Lesson10TheTrialThatRocked__theWorld高级英语第一册教学教案.pptx

Lesson10TheTrialThatRocked__theWorld高级英语第一册教学教案.pptx

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LessonTenTheTrialThatRockedtheWorld,Objectives,TounderstandthetextTolearnthebackgroundaboutFundamentalismTolearntheconflictbetweenFundamentalismandDarwinism,TeachingContents,1.Introduction2.Detailedstudyofthetext3.Structureanalysis4.Languageappreciation5.Summaryofwordsandphrases6.Exercises,BackgroundMaterial,1.AbouttheauthorandthetrialJohnScopes,ahighschoolscienceteacherinDayton,Tennessee,whowasaccusedofbreakingthelawbyteachingevolution.Hewasthedefendantinthecase.Afterthetrial,hedecidedtowriteastorydescribingthehighlightsofthisfamoustrial.ThenameofJohnScopesbecamesynonymouswiththistrial,whichispopularlyknownasthemonkeytrial（theScopestrial）.Afilm,calledInherittheWind,wasmadeofthetrial,withmuchofthedialoguecomingdirectlyfromthetranscriptsofthecourtproceedings.JohnScopesdiedin1979.,BackgroundMaterial,2.TheclashbetweenthefundamentalistsandthemodernistsThefundamentalistmovement:

aconservativeandfanaticallyreligiousAmericanProtestantmovementthatbeganintheearly20thcenturyinoppositiontomodernscientifictendency.ItwasstronginpartsoftheU.S.,especiallytheSouth,atthetime.ThefundamentalistsadheredtoaliteralinterpretationofeverythingintheBibleandregardedthebeliefsasfundamentaltoChristianfaithandmorals.ThemodernistsacceptedthetheoryadvancedbyCharlesDarwinthatallanimallife,includingmonkeysandmen,hadevolvedfromacommonancestor.,BackgroundMaterial,3.MaincharactersinthetrialJohnScopesThedefendantcounsels（counselsforthedefense）:

ClarenceDarrow;DudleyFieldMaloneTheprosecutorcounsel（counselfortheprosecution）WilliamJenningsBryan,BackgroundMaterial,WhatdoyouknowaboutDarwinandhisOntheOriginofSpecies?

1809-1882,Englishnaturalistandbiologist,originatorofthetheoryofmansevolutionbynaturalselectionIn1859,CharlesDarwinpublishedhisgreatwork,OntheOriginofSpecies.Heclaimedthatallorganisms,includingourselves,aretheproductsofaslow,naturalprocessofdevelopmentevolution.,SocialBackgroundofDarwins,QueenVictoriacametothethronein1837,whenshewas18yearsold.Sheruledfor63yearsuntil1901,longerthananyotherBritishKingorqueenhadeverruled.ThisperiodcametobeknownastheVictorianAge.Duringthisperiod,greateconomic,social,andpoliticalchangestookplaceandGreatBritainbecamethestrongestandrichestcountryintheworld.TheBritishEmpire,whichincludedCanada,Australia,India,NewZealand,andlargepartsofAfrica,hadaboutaquarteroftheworldslandandaboutaquarteroftheworldspeople.WealthpouredintoBritainfromitscolonies.Industryandtradeexpandedrapidly,andthecountrybecameknownastheworkshopoftheworld,bytheendoftheage,Britainwasbecomingmorethebankeroftheworld.Scienceandtechnologymadegreatadvances.Peoplewerebettereducated.Themiddleclassgrewenormously.Literatureflourished.Inaddition,thegovernmentintroduceddemocraticreforms.,SocialBackgroundofDarwins,InspiteoftheprosperityoftheVictorianAge,workersinbothfactoriesandfarmsstilllivedinterriblepoverty.CharlesDickens,thegreatestnovelistoftheage,alsodescribedinhisnovelsthemiserablelifeandthecrueltreatmentofthepoor.Today,peopleusuallylaughatthemiddleclassoftheVictorianAge,becausetheyalwaystriedtobehaveinawaythatwasconsideredsociallyacceptable,theyweretooself-satisfiedandunwillingtolistentoothersopinions.ManyVictoriansregardedpleasureassin,andpovertyasGodspunishmentforlaziness.DailyfamilyprayerandSundayBible-readingremindedtheirchildrenthatobediencewasthegreatestvirtue.TheearlyVictorianfatherwaslikeakinginthehome,andheexpectedtobeobeyedbyalltheothermembersofthefamily.Hiswifewassupposedtobehisfaithfulcompanion,herplacewasinthehome,andshehadnorighttolookforjobsoutsidethehome.Eveninthehome,herinterestsandconversationwerestrictlycontrolled.ThehighestvirtueoftheVictorianwomenwassexualpurity.,SocialBackgroundofDarwins,TheVictorianswereextremelyreligious.TheybelievedeverywordoftheBible,sothatwhenCharlesDarwinpublishedhisscientificideaabouttheoriginofman,itcausedanangryprotest.Bishopsangrilyresistedthesuggestionthattheyweredescendedfrommonkeys;thescientistsrepliedthattheywouldratherbedescendedfrommonkeysthanfrombishops.DarwinwasagoodChristian,andhebelievedthatascientificstudyofGodsworldcouldleadtobetterunderstandingofGodspurposeandmansduty.YetthetheoriesofDarwinandotherscientistsledmanypeopletofeelthattraditionalvaluescouldnolongerguidetheirlives.,DetailedStudyoftheText:

1.AboutthetitleTheTrialThatRockedtheWorldrock:

tocausegreatshockandsurprisetoThetrialthatcausegreatshockandsurprisetotheworld（in1925）,DetailedStudyoftheText:

Para.11.Abuzzranthroughthecrowd.thatswelteringJulydayin1925:

buzz：

thevibratingsoundofabee；thesoundofmanypeoplewhisperingortalkingexcitedlyinlowtonesranthroughthecrowd:

spreadamongthepeoplewhohadcometowatchthetrialasItookmyplaceinthepackedcourt:

asIwenttomyseatinthecourtwhichwascrowdedwithpeoplesweltering：

oppressivelyhotandhumid;veryhot,causingunpleasantness,Para.1,silver-tonguedorator:

persuasive,eloquentpublicspeakerthefundamentalistmovementthathadbroughtaboutthetrial:

ThetrialwasbroughttocourtbyScopesandhislawyers.However,itwasthefundamentalistmovementwhichmadethetrialnecessary,becauseitwasthismovementthathadcreatedthereligiousatmospherethatwasresponsibleforthelawwhichprohibitedtheteachingofevolutionintheschools,anditwastheexistenceofthatlawwhichmadeitnecessarytoholdatrialtochallengethelaw.,Para.2,NowIwasinvolvedinatrialreportedtheworldover:

NowIfoundmyselfinatrialreportedallovertheworld.Seatedincourt,readytotestifyonmybehalf,.ofHarvardUniversity:

readytotestifyonmybehalf:

preparedtoprovideevidencetosupportorhelpme/benefitmeon（in）somebodysbehalf,on（in）behalfofsomebody:

tobenefit,support,servetheinterestsofsomebody,Para.23.Dontworry,son.Wellshowthemafewtricks,.aswewerewaitingforthecourttoopen:

son:

affectionatetermWellshowthemafewtricks:

Welldoafewthingstooutwitthem（theprosecution）;wehavesomecleverandunexpectedtacticsandwewillsurprisetheminthetrial.reassuringarm：

Obviouslythearmcantbereassuring!

inareassuringmanner,afriendlygesturetoputJohnatease.transferredepithet,Para.3,1.Thecasehaderuptedroundmyhead.atthesecondaryschool:

erupt:

emergesuddenlyandviolently;explodeThecasehadcomedownuponmeunexpectedlyandviolently;Iwassuddenlyengulfedbythewholeaffair.2.Aclashhadbeenbuildingupbetweenthefundamentalistsandthemodernists:

Theconflicthadbecomemoreandmoreintense,Para.91.WhenIwasindictedonMay7,famoustrialsinU.S.history:

indict:

tocharge（someone）formallywithanoffenceinlawwhenIwasindicted:

whenaformalaccusationwasmadeagainstmeofbreakingthislawleastofallI:

I,lessthananyoneelsesnowball:

metaphorgrowrapidlyinsizeorsignificanceParaphrase:

Iwasthelastonetoexpectthatmycasewouldgrow（ordevelop）intooneofthemostfamoustrialsinU.S.history.,Para.9,assistthestateinprosecutingme:

Sincethecaserevolvesaroundastatelaw,thestateofTennesseeistheoffendedparty;itisthestatewhichprosecutesScopes.ThusthetrialwouldbecalledtheStateofTennesseevs.JohnScopes.BryanvolunteeredtobethelawyeronbehalfoftheState.ironically:

referstoincongruitybetweenwhatmighthavebeenexpectedandactuallyhappened.OnewouldhaveexpectedthathewouldhaveknownDarrowwhowasgoingtodefendhimandnothaveknownBryanwhowasgoingtoprosecutehim.,Para.101.ourtownof1500peoplepeoplehadtaken.acircusatmosphere:

takeon:

begintohave（thelookof）Allkindsofactivitiesweregoingoninthetownandtherewasakindofnoisyholidayspiritthere.（Suddenlythetownwastransformedintoakindofcircuswithmanypeoplecomingtohearthetrial.Thetownpeopletookadvantageofthesuddeninfluxofvisitorstoexpandtheirbusinessactivities.）,Para.102.Thestreetsaroundthethree-storey.andwatermelons:

sprout:

growordevelopquicklyrickety:

easytofallorbreakdownbecauseofweakness;shakyThesericketystands,whichappearedsuddenlyeverywhere,soldhotdogs,religiousbooks,watermelons,etc.Thisemphasizethetownscircusatmosphere.Religiousbooksweresoldbecausemanyreligiouspeopleattendedthistrial.3.Evangelistssetupcentstoexhortthepassersby:

evangelist:

thepersonwhopreachestheChristiangospel,esp.atravelingpreacherexhort:

urgeearnestlyThetravelingpreacherserectedtentstourgepeoplepassingbytobelieveinGod.,4.Butlerwasa49-year-oldfarmer.hisnativecounty:

beforehiselection:

beforehewaselectedtotheTennesseelegislaturehadneverbeenoutofhisnativecounty:

Hisexperienceandvisionwerelimited.Hewasnarrow-minded.Para.111.Imjistareglarmountaineerjedge.:

Imjustanordinaryjudgefromthemountains.Uneducatedfalsemodestysouthern,Para.11Bryan,ageingaridpaunchy.TomSteward:

attorneygeneral:

chieflawofficerandlegalexpertofthegovernmentatastateortheU.S.Besidestheshrewd68-year-oldDarrow.steepedinthelaw:

1）shrewd:

astute,sharp,clever,nottobeoutwitted;implyingnegativequalitiescunning,tricky,dishonest2）magnetic:

stronglyattractive；saidofaperson,personalityetc.3）steepedinthelaw:

thoroughlyfamiliarwiththelaw,Para.11,4.Inatrialinwhichreligion.aCatholicandHaysaJew:

inatrialinwhichreligionplayedakeyrole：

Scopeswasaccusedofviolatingthelawwhichproh