太阳能发电中英文翻译Solarelectricalenergygeneration文献翻译.docx

太阳能发电中英文翻译Solarelectricalenergygeneration文献翻译.docx

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太阳能发电中英文翻译Solarelectricalenergygeneration文献翻译

文献翻译

英文原文：

Solarelectricalenergygeneration

Alongwitheconomicaldevelopment,society'sprogress,thepeopletotheenergyproposedthatmoreandmorehighrequest,seeksforthenewenergytobecometheurgenttopicwhichthecurrenthumanityfaces.Theexistingenergymainlyhas3kinds,namelythermalpower,waterandelectricityandnuclearpower.

Thethermalpowerneedstoburnfossilfuelsandsoonbunkercoal,petroleum.Ontheonehandthefossilfuelreserveslimited,thefeverareless,isfacingthedangerwhichdriesup.Itisestimatedthattheworldoilresourcewillhave30yearsthentodryupagain.OntheotherhandthecombustionfuelwilldischargeCO2andthesulfuroxidecompound,willthereforecausethegreenhouseeffectandtheacidrain,willworsentheterrestrialenvironment.

Thewaterandelectricitymustsubmergethemassivelands,hasthepossibilitytocausetheecologicalenvironmenttodestroy,moreoverlargereservoir,oncecollapses,theconsequencewillbeinconceivable.Moreover,country'shydro-electricresourcesarealsolimited,moreovermustreceivetheseasoninfluence.

Thenuclearpowerinthenormalconditionnodoubtisclean,buthasthenuclearleakageaccidentally,theconsequenceissimilarlyfearful.TheformerSovietUnionChernobylNuclearPowerStationaccident,hascaused9,000,000peopletoreceivethevaryingdegreeharm,moreoverthisinfluencehasnotterminated.

Theseforcethepeopletoseekforthenewenergy.Thenewenergymustsimultaneouslymeettwoconditions:

First,theimplicationrichwillnotdryup;Second,issafe,isclean,willnotthreatenthehumanityandthedestructionenvironment.Atpresentfoundthenewenergymainlyhadtwokinds：

first,solarenergy;second,fuelcell.Moreover,thewindpowergenerationmayalsobetheauxiliarynewenergy.And,themostidealnewenergyisgreatlypositiveenergy.

1.Thesolarelectricalenergygenerationisthemostidealnewenergy

ShinesishugeonEarth'ssolarenergy,about40minutesshineonEarth'ssolarenergy,thensufficientlysuppliesglobalhumanityoneyearenergytheexpense.Itcanbesaidthatthesolarenergyistrueinexhaustible,theinexhaustibleenergy.Moreoverthesolarelectricalenergygenerationisabsolutelyclean,doesnothavetheenvironmentaldamage.Thereforethesolarelectricalenergygenerationishonoredasistheidealenergy.

Obtainstheelectricpowerfromthesolarenergy,mustcarryontheelectro-opticaltransformationthroughthegreatlypositivebatterytorealize.Itcompletelywasformerlydifferentwithotherpowersourceelectricitygenerationprinciple,hasthefollowingcharacteristic:

①Non-depletiondanger;②Clean（doesnothaveenvironmentaldamage）absolutely;③Itisnotdistributedtheresourcestheregionthelimit;④Butisusingelectricityplacenearbygenerateselectricity;⑤Theenergyqualityishigh;⑥Theusereasytoacceptfromthesentiment;⑦Thegainenergyexpenditure'stimeisshort.Thedeficiencyis:

①Theilluminationenergydistributiondensityissmall,namelymusttakethehugearea;②Obtainstheenergywithfourseasons,thedayandnightsandcloudyclearandsoonmeteorologicalconditionsconcerns.Butgenerallyspeaking,theflawdoesnotcoverthefinejade,takesthenewenergy,thesolarenergyhastheenormousmerit,thereforereceivesvariouscountriesthevalue.

Mustenablethesolarelectricalenergygenerationtoachievethepracticalleveltruly;first,mustraisethesolarenergyelectro-opticconversionefficiencyandreduceitscost;second,mustrealizethesolarelectricalenergygenerationwithpresent'selectricalnetworknetworking.

Atpresent,solarpanelsmainlyhasthemono-crystallinesilicon,thepolycrystallinesilicon,theamorphousstatesiliconthreekinds.Themono-crystallinesiliconsolarcellconversionefficiencyishighest,hasreachedabove20%,butthepriceisalsothemostexpensive.Theamorphousstatesiliconsolarcellconversionefficiencyislowest,butthepriceisthecheapest,fromnowonmostwillbehopefulusesingenerallygeneratingelectricitywillbethiskindofbattery.Onceitsbigareamoduleelectro-opticconversionefficiencyachieves10%,eachwattgeneratingsetpricefallsto1-2USdollars,thensufficientlycompetewithpresent'selectricitygenerationway.Itisestimatedthatattheendofthiscenturyitmayachievethislevel.

Certainly,inthespecialuseandthelaboratoryusesthesolarcellefficiencymustbemuchhigher,iftheUSBoeingdevelopsbythegalliumarsenicsemiconductorwiththepositiveelectricityplacewhichtoothestibiumgalliumsemiconductoroverlapsbecomes,theelectro-opticconversionefficiencymayreach36%,hascaughtupwiththecoal-burningelectricitygenerationefficiencyquickly.Butbecauseitistooexpensive,atpresentcanonlyberestrictedonthesatelliteuses.

