四级真题答案.docx

四级真题答案.docx

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四级真题答案

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2011年12月英语四六级真题及答案专题  

　　作文：

　　Nothingsucceedswithoutastrongwill

　　Thereisaprevalentjokearoundyoungpeoplesayingthat‘quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld,andI’vedoneitforhundredsoftimes.’Thisseeminglyfunnystatementironicallyreflectsthefactthatthedeterminationofmostyoungstersisoftentimesstartedwithenthusiasm,butthepassionbecomesincreasinglyweakereachday,andthendiminishesasiftherehasbeennosuchthingatall.

　　Itisobviousthattheirfailurein‘quittingsmoking’anddeclineofdeterminationareallascribedtotheirlackofwill.Initially,everysuccessinvolvesseveralstagesofsetbacksandrisks,andweneedtosummonupourwilltoconquerthem.Moreover,thereareenormoustemptationinourpathofpursuitofsuccess.Forinstance,whenweplantoquitsmoking,ourroommatesmaysmokefreelyinfrontofus;whenweareeagertokeepfit,ourclosefriendsmayinviteustohavelatenightsnacks.Undertheseoccasions,onlystrongwillcanassistustoresistthetemptation,andpersistinchasingourgoalsuntilwetriumphantlyrealizethem.

　　Inshort,nodreamwillsuccessfullycometrueifwedonothavestrongwill.Anoldfamousproverbsaysthat‘wherethereisawill,thereisaway’.Letusbearthismottoninmindnomatterhowmanythundersandthornsareonourroadsahead,thenwewillbesuccessfulwithsuchpreciousandpowerfulspirit.

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　　原文：

　　WhyIntegrityMatters【查看原文出处】

WhatisIntegrity?

     ①.Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself（honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness）butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.

     Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?

Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.②.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?

Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.

     RiskyBusiness

     Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.

     Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.③.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.④.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.

     "ButEverybodyDoesIt"

     Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:

"Everyoneelsedoesit,""I'mnothurtinganyone,"or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:

"IknowI'mlookingatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI'mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.

     ⑤.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:

Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?

Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sagoodindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.

      EvaluatingRisks

     Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.⑥.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits（"what'sinitforme"）,andsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"0"onatestorassignment;an"F"intheclass;SuspensionorDismissalfromschool;transcriptnotation;andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:

youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.

     GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot

     ⑦.Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:

thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'tgetthissimplemessage:

HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.

     CheatingHurtsOthers,Too

      Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.（"IfIdon'tcheat,Ican'tcompetewiththosewhodo."）Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,but⑧.acheatersays,"I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.

     WhyIntegrityMatters

Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.⑨.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,⑩.Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.

     Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.

解析：

1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.

       A）stickstothemintheirdailylife

       B）makesthemknowntoothers

       C）understandstheirtruevalues

       D）seesthatothersalsofollowthem

选择stickstothemintheirdailylife

定位在原文第一段，文中说正直（integrity）的关键是一致性（consistency），不仅要有很多道德和伦理的准则，还要每天都坚守。

2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?

       A）Ithelpstocreateteamspirit

       B）Itfacilitatescommunication

       C）Itisthebasisofmutualtrust

       D）Itinspiresmutualrespect

选择Itisthebasisofmutualtrust.

题干问正直在人际关系和事业关系中扮演着什么样的角色。

定位回第二段，文中说“信任（trust）在任何关系中都是最根本的 （essential），而正直正是最重要的目标之一”。

3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake？

       A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.

       B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.

       C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.

       D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.

选择Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.

定位回原文第四段标红的句子，答案完全照抄原文。

4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?

       A.ithascausednoharm.

       B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.

       C.ithasgoneunnoticed.

       D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions

选择itisclaimedtobeunintentional.

定位至第四段倒数第二句，文中说“无意识的（unintentional）”并不能为这一违背（violation）道德的行为开脱。

5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?

       A.Avoidmakingexcuses.

       B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.

       C.Makehisintensionspublic.

       D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.

选择Avoidmakingexcus