考研英语词汇讲义.docx

考研英语词汇讲义.docx

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考研英语词汇讲义

考研词汇讲义

一、考研英语中的“似是而非”词

 一.    动词                  

1.admit

 …butnomarriedwomenwereadmittedevenasaspectator.

引申：

①Ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.

②…emittingradiationasitwent,condensingintoparticlesandthenintoatomsofgas.

③Asketchofthelongreportbythebudgetcommitteewassubmittedtothemayorforapproval.

④Thischaptermaybeomitted.

2.afford  

①Moreandmorepeoplecanaffordtobuyandusecarsbecauseanincreasingnumberofcarsarebeingproduced.

②*Itwillaffordmegreatpleasuretohavedinnerwithyou.                            

3.attribute

 ①FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.

 ②*Politenessisanattributeofagentleman.                                        

4.associate

 Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.

5.appreciate

 Iappreciatedtheopportunityhavingbeengiventostudyabroadtwoyearsago.                                      

6.acknowledge

 Iacknowledgewiththanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewcolumn.

7.accompany

8.betray

 Computer-educationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.

9.bound

 …weareboundtoseeUFOssoonerorlater.

10.breed

 Accordingtotheauthor,recentOlympicGameshavebredonlyfalsenationalpride.

11.claim

 ①Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants.

 ②Futuristsclaimthatwemustincreasetheproductionofliterature.

 ③Thefewertheinjuryclaims（report/declaration/proclamation）,thebettertheworkman’sinsurancerate.

12.dash

13.decline

 ①ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalworkmoralvalues.

 ②ItriedveryhardtopersuadehimtojoinourgroupbutImetwithakinddecline.

14.draw

15.engage

 Onthecontrary,thetotalnumbersengagedinthetextileindustryhavecontinuedtorise.

16.entertain

 Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangerstoimprovetheirhardlife.

17.entitle

 Unlessyousignacontractwiththeinsurancecompanyforyourgoods,youarenotentitledtoarepaymentforthegoodsdamagedindelivery.

18.exhaust

 Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthatthespeakersstoppedatintervalsforrefreshments.

19.express

20.figure

 Ican’tfigureoutwhathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.

21.grant

 ①Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.

 ②Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightwhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.

22.hide

 *thehideofthedeer

23.imitate

 Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem.

24.kill

25.lean

26.meet

27.observe

 ①Itshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,thatnoschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurposes.

 ②Othersstresssafeworkpracticesbyobservingrulesorregulations

28.prescribe

 Thefactorylawprescribesafine.

29.reduce

 ①Aninventionwillnotbenefittheinventorunlessitisreducedtocommercialpractice.

  ②If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,…

 ③Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.

30.sweep

31.transfer

 Theywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.

 引申七个表示空白的词

 barren adj.（土地）贫瘠的；（植物）不结果的；（人）不能生育的     n. 荒地

 bare   adj.赤裸的;空的,缺乏的；仅有的，微小的e.g. earnabareliving仅够维持生计    

vt.使赤裸,露出e.g.bareone’sheart表露心迹

 blank  adj.空白的，没有写字的

 bald   adj.秃顶的

 vacant adj.职位空缺的，未被占用的  opening①          ②          ③          

 hollow adj.中空的

 margin n.页边的空白

32.transform

 Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialismintoahumanistindustrialism.

33.touch

34.uphold

35.yield

 ①Driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother.

 ②*investmentsyielding10percent生息10%的投资        *agoodyieldofwheat

 36．adopt v.采用/纳，通过；收养

（97/4）Levinsoftenedhistoneandadoptedsomenewpolicy.已婚妇女都不准进入，甚至做旁观者都不行。

引申：

opt vi.选择                        option n.选项,选择权  

optional a.可以任选的，非强制的     optimize/optimise v.使优化

37.advance v.提前；前进，进展；提前；提出（建议）

          n.前进，进展；预付/支 

38.answer v./n.回答    引申：

answerfor负责，保证成   answerto符/适合

39.allow v.允/准许     引申：

allowfor考虑到

40.attack v.n.攻击，进攻；着手，开始

         n. （病）发作

 ①*Heattackedthedifficultiesatonce.  他立即着手处理难题。

 ②*Atthepiano,hisattackwasfulloflife.他弹奏钢琴时，一开始便充满活力。

 ③*aheartattack心脏病的发作 

41.commit v.犯（错误），干（坏事）；把……交付给，提交

 （91/4）Ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.如果有人犯了罪，人们认为社会是受害者。

42.calculate v.计/推算；计划，打算

43.abuse v./n.滥用；虐待；谩骂

 （97/7）Thephrase“substanceabuse”isoftenusedinsteadof“drugabuse”.“物品滥用”一词取代了“毒品滥用”。

44.cause v.引起，使产生

         n.原因；奋斗目的

45.deliver  v.交付，递送；发表，表达；释放；接生

 （99/6）PointCastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisements. PointCast网络公司使用屏幕保护系统不断地传送最新的信息和广告。