2.Solarelectricalenergygenerationapplication

Althoughsolarelectricalenergygenerationdayandnights,clearandrain,seasoninfluence,butmaycarryonscattered,thereforeitissuitableforvariouseachhouseholdminutetocarryontheelectricitygenerationseverally,moreovermustjoininthepowersupplynetwork,causeseachfamilywhentheelectricpoweriswealthymaysoldittotheElectricitycompany,whentheinsufficiencybepossiblefromtheElectricitycompanytobuyup.Realizesthispoint’stechnologynottobedifficulttosolve,thekeyliesinmusthavethecorrespondinglegalsafeguard.NowtheUS,Japanandsoondevelopedcountryhasmadethecorrespondinglaw,guaranteedthatcarriesonthesolarelectricalenergygenerationthefamilybenefit,encouragesthefamilytocarryonthesolarelectricalenergygeneration.

Japanhasrealizedthesolarelectricalenergygenerationsystemthesameelectricitycompanyelectricalnetwork'snetworkinginApril,1992,hadsomefamiliestostarttoinstallthesolarelectricalenergygenerationequipment.TheJapaneseMinistryofInternationalTradeandIndustrystartedfrom1994takeindividualhousingasanobject,implementedtopurchasesthesolarelectricalenergygenerationequipment'sexpensetosubsidize2/3systems.Requeststhefirstyearhad1000householdsfamilies,when2000tohave70,000householdsfamiliestoinstallthesolarelectricalenergygenerationequipment.

AccordingtotheJapaneseDepartmentconcernedestimatesintheJapanese21,000,000householdsindividualhousing,ifhas80%toinstallthesolarelectricalenergygenerationequipment,thenmaysatisfy14%whichthenationaltotalpowerneeds,ifunitsandsoonfactoryandofficebuildingalsocarryonthesolarelectricalenergygenerationwiththeroom,thenthesolarelectricalenergygenerationwilloccupythenationalelectricpower30%-40%.ThecurrenthindrancesolarelectricalenergygenerationpopularmostprimaryfactoristheexpenseisexpensiveInordertosatisfythegeneralfamilypowerrequirement3kilowattgeneratingsystem,needs6,000,000to7,000,000JapaneseYen,hasnotincludedtheinstallmentwages.Theconcernedexpertbelievedthatwhenmustfallatleastto1,000,000to2,000,000JapaneseYen,thesolarelectricalenergygenerationonlythencanpopularizetruly.Thekeytoreducetheexpenselieinthesolarcelltoraisetheconversionefficiencyandtoreducethecost.

Sometimeago,theUSTexasInstrumentsCompanyandSCECorporationannouncedthattheydeveloponekindofnewsolarcell,eachunitisthediameterlessthan1millimeterbead,theydistributeregularlydenselyandnumerouslyonthesoftaluminumfoil,lookslikemanysilkwormeggstoclingonthepaperisthesame.Thendistributesinabout50squarecentimetersareahas1,700suchunits.Thiskindofnewbattery'scharacteristicis,althoughtheconversionefficiencyhas8%-10%,butthepriceischeap.Moreoveraluminumfoilbottombushsoftsolid,maylookliketheclothtofoldequallyatwill,anddurable,hangsintowardthesunplacethenmaygenerateelectricity,isconvenient.Itissaidthatusesthiskindofnewsolarcell,solongaseachwattpowercapacityequipment1.5to2USdollars,moreovereachroundofonceelectricity'sexpensemightalsofallto14centsabout,definitelymaycompetewiththeordinarypowerplant.Eachfamilyhangsthiskindofbatteryontheroof,thewalltowardthesun,everyyearmayobtain1,000-2,000degreeselectricpowers.

3.Solarelectricalenergygenerationprospect

Thesolarelectricalenergygenerationhasamoreexcitingplan.First,Japanproposescreatesthecenturyplan.Preparesthedesertandtheseaareacarriesontheelectricitygenerationusingtheground,andthroughsuperconductingcablewholeworldsolarpowerstationconnectionunificationelectricalnetworkinordertoglobal.Accordingtoreckoning,to2000,in2050,in2100,evenifallusesthesolarelectricalenergygenerationsuppliesthewholeworldenergy,theoccupyinglandareaisalso651,100squarekilometer,1,867,900squarekilometer,8,291,900squarekilometers.8,291,900squarekilometersonlyoccupythecompleteseaarea2.3%orthecompletedesertarea51.4%,evenistheSaharaarea91.5%.Thereforethisplanhasthepossibilitytorealize.

Anotheroneisthespaceelectricitygenerationplan.Asearlyasin1980theNASAandDepartmentofEnergyproposedthatinthespatialconstructionsolarpowerstationtentativeplan,preparesonthesynchronousorbittoputonelong10kilometers,toextend5kilometerbigplates,abovecoversentirelythesolarcell,likethisthenmayprovide5,000,000kilowattselectricpowers.Butthisneedstosolvetothegroundwirelesselectrictransmissionquestion.Alreadyproposedwiththemicrowavebeam,thelaserbeamandsooneachkindofplan.Atpresentalthough