考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版.docx

考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版.docx

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考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版

2007年考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism，manyoftheleadersofindependence3theideasofrepresentativegovernment，careers4totalent，freedomofcommerceandtrade，the5toprivateproperty，andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety，6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates，largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.

　　Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch，9，therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown，12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates，somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.

　　Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian，valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain's17colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.

　　1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals

　　2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully

　　3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected

　　4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted

　　5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return

　　6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally

　　7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical

　　8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform

　　9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover

　　10.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by

　　11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded

　　12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While

　　13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against

　　14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence

　　15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish

　　16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised

　　17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original

　　18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher

　　19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred

　　20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unpreparedfor

　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:

elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.

　　Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?

Hereareafewguesses:

a）certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b）winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c）soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d）noneoftheabove.

　　AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:

trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”

　　Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.

　　Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:

thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformers-whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming-arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.

　　21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto

　　[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.

　　[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.

　　[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.

　　[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.

　　22.Theword“mania”（Line4,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans

　　[A]fun.

　　[B]craze.

　　[C]hysteria.

　　[D]excitement.

　　23.AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory

　　[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.

　　[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.

　　[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.

　　[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.

　　24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat

　　[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.

　　[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.

　　[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.

　　[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.

　　25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?

　　[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”

　　[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”

　　[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”

　　[D]“Likefather,likeson.”

Text2

　　Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228-thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe（whoseIQis100）as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?

Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?

It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.

　　Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?

Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?

　　ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:

theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales（bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion）.Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest（SAT）andtheGraduateRecordExam（GRE）,capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.

　　Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?

”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership-thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.

　　26.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?

　　[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.

　　[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.

　　[C]Tellingthedifferencesbet