专四语法复习从句篇.docx
《专四语法复习从句篇.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专四语法复习从句篇.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
专四语法复习从句篇
从句专题
从句引导词的确定
从句引导词通常起两个作用①引导和连接主从句
2在从句中作某种成分
答题依据：
看它在句中做什么成分、表达什么意义
（一）主语从句
引导词：
从属连词一that,whether
连接代词一what,which,who,whom连接畐【J词一when,where,why,how
1Thatheisalwaysreadytohelpothersisknowntoall.
2Insomecountries,iscalled“equality”doesn'treallymeanequal
rightforequalpeople.
AwhichBwhatCthatDone
答案B
（二）宾语从句
引导词：
从属连词一that,whether,if
连接代词一what,which,who,whom（词尾加-ever加强语气）
连接畐词一when,where,why,how
1Bysuccess,Idon'tmeanusuallythoughtofwhenthatwordis
used.
AwhatisBthatweCasyouDallis
2Weagreedtoaccept__theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.
AwhicheverBwhoeverCwhateverDwhomever
3Thebasicfeaturesofcommunicationprocessareidentifiedinone
question:
whosays__throughwhatchanneltowhom?
AwhatBhowCwhenDsuch
4AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccess,shewonderswill
happenonherprivatelife.
AthisBthatCitDwhat
5Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatsto__comefirst.
AwhoeverBwhomeverCwhoDwhom
答案：
ABADA
（三）表语从句
引导词：
从属连词一that,whether,if
连接代词一what,which,who,whom
连接畐【J词一when,where,why,how
That'whattheydid./whyIdidn'tcome
Thequestioniswhetherweshallstayornot.
/howwecangetthere.
/whoheis.
/whomheislookingfor.
Thereasonis（that）heisill.
（四）同位语从句
引导词：
从属连词一that,whether
连接畐词一when,where,why,how
that—无意义，不做成分，但不能省略
同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词。
常见先行词有：
idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,question
及表示建议、命令、请求”的词（句中要用虚拟语气）
Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresults.
Therewasthequestionwhereweweretogo.
whatweweretodo.
whenweweretostart.howwecouldgetthere.
whyweshouldhelpthem.
区别：
同位语从句一解释、说明先行词
with
定语从句一修饰、限定先行词
1Therearesignsrestaurantsarebecomingmorepopular
families.
AthatBwhichCinwhichDwhose
2Themerefactmostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemadness
doesnotmeanthatitwillnotoccur.
AwhatBwhichCthatDwhy
答案AC
（五）定语从句
1定语从句引导词起三个作用：
1连接作用
2在从句中作某种成分
3替代先行词（因此从句中不能再有先行词或其代词）
2引导词：
关系代词一that,which,who,whom,as,whose
关系畐【J词一when,where,why—介词+关系代词which
n.短语+从句：
themoment/eachtime/thedistanee…+…
that,which:
先行词为事、物，在句中可作主语、宾语；
who,whom:
先行词为人，在句中可作主语、宾语；
whose:
先行词为人、事、物，在句中作定语；
as—先行词被thesame,such修饰或先行词本身就是thesame,such
--引导非限定性定语从句，代替整个句子，在从句中作主语或宾语
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichImetherforthefirsttime.
Thatwastheyearwhen/inwhichhewasborn.
Thisistheroomwheretheylivedfortenyears.
that/whichtheylivedinfortenyears.
inwhichtheylivedfortenyears.
Asiswellknown,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.
Asweallknow,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.
1Thisisthecity.
AIliketovisititmostBIliketovisitmost
CImostliketovisitDImostliketovisitit
2Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,overall
consumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.
AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhat
3Thehours__thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwith
TVpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.
AwhenBonwhichCthatDinwhich
答案：
BAC
3只用that:
①先行词既包括人又包括物
②先行词前有不定代词修饰或先行词本身为指物不定代词/复合不
定代词时
3先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰时
4先行词被序数词、adj.最高级修饰时
5先行词为疑问pron.时
Hetalkedloudlyofthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
Thereislittle/nothingthatIcando.
