkingtickettoday.
Walkingorders
Marchingorders
Walktheplank
Rostow’sdeputywalkstheplank;Rostowhangsin.
Explusion赶出或赶走;开除
Bounce
Bump
Getthehook
Justwhenhethoughthewasdoingsowell,hegotthehook.
Givesomeonehisrunningshoes
Whenheobjectedtothenewpolicytheygavehimhisrunningshoes.
Brush-off辞退,尤指用粗暴的方式
Layofftieacanto(on)someone
Bestruckofftherolls开除
Hewillcertainlybestruckofftherollsifthisconductcontinues.
Bustout因成绩不佳而被学校开除
Oustsbfromafirmouster
Eraseone’snamefromthelist
Beexcommunicatedfor
Berelievedofone’spost
Cutdownthenumberofpersonsemployed
Reducethestaff
汉语新词译例
Thereisnomathematicswithoutplusorminus,whichholdsgoodfortranslation.
------BayardTaylor
一,增补词义
推动经济push/fueleconomicgrowth
老年大学collegeofcontinuingeducationfortheelderly
开展两岸关系,推进祖国和平统一进程developrelationsbetweenthetwosidesoftheTaiwanStraitsandpromotethepeacefulreunificationofthemotherland
减负lightentheburdenofthestudents
打假,打非,打拐crackdownoncounterfeiters/mount(launch)anattackoncounterfeiters
mountanattackonillegalpublishers
launchanattackonabductors(ofwomenandchildren)
财务公开keepthepublicinformedofthefinancialaffairs
兰州拉面Lanzhouhand-pullednoodles
推向市场pushintomarketcompetition
拉动消费stimulateconsumption
消费心理consumerpsychology
与国际接轨gearoneselftointernationalconventions
对内搞活enliventhedomesticeconomy
二,删减饰词
医德医风medicalethnics
歪风邪气evilwindsandnoxiousinfluences/evilwinds
居高临下beatacommandingpost
头重脚轻betop-heavy
三,补全文化差异
野蛮装卸therash-and-roughwayofloadingandunloading
高考状元thehighest-rankingstudentinentranceexaminationsforcollegeanduniversity/thebestcandidateforcollegeentranceexaminations
养鸡状元thechampionchicken-raiser
向病人索要红包solicitunder-the-tablepaymentsfrompatients
拒收病人的红包refusetoacceptanycovertpaymentfrompatients
四,防止“中式英语〞,切忌想当然
失足青年youthwhohastakenawrongstepinlife
内耗losses(ofmanpowerandmaterialresources)ininternalstrife;in-fighting
豆腐渣工程jerrybuiltproject;beancurdproject,sonamedbecausetheyfallaparteasily
投资热点popularinvestmentspot
道德法庭conscienceforum
钉子户recalcitrant
横向经济联络lateraleconomicties
堡粥domarathontalkontelephone
Eachlanguagehasitsowngenius…Ratherthanforcetheformalstructureofonelanguageuponanother,theeffectivetranslatorisquitepreparedtomakeanyandallformalchangesnecessarytoreproducethemessageinthedistinctivestructureformsofthereceptorlanguage.
