名词性从句讲解word版.doc
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名词性从句讲解
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。
因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:
that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:
what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.
连接副词:
when,where,how,why
1.主语从句(两种结构,三类连接词)
两种结构
1.主语从句位于句首:
Whathewantsisabook.
Whokeptthedooropenallnightwasunknown.
2.主语从句位于句尾,it作形式主语。
(1)It+be+名词+that从句
It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.
It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.
(2)It+be+形容词+that从句.
Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.
(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句
Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.
ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.
(4)It+不及物动词+that从句
注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:
Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…
Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…
Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
三类连接词:
1.连词thatwhether
that引导的主语从句:
引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。
whether引导的主语从句:
whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。
Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.
Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.
Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
2.连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分.
Whatyouneedismorepractice.
WhatIwanttoknowisthis.
Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.
3.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。
)
Whereweshouldleaveitisaproblem.
Whentheywillcomehasn’tbeenmadepubic.
WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.
练习
1.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever
2.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.
A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what
3.we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
4.hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter
5._______hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.
A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How
6.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_______atleastaforeignlanguage.
A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster
7.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.
A.isB.areC.hasDhave
8._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
2.宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
例如:
HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.
Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.
注意:
在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。
例如:
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.
Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.
2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.。
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.
3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。
此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“ornot”时;e.后接动词不定式时。
Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.
4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。
Iknow(that) hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(从句用一般现在时)
Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(从句用一般过去时)
Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)
Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
例如:
TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。
即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.
Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.
练习
1.______surprisedmemostwas______suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That…what B.What…that C.That…which D.What…which
2.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________
A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplace B.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
C.whenisthesportsmeettobegin D.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace
3.Doyouhappentoknow________
A.whatsizeshoeshewears B.howbigshoeshewears
C.whatisthesizeofhisshoes D.whatnumbershoesarehis
4.Wheredoyouthink________
A.hashegone B.hashebeen C.he'sgone D.washe
5.Doyouknow________
A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld
B.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld
C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldis
D.whatthepopulationoftheworldis
6.Hedidn'tknowwhichroom________.
A.theylived B.theylivedin C.didtheylive D.didtheylivein
7.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.
A.that B.which C.whatever D.nomatterwhat
8.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.
A.was,besent B.is,issent C.be,wassent D.be,send
9.Theydiscussed________theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.
A.if B.that C.what D.whether
10.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.
A.whatbeautifulis B.whatisbeautiful
C.beautifuliswhat D.whatitisbeautiful
1-5BDACD6-10BCADB
3.表语从句
1.that引导的表语从句
that仅起连接作用,无意义,在句中不作任何成分,通常不能省略。
这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。
其基本结构为:
主语+系动词+that从句。
如:
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.
Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatallthepupilswereunusuallyquiet.
当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
①连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外,还可在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语,且各有各的词义。
如:
Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.(who在从句中作主语)
Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.(what在从句中作系动词be的表语)
②连接副词when,where,how,why除在句中起连接作用外,在从句子中还充当时间,地点,方式,原因状语,本身具有词义。
如:
That'swhereIcan'tagreewithyou.
③whether引导的表语从句
连接词whether起连接作用,意为“是否,究竟,到底”(注意:
if不能引导表语从句),在句中也不作任何成分。
Thequestioniswhetherthatmanwillturnupintime.
3.其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句
because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itis/wasbecause...”结构中。
asif/asthough引导的表语从句常置于系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面,常用虚拟语气,表示不存在的动作或状态。
如:
Theelephantfeelsasif/thoughhewereawall.
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
4.主语是表示建议、命令、要求等的名词,那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气,即should后接动词原形,(should可以省略)。
如:
Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)climballthewaytothetopofthehill.
练习
1.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.
A.why B.when C.what D.who
2.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.
A.evenif B.asif C.eventhough D.like
3.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.
A.that B.what C.why D.how
4.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.
A.what B.where C.that D.why
5.WhatI'mconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.
A.is B.are C.were D.was
6.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.that B.which C.what D.such
1-6DBCDAC
4.同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
例如:
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.
Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.
ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Thenewsthathetoldmeisexciting.(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
练习
1.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.
A.wego B.wewillgo C.shouldwego D.thatwego
2.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
A.which B.what C.that D.how
3.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.
A.whether B.if C.X D.that
4.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.
A.if B.that C.thatif D.whether
1-4DCDC
名词性从句
1.______makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhoD.Which
2.Expertsbelieve____peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitis
necessary.
A.whyB.whereC.thatD.what
3.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell_______closeyoumaybetovictory.
A.howB.thatC.whichD.where
4._______oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.
A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Wherever
5.It’sgoodtoknow______thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that
6.Itremainstobeseenthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether
7.______yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.
A.WhenB.HowC.WhatD.That
8.IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.
A.ThatB.WhichC.WhetherD.What
9.Policehavefoundappearstobethelostancientstatue.
A.whichB.whe