Heistheonlypersonthatisreliable.
Whothathavestudiedwithhimdonotadmirehim?
Nothingisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.
4介词+关系代词
不定pron./数词+介词+关系代词which/whom/whose+n.
解题依据：
①介词与关系代词（即先行词）为固定搭配
2介词与从句中某一词为固定搭配
1Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogresswhichsubsequently
therewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.
AtoBforCinDfrom
2Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextentwhichapricechange
willaffectsupplyanddemand.
Afrom
Bto
Cfor
Dwith
③Iboughtadozeneggs,brokewhenIdroppedtheboxatthe
door.
AsixeggsBsixeggsofthem
Csixofthem
Dsixofwhich
④
Heintroduced
metohisstudents,offeredtogowithme
guide.
Aoneofthem
Bonestudent
asa
Coneofwhom
⑤Theresidents,
Doneofwhich
hadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpby
theRedCross.
Balltheirhomes
Aalloftheirhomes
Cwhoseallhomes
6Thisisthetheory
Dallofwhosehomeswhichhisexperimentisbased.
Afrom
Bto
Con
Dfor
答案：
ABDCDC
（六）状语从句
1时间状语从句
常见引导词:
when,while,until/till,as,before,after,since,whenever,
assoonas,once,each/everytimenosooner…than…
hardly/scarcely…when…
考占：
p八、、•
when—正在这时…
before/after:
Itisalongtimebefore/after?
•…
since:
Itis/was…sinee（?
完成时）…
until/till①not…until…
2强调句式：
Itis/wasnotuntil+从句+that+主句
3not提到句首，句子倒装一
Notuntil+时间状语（从句）+部分倒装的主句
nosooner…than…&hardly/scarcely…when…
1时态：
主句--过去完成时；从句--过去时
2否定副词提到句首，句子要部分倒装
1）Ihadjuststarted
backforthehousetochangemyclothesI
heardvoices.
AasBwhenCafterDwhile
2）Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehillweallsatdownto
rest.
AwhenBthenCthanDuntil
3）Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,and
thisisespeciallytrue__itcomestoclassroomtests.
AwhenBsineeCbeforeDafter
4）Amanescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Itwasalongtimethe
guardsdiscoveredwhathadhappened.
AbeforeBuntilCsineeDafter
5）Youseethelightning__ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.
AtheinstantBforaninstant
ContheinstantDinaninstant
6）Itwasalmost10years__Ihadseenherlasttime.
AbeforeBafterCwhenDsinee
答案：
BCAAAD
2地点状语从句
常见引导词：
where,wherever
Boysalwaysgotoswimwherethewaterisdeep.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
3原因状语从句
常见弓丨导词：
because,as,for（并歹U句）,since,that,inthat,nowthat
seeing（that）…;given（that）…
Shewasdisappointedthatherserviceshadbeenoverlookedbyhersuperiors.
Givenherinterestinchildren/
Given（that）sheisinterestedinchildren,I'msureteachingistherightcareerforher.
Seeing（that）hewasbetter,theydidn'tsendforthedoctor.
because着重指直接的原因或理由，其所引导的从句为全句的重心，用以直接回答why
的问题，在本组词中语气最强。
既可放在句首，也可放在主句之后。
JustbecauseIdon'tcomplain,youmustn'tsupposethatI'msatisfied.
Hehadtoaskhisneighborforaridebecausehiscarwasbeingrepaired.
as多用于口语中，使用本词引导的从句时，主句为全句的重心，从句只是附带一地指
出原因或理由，语气比because和since弱，通常用于句首，如放在主句后，所说明的原因一般是对方知道的。
Ashewasn
treadyintime,wewentwithouthim.