------E.A.Nida
中小型企业smallandmedium-sizedenterprises
高新技术newandhightechnology
国际经济新秩序anewinternationaleconomicorder
霹雳舞breakdance
量贩店bulksalestore
封闭式小区gatedcommunity
过劳死karoshi
讨债公司debt-recoveryfirm
珍珠奶茶tapiocamilktea;bubbletea
声讯pay-per-call
露脐装midriff-baringshirt;midriff;half-shirt
假唱lip-sync搭售conditionalsale;tie-in
一些常见搭配
动词+介词形式
accountfor说明(原因等)
aimat瞄准,针对
allowfor考虑到
appealto呼吁,要求
arriveat达成,得出
askafter询问,问候
askfor恳求,要求
attachto附属于,隶属于
beginwith从开始
breakinto闯入
breakoff断绝,完毕
breakthrough打破
breakup中止,完毕;打碎,折断
bringabout带来,造成
bringdown打倒,挫伤;降低
bringforth产生,提上
bringforward提出
bringout使出现;公布;出版
bringup教育,培养,使成长
buildup积累;堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进;锻炼
callfor邀请;要求;需求
callforth唤起,引起;振作起,鼓起
calloff放弃,取消
catchat抓住(东西)
callon/upon访问,拜访;号召,呼吁
callup召集,发动;打
carefor照管,关心;喜欢,意欲
carryoff夺去
carryon继续下去;从事,经营
carryout贯彻,执行;实现
cometo总计,到达;清醒,复原
counton依靠;期待,指望
countup把……相加
coverup掩饰,掩盖
cutacross走捷径,抄近路
dealwith处理,对付,安排
dowithout没有……也行
fillin/out填充,填写
getat得到,接近;意思是
getinto进入,陷入
goafter追求
gointo进入;研究,调查
gofor竭力想获得;喜欢;支持,拥护
gothrough经历,经受;详细检查
gowith伴随,与……协调
gowithout没有……也行
improveon改进
keepto保持,坚持
liein在于
liveupto不辜负
liveon/by靠……生活,以……为食
livethrough度过,经受过
lookafter照管,照料
lookat看望,注视
lookfor寻找,寻求
lookinto调查,观察,过问;窥视
lookover检查,查看,调查
lookthrough仔细查看,阅读,复习
makefor走向,驶向;有助于
occurto被想到,被想起
playwith以……为消遣,玩弄
referto参考,查阅,涉及,提到
runfor竞选
runinto撞上,偶然碰见
seeto注意,负责,照料,修理
sendfor派人去请,召唤;索取
sendin呈报,递交,送来
serveas作为,用作
setaside挑出,拨出,留出;回绝
sitfor参加
standby支持,帮助;袖手旁观
standfor代替,代表,意味着
standagainst对抗,抵抗
stickto坚持,忠于,信守
takeafter与……相像
takefor把……认为是,把……看成是
takein承受,吸收;理解,理解
taketo喜欢,亲近
touchon关系到,涉及
turninto变成
turnto变成;求助于,借助于
turnoff关上;出产;辞退
动词+副词形式
breakdown损坏,分解,瓦解
breakin闯入;打断,插嘴
breakout逃出;突然发生,爆发
bringto使恢复知觉
burnout烧掉
burnup烧起来,旺起来;烧完
catchon理解,明白
checkin办理登记手续
checkout结账后分开;检验,核查
checkup(on)校对,检查,检验
cheerup使快乐,使振奋
clearaway扫除,拾掇
clearup拾掇;澄清;放晴
makeitclearthat弄清楚
comeoff实现,成功,奏效
comeon请,来吧,快点;开始,出场,上演
comeout出版;出现,显露;结果是
comeround(around)来访,前来;清醒,复原
comethrough经历,脱险
comeup走近,上来;发生,被提出
crossout删去,取消
cutback削减,减少
cutdown削减,降低
cutin(汽车)抢道;插嘴,打断
cutoff切断;删去;停顿
cutout删
cutshort突然停顿
diedown渐渐消失,平息
dieout消失,灭绝
drawin(火车、汽车)到站
drawup写上,画上;草拟;停住
dressup穿上盛装,打扮得很漂亮
dropby/in顺便来访
dryout干透,使干
dryup干涸,枯竭
dropoff减弱,减少
dropout退出,离队
fallbehind落后
fallout争吵;结果是
fallthrough落空,失败
feedin输入
findout查明
getacross解释清楚,使人理解
getaround/round走动,旅行;(消息)传开
getaway逃脱,分开
getby通过,经过
getdown从……下来;写下
getin进入;收获,搜集
getoff从……下来;分开,动身,开始
getover抑制;(从病中)恢复过来
getthrough完毕,完成;接通
havegotto(do)不得不,必须
gettogether集合,聚集
getup起床;增加,增强
giveaway泄露;分送
giveback送还,恢复
givein交上;投降,屈服
giveoff放出,释放
giveout分发,放出
giveup停顿,放弃
goahead开始,前进;领先
goby过去
godown下降,降低;被载入,传下去
gooff爆炸,发射;动身,分开