46.dispatch v.派/调遣，发送

           n.（公文）急件，快信；新闻报道

 *todispatchacruisertotheislandtorestoreorder 派一巡洋舰至该岛一恢复秩序

47.drink v.喝

         n.饮料（=beverage）

48.mean v.意指；意欲，打算

         n.平均数

         adj.平均的；卑鄙的；吝啬的

49.reach v.达到；伸手，够到（out）

         n.能达到的范围

50.treat v.对待；处理；治疗；论述，探讨；款待，请客

        n.款待，请客

51.want v.想要，希望；需要；短缺，缺少

        n.短缺，缺少；必需品

 ①*bewanting（仅用于进行时中，主语为物，而非人）e.g.Afewpagesofthisbookarewanting.这本书少了几页。

 ②*bewantinginsth.（仅用于进行时中，主语为人，而非物） e.g.Heiswantingincourtesy.他缺乏礼貌。

 ③*Theplantsdiedfromwantofwater.这些植物因缺水而死。

52.weigh v.称……重量；考虑，权衡

 （02年完形）“Benefits”havebeenweighedagainst（above/upon/with）“harmful”outcomes人们把“收益”与“不良”后果权衡了一番。

  ①*weighsth.againststh.;sthisweighedagainststh.把……与……权衡

  ②*weighwithsb.对…有重大影响             

e.g.thepointthatweighswithme对我有重大关系之处

53.withdraw v.收回，撤消；缩回，退出；提取（钱）

 （00/4）TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket.电视工业已经撤回本国市场。

54.win v./n.获胜，赢  v.借努力达到

55.submit 班vi.（to）屈服，使服从   vt.呈送，提交

  （95/2）Asketchofthelongreportbythebudgetcommitteewassubmittedtothemayorforapproval. 预算委员会的长篇报告的梗概已提交市长批示。

56.study  v.学习，研究

          n.学习，书房

57.suit v.合适，适合；相配，适应

       n.一套西服；诉讼

58.suspend v.吊，悬挂；推迟，暂停

（87/1）Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.在不间断地进行了大约1200年之后，公元394年，罗马人终止了奥运会。

59.taste v.品尝

        n.滋味；品位 

e.g.有品位的人amanoftaste;           distaste n.厌恶，反感

二.    形容词

1.                    acute①尖的；②                 ；③             

 AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.

2.                    alive①活着的；②                

 Companieswithlowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthemalive（vivid/mobile/diverse）andactive.

3.                    annual  adj.每年的

                n.                 

 Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.

4.                    bold①勇敢的，大无畏的；②          ；③         ；④             

5.                    blue①蓝色的；②          ；③        

6.                    blind  adj.①瞎的；②         

v.①使失明；②          

n.          

7.                    crazy①疯狂的；②          

8.                    crude①粗鲁的；②          ；③        

 …saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.

9.                    critical①批评的，评论的；②          ；③         

①Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.

②Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?

10.                soft①软的；②          ；③         ；④            

11.                sour①酸的；②          ；③         ；④            

  引申：

asorethroat

         soarlikeaneagle; Pricesoaredwhenwarbrokeout.

12.                strange①奇怪的；②          ；③         

13.                strong①强大的；②         

14.                wholesome①           ；②         

 *wholesomefood/exercise

 15.                complex  adj.复杂的

n.①情结；②联合体          

 ①（93/7）…thecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoybearwiththesoundpattern“toybear”.让孩子把看到、摸到的玩具熊与“玩具熊”的读音联系起来的复杂体系。

②*abuildingcomplex建筑群

16.                confidential ①秘密的；②推心置腹的，可信任的         

 （85/2）WhatIamtellingyouisstrictlyconfidential.Don’tletanyoneknowofit.我要告诉你的事极度机密。

别让任何其他人知道。

17.                fine①身体好；②天气好；③罚款；④细微的，微小的

①（93/12）Tedhastoldmethathealwaysescapestobefinedashehasgotaveryfastsportscar.Ted告诉我说，因为他有一辆跑得特快的赛车，他经常逃脱罚款。

②（93/12）…andtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadifficultandcomplexanalysisbymeansofhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.化学家借助他的天平和刻度精细的秤来完成困难复杂的分析过程。

③*Thereisafinedistinctionbetweenyournormaldreamandambition.你的正常梦想和雄心壮志之间的差别很微小。

18.                handsome ①英俊的；②慷慨的，数量可观的

  *$500isquiteahandsomebirthdaypresent.五百美元是相当大方的生日礼物。

19.                inferior  adj.①差/次的；②下等/级的        

                 n. 下级，晚辈             

  （90/5）Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites.这导致支持“先天论”的人得出这样的结论：

黑人从生物学的角度上看劣于白种人。

20.                raw①天然的，未经开发的rawmaterial；②生的，未煮过的eatsth.raw

   （94/2）Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterials