北京高三一模英语汇编阅读理解CD篇word版含答案.docx

北京高三一模英语汇编阅读理解CD篇word版含答案.docx

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北京高三一模英语汇编阅读理解CD篇word版含答案

2021北京高三一模英语汇编：

阅读理解CD篇

2021东城高三一模

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

C

Vaccines（疫苗）maysoonmaketheirfirstfilmappearance.LedbyexpertMariaA.Croyle,researchershavedevelopedathinsheetthatpreservesvaccinesforlongperiodswithoutrefrigeration.Thismeansthecarefullycooledsmallbottlesnowusedtoshipvaccinescouldpotentiallybereplacedbylightweightfilmsthatcanbemailedinanenvelopeandstoredonashelf.

Croyle’slaboratorybegandevelopingthetechnologyin2007.Inspiredbyamber’sabilitytopreservetheDNAofinsects,theresearcherssetouttocreatetheirownversionofthesubstancebymixing“alotofsugarandalittlebitofsalt,muchlikehardcandy,”Croyleexplains.Thevaccine-containingfilmisadministeredbymouth—sweetnewsformanywhodislikeneedles.

Thefilmistailoredtosuiteachspecificvaccinecandidateandprovideaprotectivecoating.“We’velearnedovertimethatthekeytoreallystabilizingwhateverthefilmholdsistohaveitintermixedwithallthecomponents,”Croylesays,addingthattheprocessisquickandusesaffordable,standardequipment.“Wereallywantedtocomeupwithsomethingthatwouldbetransferabletodevelopingcountries.”

Immunization（免疫）programsdependheavilyonkeepingvaccinescold（2℃-8℃）astheyaretransported,sometimesoverthousandsofkilometerstofar-awaylocations.Deliverycanbedifficultandcostly,andtransportdisruptionscancausethevaccinestobeineffective.

Butthisnewproductcanstoreliveviruses,bacteriaandantibodiesforseveralmonthsat20℃.InapaperpublishedinScienceAdvances,thescientistsshowthatthelivevirusesinonevaccinewerepreservedinthefilmevenafter36months.Theyalsofindthatafluvaccinesuspendedintheirfilmcomparesfavourablywithatraditionalflushot（流感预防针）.“Thestudydemonstratesearlyproofofconceptforanexcitingplatformforvaccineproductdevelopment,”saysLisaRohan,apharmacologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Shealsonotesthateachvaccinetypewouldneedacustomformulation（配方）forfuturestagesofdevelopment.

Findingpartnerstomass-produceforclinicaltrialsistheresearchers’mostpressingproblem,Croylesays.Theyarealsoexploringpackagingmethodstokeeptheirfilmsstableupto40℃.

Sizeisamajoradvantage—aletter-sizedsheetofthefilmcancarrymorethan500doses（剂）ofvaccine,about1⁄900theweightofthesameamountoftraditionaldoses.Bymakingiteasierandcheapertoshipandpreservevaccinesefficiently,Croylesays,thetechnologycouldvastlyimproveimmunizationratestheworldover,particularlyinmiddle-tolow-incomecountries.

27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefilm?

A.Itcontainsanimal’sDNA.B.Itwillreplacevaccines.

C.Itcomesindifferentflavours.D.Itcanholdbio-products.

28.AccordingtoParagraph3,wecanlearnaboutthefilm’s______.

A.keycomponentB.developmentschedule

C.possibleadvantagesD.transportationrequirements

29.TheauthormentionsLisaRohan’swordsto______.

A.advisepersonalizingvaccines

B.suggesttheproductispromising

C.provethestudyissupportedwidely

D.stressthefunctionsofanewplatform

30.WhatwillbethenexturgenttaskforCroyle’steam?

A.Advertisingthefilmworldwide.B.Improvingthefilm’scapacity.

C.Reducingtheshippingcost.D.Seekingidealmanufacturers.

D

AlbertEinstein’s1915masterpiece“TheFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativity”isthefirstandstillthebestintroductiontothesubject,andIrecommenditassuchtostudents.Butitprobablywouldn’tbepublishableinascientificjournaltoday.

Whynot?

Afterall,itwouldpasswithflyingcoloursthetestsofcorrectnessandsignificance.Andwhilepopularbeliefholdsthatthepaperwasincomprehensibletoitsfirstreaders,infactmanypapersintheoreticalphysicsaremuchmoredifficult.

AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote,“Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthavebeenatimewhenonlyonemandid,becausehewastheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthepaperalotunderstoodthetheoryofrelativityinsomewayorother,certainlymorethan12.”

No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophicaldiscussionofspaceandtimeandthencontinueswithanexpositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredextraneoustoday,takeuphalfthepaper.Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastthefirsteditors.

Asimilarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificlandscape.Requestsforresearchtimeatmajorobservatoriesornationallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.Andanythinginvolvingworkwithhumansubjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,involvespilesofpaperwork.

WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolsciencecompetitions.Intheearlydecadesofits78-yearhistory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesortofcleverbutnaive,amateurisheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polishedworkcomingoutofinternships（实习）atestablishedlaboratoriesisthenorm.

Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodernscience.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsandpeople.Butthereareseriousdownsides.Alotofunproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratichoops（繁文缛节）,andoutsidersfaceentrybarriersateveryturn.

Ofcourse,Einsteinwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardsandpublishinghisresults.Itsscientificcorewouldn’thavechanged,butthepapermightnotbethesametastetoread.

31.AccordingtoRichardFeynman,Einstein’s1915paper______.

A.wasaclassicintheoreticalphysics

B.turnedouttobecomprehensible

C.neededfurtherimprovement

D.attractedfewprofessionals

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extraneous”inParagraph4mean?

A.Unrealistic.B.Irrelevant.

C.Unattractive.D.Imprecise.

33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisaffectedasmodernsciencedevelops?

A.Theapplicationofresearchfindings.

B.Theprincipleofscientificresearch.

C.Theselectionofyoungtalents.

D.Theevaluationoflaboratories.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.WhatmakesEinsteingreat?

B.Willsciencebeprofessionalized?

C.CouldEinsteingetpublishedtoday?

D.Howwillmodernsciencemakeadvances?

2021西城高三一模

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

C

Humans’overconsumptionofresourcesisaleadingcontributortoglobalclimatechange,saysUniversityofArizonaresearcherSabrinaHelm.Therefore,it’sincreasinglyimportanttounderstandthechoicesconsumersmakeandhowthosedecisionsaffectthehealthofaplanetwithlimitedresources.Inanewstudy,publishedinthejournalYoungConsumers,Helmandhercolleaguesexplorehowmaterialisticvaluesinfluencepro-environmentalbehaviorsinmillennials,whoarenowthenation’smostinfluentialgroupofconsumers.

Theresearchersfocusedontwomaincategoriesofpro-environmentalbehaviors:

reducedconsumption,whichincludesactionslikerepairinginsteadofreplacingolderitems;and“greenbuying,”orpurchasingproductsdesignedtolimitenvironmentalimpacts.Theresearchersalsolookedathowengaginginpro-environmentalbehaviorsaffectsconsumerwell-being.

Morematerialisticparticipants,theresearchersfound,wereunlikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.However,materialismdidnotseemtohaveaneffectontheirlikelihoodofpracticing“greenbuying.”That’sprobablybecause“greenbuying,”unlikereducedconsumption,stilloffersawayformaterialiststofulfilltheirdesiretogetnewitems,Helmsaid.

Studyparticipantswhoreportedhavingfewermaterialisticvaluesweremuchmorelikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.Consuminglesswas,inturn,linkedtohigherpersonalwell-beingandlowerpsychologicalsuffering.Greenbuying—whichmayhavesomepositiveenvironmentaleffects,althoughtoasmallerdegreethanreducedconsumption—wasnotfoundtoimproveconsumerwell-being,Helmsaid.

Thetake-homemessageforconsumers:

“Thekeyistoreduceconsumptionandnotjustbuygreenstuff.Havinglessandbuyinglesscanactuallymakeusmoresatisfiedandhappier,”Helmsaid.“Ifyouhavealotofstuff,youhavealotonyourmind,”shesaid.“Forexample,itrequiresmaintenanceandthere’salotofburdensofownership,andifyourelieveyourselfofthatburdenofownership,mostpeoplereportfeelingalotbetterandfreer.”

Helmandhercolleaguesadditionallylookedathowmaterialismaffectsmillennialconsumers’proactivefinancialbehaviors,suchasbudgetingandsaving.Examiningfinancialbehaviorsalongsidepro-environmentalbehaviorsprovidesapictureofhowyoungadultsproactivelydealwithresourcelimitationsintwocontexts:

environmentalandfinancial,Helmsaid.

Asexpected,Helmandhercolleaguesfoundthatthosewhoreportedhavingmorematerialisticvaluesengagedinfewerproactivefinancialbehaviorsthantheirlessmaterialisticcounterparts（对应的人）.Theresearchersalsofoundthat,consistentwithpreviousstudies,proactivefinancialbehaviorswereassociatedwithbetterpersonalwell-being,lifesatisfactionandfinancialsatisfaction,aswellaslowerpsychologicalsuffering.

Understandinghowmaterialisticvaluesimpactconsumerbehaviors,andhowthosebehaviorsinturnaffectpersonalandenvironmentalwell-being,isimpo