名词性从句讲解word版.doc

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名词性从句讲解word版.doc

名词性从句讲解

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。

它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、名词性从句

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。

因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

  连接词:

that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)

  连接代词:

what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.

  连接副词:

when,where,how,why

1.主语从句(两种结构,三类连接词)

两种结构

1.主语从句位于句首:

Whathewantsisabook.

Whokeptthedooropenallnightwasunknown.

2.主语从句位于句尾,it作形式主语。

(1)It+be+名词+that从句

It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.

It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.

(2)It+be+形容词+that从句.

Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.

(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句

Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.

ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.

(4)It+不及物动词+that从句

注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:

Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…

Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…

Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…

三类连接词:

1.连词thatwhether

that引导的主语从句:

引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。

whether引导的主语从句:

whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。

Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.

Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.

Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.

2.连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分.

Whatyouneedismorepractice.

WhatIwanttoknowisthis.

Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.

3.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。

Whereweshouldleaveitisaproblem.

Whentheywillcomehasn’tbeenmadepubic.

WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.

练习

1.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever

2.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.

A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what

3.we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

4.hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.

A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter

5._______hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How

6.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_______atleastaforeignlanguage.

A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster

7.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.

A.isB.areC.hasDhave

8._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

2.宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。

例如:

HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.

Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.

注意:

在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。

例如:

Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.

Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.

2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.。

Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.

Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.

3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。

此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:

a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“ornot”时;e.后接动词不定式时。

Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.

Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.

4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用

不同时态。

Iknow(that) hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(从句用一般现在时)

Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(从句用一般过去时)

Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)

Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(从句用现在完成时)

当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。

例如:

TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.

5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。

即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。

Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.

Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.

练习

1.______surprisedmemostwas______suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.

A.That…what B.What…that C.That…which D.What…which

2.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________

A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplace B.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld

C.whenisthesportsmeettobegin D.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace

3.Doyouhappentoknow________

A.whatsizeshoeshewears B.howbigshoeshewears

C.whatisthesizeofhisshoes D.whatnumbershoesarehis

4.Wheredoyouthink________

A.hashegone B.hashebeen C.he'sgone D.washe

5.Doyouknow________

A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld

B.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld

C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldis

D.whatthepopulationoftheworldis

6.Hedidn'tknowwhichroom________.

A.theylived B.theylivedin C.didtheylive D.didtheylivein

7.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.

A.that B.which C.whatever D.nomatterwhat

8.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.

A.was,besent B.is,issent C.be,wassent D.be,send

9.Theydiscussed________theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.

A.if B.that C.what D.whether

10.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.

A.whatbeautifulis B.whatisbeautiful

C.beautifuliswhat D.whatitisbeautiful

1-5BDACD6-10BCADB

3.表语从句

1.that引导的表语从句

that仅起连接作用,无意义,在句中不作任何成分,通常不能省略。

这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。

其基本结构为:

主语+系动词+that从句。

如:

Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.

Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatallthepupilswereunusuallyquiet.

当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。

如:

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.

2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句

①连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外,还可在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语,且各有各的词义。

如:

Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.(who在从句中作主语)

Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.(what在从句中作系动词be的表语)

②连接副词when,where,how,why除在句中起连接作用外,在从句子中还充当时间,地点,方式,原因状语,本身具有词义。

如:

That'swhereIcan'tagreewithyou.

③whether引导的表语从句

连接词whether起连接作用,意为“是否,究竟,到底”(注意:

if不能引导表语从句),在句中也不作任何成分。

Thequestioniswhetherthatmanwillturnupintime.

3.其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句

because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itis/wasbecause...”结构中。

asif/asthough引导的表语从句常置于系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面,常用虚拟语气,表示不存在的动作或状态。

如:

Theelephantfeelsasif/thoughhewereawall.

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

4.主语是表示建议、命令、要求等的名词,那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气,即should后接动词原形,(should可以省略)。

如:

Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)climballthewaytothetopofthehill.

练习

1.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.

A.why B.when C.what D.who

2.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.

A.evenif B.asif C.eventhough D.like

3.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.

A.that B.what C.why D.how

4.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.

A.what B.where C.that D.why

5.WhatI'mconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.

A.is B.are C.were D.was

6.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.

A.that B.which C.what D.such

1-6DBCDAC

4.同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。

同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。

例如:

Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting. 

Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.

ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.

同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)

Thenewsthathetoldmeisexciting.(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)

练习

1.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.

A.wego B.wewillgo C.shouldwego D.thatwego

2.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.

A.which B.what C.that D.how

3.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.

A.whether B.if C.X D.that

4.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.

A.if B.that C.thatif D.whether

1-4DCDC

名词性从句

1.______makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.

A.ThatB.WhatC.WhoD.Which

2.Expertsbelieve____peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitis

necessary.

A.whyB.whereC.thatD.what

3.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell_______closeyoumaybetovictory.

A.howB.thatC.whichD.where

4._______oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.

A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Wherever

5.It’sgoodtoknow______thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.

A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that

6.Itremainstobeseenthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether

7.______yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.

A.WhenB.HowC.WhatD.That

8.IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.

A.ThatB.WhichC.WhetherD.What

9.Policehavefoundappearstobethelostancientstatue.

A.whichB.whe

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