Weremainedathomeasitwasraining.
for着重指附加或推断的理由、根据、解释，连接的是相对独立的并列句，不能
用于句首。
Iaskedhertostaytotea,forIhadsomethingtotellher.
since可放在句首或主句之后，有时与as同义，有让步的含义，着重指双方均已熟悉或稍加分析既可明白的理由，有时也指产生行动的自然原因，口语中较为少用。
Sinceeveryoneishere,let'sbeginourclass.
Sincewe'venomoney,wecan'tbuyit.
4结果状语从句
常见的引导词：
so（并列句）,that,sothat…;so…that…;such…that…;
Itwassocoldthattheriverhadfrozen.
ItwassuchaninterestingstorythatIcouldn'tstopreadingit.
5目的状语从句
常见弓丨导词：
that,sothat…;inorderthat
lest,forfearthat…;incase#拟语气）
Mandoesnotlivethathemayeat,buteatsthathemaylive.
Hereismytelephonenumbersothatyoucancallmewhenyouarriveherenexttime.
tmisstheexpresstrain.
Theyhadtogetupveryearlyinorderthattheywouldn
I'IIbekindtoherlestshedecidetoleaveme.
Hejottedthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.
Here'ssomemoneyincaseyoushouldneedit.
6条件状语从句
常见弓丨导词：
if,uniess,as/solongas,incase,onconditionthat,providing/provided（that）…
suppose/supposing（that）…
Youcan'tpasstheexamunlessyouworkharder.
fitrainstomorrow,Iwillgotoschoolbytaxi.
IcanlendyoumydictionaryasIongasyoucankeepitclean.
Pleaseletmeknowincasehecomes.
Shewouldbepreparedtocometotheparty,provided/providingthatshe
couldbringherdaughter.
Supposing/Supposeallthedoorswerelocked,howwouldyougetintothehouse?
7让步状语从句
常见弓丨导词：
though,although,as,evenif/though,while
forallthat...（尽管…）;whether•-or…;
nomatter+特殊疑问词/特殊疑问词+-ever
Evenifitisrainingveryhard,hewouldstillgototakecareoftheyoung
treesintheschoolyard.
Heisagoodcomradeforallthathemayhaveshortcomingsandfaults.
注：
1as引导让步状语从句，须用倒装语序。
倒装情况：
a把从句中作表语的adj./n.提到句首；若表语为单数可数名词
提前时要省略（即去掉）不定冠词
b把从句中作状语的adv.提到句首
c有时把从句中的谓语动词原形提到句首
Difficultastheworkwas,itwasfinishedontime.
Childasheis,hecanspeakEnglishfluently.
MuchasIrespecthim,Ican'tagreetohissuggestion.
Failashedid,hewouldtryagain.
2though引导让步状语从句可倒装可不倒装；although引导让步状语从句不能倒装
Verylatethoughitwas,theywentonworking./
Thoughitwasverylate,theywentonworking.
Airexistseverywherealthoughwecan'tseeit.
3nomatte叶特殊疑问词/特殊疑问词+-ever引导让步状语从句，从句中有时要用虚拟
语气：
may+动词原形或直接用动词原形；有时还要用倒装语序。
注意词序：
nomatterhow/however+adj./adv.+…
nomatterwhat/whatever+n._+…
Howeverrichpeopleare,theyalwaysseemanxioustomakemoney.
Nomatterwhatdifficultieswemayhave,wehaveconfideneein
ourselves.
Whatevermaycome,wewon'tleavetheworkhalfdone.—
Comewhatmay,wewon'tleavetheworkhalfdone.
Whoeveryoube,youhavenorighttodosuchathing.
4whether?
-or…引导让步状语从句，常省略whether，且把动词原形be提到句首。
Berichorpoor,heiskindtoeverybody.（Whetherheisrichorpoor）
Befriendorfoe,thelawregardshimascriminal.（Whetherheisafriend
orafoe,…）
8方式状语从句
常见引导词：
as,asif/though（有时用虚拟语气）
WheninRome,doas_theRomansdo.
Helooksasifheisill.（Heisreallyill.）
Hetalksasifhewereascholar.（Infact,heisnotascho
升级会员 