chapter1上课笔记.docx

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chapter1上课笔记

Chapter1动词的时态和语态

IwouldliketoapplyforthejobofhotelofficemanagerattheParadiseHotel.

IcomefromMexicoCity,wheremyfamilyownsahotel.Iworkedinthefamilybusinesspart-timewhenIwasinhighschool.Afterhighschool,IstudiedhotelandrestaurantmanagementattheNationalUniversityofMexico.IcametotheU.Sin2002becauseIwantedtocontinuemyeducationandlearnaboutmanaginglargerhotels.SinceIcametotheU.S,IhaveworkedinseveralAmericanhotels.OvertheyearsmyEnglishhasimproved,andInowconsidermyselfbilingual,fluentinbothSpanishandEnglish,whichisaplusinthehotelbusiness.IhavealsostudiedFrenchandcanspeakitfairlywell.IhavebeenaU.Scitizenforthepasttwoyears.

Ireceivedmybachelor'sdegreefromtheUniversityofIllinoisin2004andmymaster'sdegreefromNorthwesternUniversityin2006.Forthepastfewyears,IhavebeenworkingattheTownandCountryHotel.Asyoucanseefrommyresume,Ihavehadalotofexperienceinvariousaspectsofthehotelbusiness.NowthatIhavemydegreeinbusinessadministration,Iamreadytoassumemoreresponsibilities.

Ifyouhavealreadyfilledthemanager'sposition,Iwouldlikeyoutoconsidermeforanyotherpositionsatyourhotel.Ihavealwayslovedthehotelbusiness,andIknowIcanbeanassettoyourhotel.

Thankyouforconsideringmyapplication.Ilookforwardtomeetingwithyousoon.

Sincerely,

DanielMendoza

1.Danielhasbeen(be)inChicagoforafewyears.Hehashad(have)severalinterviews.Mr.Johnsongot(get)aletterfromDaniellastweek.Therehavebeen(be)manyapplicationsforthejobsincetherecruitmentinformationwasposted(post)ontheofficialwebsite.Accordingtohisresume,Daniel'sparentshavealwaysbeen(always,be)inthehotelbusiness.Danielhasneverworked(never,work)asaprogrammer.Hehadwritten(write)manycoverlettersbeforehewrote(write)thisone.Ourcompanyhasinterviewed(interview)20applicantssofar.MaybeDanielwillbeinterviewed(interview)bytheHRmanagernextweek.Wewillhavefinished(finish)therecruitmentbytheendofthismonth.

2.HRmanager---HRDaniel--D

HR:

I(have)lookedatyourresume.Iseeyouworkinahotel.

D:

Yes,Ido.

HR:

Howlonghaveyoubeendoingthisjob?

D:

Ihavebeendoingthisjobforonlyashorttime.ButIhavegainedalotexperienceinthehotelbusiness.Infact,myparentsownahotelinMexico.

HR:

Howlonghaveyourparentsownedahotel?

D:

Mostoftheirlives.

HR:

Haveyouseenyourparentsrecently?

D:

Yes,Ihave.MymotherhasbeentotheU.Safewtimestoseeme.Butmyfatherhasneverbeenherebecausesomeonehastostayatthehotelallthetime.Hehastoldmemanytimes,"Whenyouareanownerofabusiness,youdon'thavetimeforvacations."ButIdon'twanttobeanownernow.Ijustwantajobasamanager.Haveyoufilledthepositionyet?

HR:

No,wehaven't.Ihavealreadyinterviewedseveralpeopleandwillinterviewafewmorethisweek.Whenwemakeourdecision,wewillletyouknow.

 

时间

时态

标志词

过去的过去

Haddone

by+过去时间,过去动作

before+过去动作

过去

Did

具体过去时间点yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in2000

过去的过去延续到过去

Hadbeendoing

by+过去时间,过去动作

before+过去动作

过去做的动作已经完成,但对现在产生影响

Havedone

1.already,yet,recently,lately,asyet(否定句)系列

2.often,sometimes,rarely,always频度副词系列

3.now,just,thismorning,thisyear表示包括现在在内的时间状语系列

过去做的动作到现在仍未完成

Havebeendoing

1)since,for

2)until,till,uptonow,uptothepresent,sofar,thusfar,in/forthepast/lastfewyears

现在

Do

1)主将从现

2)真理

将来的7种表达方式和区别

1.Willdo

2.Begoingtodo

3.do/does

4.betodo

5.bedoing

6.Beaboutto

7.Willbedoing

1.一般将来,无计划,随机。

2.有计划,非随机。

或者有迹象表明。

3.时间表。

(begin,leave,start,arrive,return)

4.正式计划。

“定于”

5.位移动词(come,arrive,leave,return,meet,

start...)。

6.马上要发生。

(美式英语)

7.将来一段时间内。

将来某个时间点

Willhavedone

by/before+将来时间/动作

站在过去说将来

Woulddo

宾语从句

Itistimewegotdowntowritingourpaper/thesis.

IwishIwere25andcoulddowhateverIwanttodo.

Iwaswonderingifyoucouldcomeovertospendtheweekendtogether.

2.3.4

2)Youarealwayscomplaining.

3)她老爱吹嘘她家孩子怎么怎么地。

4)Ihavewaitedfor2hours.

5)Ihavebeenwaitingfor2hours.

2.3.5Sb.wasdoingAwhenBhappened.做A过程中突发B

我刚要离家时电话响了。

他刚要关机时msn好友朝他微笑了.

Theplanewastakingoffwhentheaccidenthappened.

再加一句:

就在我们纠结是否要在湖里游泳时,突然下暴雨了。

Wewerehesitatingwhethertoswiminthelakeornotwhenthestormstarted.

Whenthestormstarted,wewerehesitatingwhethertoswiminthelakeornot.

2.3.6现在完成时用于时间或条件状语从句,表示将来某时以前业已完成的动作。

1.Theywillsetoutat6ifithasstoppedrainingbythen.如果6点时雨停了,他们就出发。

2.书读完以后我会把它归还给图书馆的。

IwillreturnthebooktothelibrarywhenIhavefinishedreadingit.

2.3.7IwenttoJapanlastyear.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadtravelledonacruiseship.

2.3.8Hope,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose,want用于过去完成时,表示未曾实现的希望和打算。

Ihadintendedtocomeovertoseeyoulastnight,butsomeonecalledandIcouldn'tgetaway.

我本打算昨晚来看你的,但是有人打电话过来我走不开。

她们本想帮忙准备晚饭,但是因为堵车,没能及时赶到母亲家。

Theyhadintended/wantedtohelppreparedinner,buttheydidn'tarriveattheirmom'shomeintimebecauseofthegridlock.

2.3.9在nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely/barely...when句型中,用到过去完成时。

Hehadnosoonerlefthomethantwomenbrokeintohishouse.改为倒装

Nosoonerhadhelefthomethantwomenbrokeintohishouse.他前脚离开家,后脚就有两个人破门而入。

保姆刚把婴儿放到摇篮里(cradle),婴儿就开始大哭。

(hardly,倒装)

Hardlyhadthenannyputthebabyinthecradlewhenthebabystartedcryingloudly.

2.3.11在“Howlong...?

”疑问句中,一般用到现在完成进行时

你跟她约会多久啦?

Howlonghaveyoubeendatingwithher?

/Howlonghaveyoubeengoingout?

sit,lie,wait等动词,一般更多使用现在完成进行时

Ihavebeensittinginthecafeallafternoon.

你在床上躺了一天了,你不感觉头晕吗?

Youhavebeenlyinginbedwholeday,don'tyoufeeldizzy?

你考虑(ponder)这个问题已经有多久了?

该是你做决定的时候了。

Howlonghaveyoubeenponderingthisproblem?

Itistimeyoumadeadecision.

PS体会这句中现在完成进行时的用法:

Myhandsaredirty.Ihavebeenpaintingallday.

--哦,家里真乱啊!

--是啊,我一天都在试图找出我的结婚戒指。

它不见了。

Wow,whatamess!

Yeah,Ihavebeentryingtofindmyweddingringforawholeday.It'sgone.

2.3.12将来完成时是考试常考内容,通常与by,before,when等词连用

BythetimeyougettoShanghaitomorrow,IwillhaveleftforChengdu.Iamafraidwecan'tcelebrateouranniversarytogether.

当Clayton教授后年退休时,他将在这个大学从教40年了。

BythetimeProfessorClaytonretirestheyearafternext,hewillhaveworked/taughtintheuniversityfor40years.

同时,对一个可能已经完成的动作的推测,也会用到将来完成时。

一般用于第二三人称。

Itisfiveo'clock,theywillhavefinishedtheirmeetingbynow.Youknow,themeetingstartedat7am.五点了,他们该开完会了。

要知道,会议早上七点就开始了。

2.3.15Itis+一段时间+since+从句(亦可用现在完成时ithasbeen+一段时间+since+从句,但考试更常见前者)

ItistenyearssinceImovedtoShanghai.

好久不见。

最近在干嘛?

ItisalongtimesinceImetyoulasttime.Whathaveyoubeendoingrecently?

我上次去电影院都是10年前的事儿了。

ItistenyearssinceIwenttothemovietheatrelasttime.

2.3.16

1.hadbeenwaiting

2.turnedup

3.explained

4.hadbeenheldup

5.didn'tfind

6.hadbeenblowing

7.(had)called

8.waslying

9.hadbeendriving

10.(had)appeared

11.(had)braked

12.(had)skidded

13.(had)managed

14.wasfilledup

15.waswearing

16.hadtied

17.waspulling

18.opened

19.jumped

20.hadswum

Exercise1:

Checkthesentenceorclausethatbestcompletetheidea:

1.Ican'tsleep.Thepeopleinthenextapartment...

___havemadealotofnoise.___havebeenmakingalotofnoise.

2.He'sbeensickallweek.

___He'sstayedinbed.___He'sbeenstayinginbed.

3.Sheisunhappy.

___Shehasjustlostherjob.___Shehasbeenlosingherjob.

4.Shelostherjob3weeksago.Shehasn'thadmuchfreetimerecentlybecause...

___Shehaslookedforanewjob.___Shehasbeenlookingforanewjob.

5.Mywritinghasbeenimprovingalotbecause...

___Ihavewrittenacomposition._____Ihavebeenwritingcompositions.

6.Atfirstsheplannedtomove,butnowshedoesn'twantto.

___Shehaschangedhermind.____Shehasbeenchanginghermind.

7.NowIcanpayformycarbecauseI...

___havereceivedacheckfrommyinsurancecompany.

___havebeenreceivingacheckfrommyinsurancecompany.

8.EveryweekIput20%ofmysalaryinthebank.IplantobuyahouseassoonasIcan.

___Ihavesavedmymoney.___Ihavebeensavingmymoney.

9.Iamgoingtobecomeanengineer.

___Ihavemademydecision.___Ihavebeenmakingmydecision.

Exercise2:

correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentencesifthereisany:

∙1.Correct:

Ithasbeenrainingfortwodays.

∙2.Correct:

Thebabyhasbeensleepingforthreehoursnow.

∙3.Correct:

Isawhimyesterday.

∙4.Correct:

HereturnedfromLondonlastweek.

∙5.Correct:

Seethatyoudonotdoanydamage.

Itiswrongtousethefuturetenseinthesubordinateclausewhentheverbinthemainclauseisintheimperativemood.

∙6.Correct:

Iwillcallyouwhenthedinnerisready.

∙7.Correct:

Hewillhelpifyouaskhim.

∙8.Correct:

Iwent/havebeentoNewYorkrecently.

∙9.Correct:

Iwrotetohimlastweek.

∙10.Correct:

Wewenttothepictureslastnight.

∙11.Correct:

Hesaidthathehadbeensufferingfromfeverforthreedays.

∙12.Correct:

Themancomplainedthathiswatchhadbeenstolen.

∙13.Correct:

Thedoctorconcludedthatthemanhaddiedtwelvehoursago.

Afterif,unlessandwordswithsimilarmeanings,weoftenusepastverbformstotalkaboutthepresentorfuture.

∙14.Correct.

∙15.correct.

∙16.correct

Afterit’stime,wouldratherandwish

Pastverbformscanbeusedwithapresentorfuturemeaningaftertheseexpressions.

∙17.correct

∙18.correct

Inquestionsandrequests

Wecanmakequestions,requestsandofferssoundmorepolitebyusingpasttenses.CommonexpressionsareIwondered,Ithought,Ihopedetc.Pastprogres

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