语言学.docx

语言学.docx

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语言学

Test1

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.（2%X10=20%）

1.Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammarforitismostly_________.

A.prescriptiveB.descriptiveC.subjectiveD.Latin-based

2.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas________.

A.abnormalB.somethingtobefearedC.naturalD.unnatural

3.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicedaffricate?

A.[dV]B.[tF]C.[z]D.[T]

4.Thereare___________morphemesintheword“disabled”?

A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four

5.InEnglish,“dis-“iscalled________?

A.afreemorphemeB.asuffixC.aninfixD.aprefix

6.BlackEnglishisprobablythemostwidespreadandmostfamiliar____varietyoftheEnglishlanguage.

A.regionalB.ethnicC.socialD.lowerclass

7.Thepairofwords“alive”and“dead”are_____________.

A.gradableantonymsB.complementaryantonymsC.relationaloppositesD.co-hyponyms

8.____belong（s）totheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.

A.EnglishB.GermanC.FrenchD.Allofthem

9.Thesentence“Kidslikeapples”isa___________.

A.two-placepredicationB.three-placepredication

C.no-placepredicationD.one-placepredication

10.Whatistheconstructionofthesentence:

“Thebabysmiled?

”

A.subordinateB.coordinateC.exocentricD.endocentric

II.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%X10=10%）

11.Languageisasystemofa____________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

12.Thelinguisticstudyofmeaninginthecontextofuseiscalledp____________.

13.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisad___________study.

14.AccordingtotheSwisslinguistF.deSaussure,p___________referstotherealizationoflanguageinactualuse.

15.Thethreebranchesofphoneticsarelabelleda____________phonetics,auditoryphoneticsandacousticphoneticsrespectively.

16.M___________isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.

17.S___________isasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage.

18.Theterma________isusedforoppositenessofmeaning.

19.S________isthesubdisciplineoflinguisticsthatstudieslanguageinsocialcontexts.

20.Variationinlanguageuseassociatedwiththesexofindividualspeakersiscalledg__________varieties.

III.Directions:

Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.（2%X10=20%）

21.Competenceandperformancemean,toN.Chomsky,muchthesamething.

22.Thebasicdifferencebetweenavowelandaconsonantisthatinthepronunciationoftheformeritischaracterizedbytheabsenceofobstructionoftheairstreamanditdoesnothaveaplaceofarticulationinthesamesenseasaconsonant.

23.InEnglish,nouns,verbs,prepositionsandadverbsareopenclassessincewecanregularlyaddnewwordstotheseclasses.

24.Sentencesarestringsofwordsputtogetherinarandomorder.

25.Senseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.Theyaretworelatedbutdifferentaspectsofmeaning.

26.“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredicationsentence.

27.Idiolectisthestylisticvariationinaperson’sspeech,orwriting,usuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpolite.

28.Bilingualismdescribesasituationinwhichtwoverydifferentvarietiesoflanguageco-existinaspeechcommunity,eachwithadistinctrangeofsocialfunctionandappropriateforcertainsituations.

29.Commissive,atypeofillocutionaryspeechactsbySearle,meansbringingaboutimmediatechangesbysayingsomething.

30.Utterancemeaningisbasedonsentencemeaning;theformerisconcreteandcontext-dependentandthelatterisabstractandde-contextualized.

Test2

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.（2%X10=20%）

1.F.deSaussureisa（n）_________linguist.

A.AmericanB.SwissC.BritishD.Russian

2.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicedbilabialstop?

A.[p]B.[m]C.[b]D.[t]

3.Ofthe“words”listedbelow,__________isnotanEnglishword.

A.[spriN]B.[lkbi]C.[strikt]D.[5U:

ziz]

4.Theaffixeswhichmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchas“-ing,-est”arecalled__________.

A.derivationalaffixesB.freemorphemesC.inflectionalaffixesD.roots

5.Thesentencecontainingtwoclausesjoinedbyalinkingwordiscalleda____________sentence.

A.coordinateB.simpleC.subordinateD.embedded

6.“Wordsarenamesorlabelsforthings.”Thisviewiscalled_________insemantictheory.

A.mentalismB.contextualismC.conceptualismD.namingtheory

7.Thesemanticrelationshipbetweenflowerandroseis_______.

A.hyponymsB.hyponymyC.co-hyponymsD.superordinate

8.Thewordssuchashandbookandhighwayare___________.

A.formedbyblendingB.coinedbyback-formation

C.compoundwordsD.derivations

9.X-bartheoryis__________________.

A.highlyspecificandconcrete,thereforeonlyusefultosolveconcreteproblems

B.capableofreducingtheredundanciesofindividualphrasalstructurerules

C.sohighlyabstractthatitcanexplainallthepropertiesofallphrasalcategories

D.inefficientincopingwiththelanguagestructuresotherthanthoseofEnglish

10.Thewords“railway”and“railroad”are__________.

A.synonymsdifferinginemotivemeaningB.synonymsdifferinginstyles

C.dialectalsynonymsD.synonymsdifferinginregister

II.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%X10=10%）

11.Apersonwhostudieslinguisticsiscalledal____________.

12.M_________isthelinguisticstudyofhowmorphemesarecombinedtoformwords.

13.Inmodernlinguistics,s__________isconsideredprimaryoverwriting.

14.Therearetwowaystoclassifyconsonants:

byplaceofarticulationandbym___________ofarticulation.

15.S_________isthelinguisticstudyofmeaninginabstraction.

16.H___________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.

17.Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofthemindiscalledp________.

18.Vowelscanbeclassifiedbythepositionofthetongue,opennessofthemouthandl_________ofthesound.

19.ThenotionoflinguisticdeterminismandlinguisticrelativismiscalledtheS_________hypothesis.

20.Ane___________isamild,indirectorlessoffensivewordorexpressionsubstitutedwhenthespeakerorwriterfearsmoredirectwordingmightbeharshorunpleasant.

III.Directions:

Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.（2%X10=20%）

21.Englishlanguageisatonelanguage.

22.Alinguistictabooreferstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythepolitesocietyfromgeneralusesuchasobscene,profaneandswearwords.

23.Chineseisthoughttobethefirstlanguagebymostlinguists.

24.Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencepatternsofalanguage.

25.Idiolectisapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombinesaspectsofalltheelementsregardingregional,socialandstylisticvariation.

26.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofoldEnglishandmodernEnglish.

27.AlocutionaryactofSpeechActTheoryistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.

28.Accordingtopredicationanalysis,inthesentence“Themanbeatthedog.”,theword“beat”iscalledpredicate,andthewords“man”and“dog”arecalledarguments.

29.[f]isadentalconsonant.

30.Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacriticsiscalledbroadtranscription.

Test3

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.（2%X10=20%）

1.Thestudyoflanguagedevelopmentatsomepointintimeisgenerallytermedas___________linguistics.

A.comparativeB.appliedC.synchronicD.diachronic

2.N.Chomskyisafamous_____________linguist.

A.AmericanB.BritishC.GreekD.Swiss

3.Inthefollowingsounds___________isavoicelessaffricate.

A.[d]B.[l]C.[tF]D.[w]

4.InEnglish,“pill”and“bill”are___________.

A.aphonemiccontrastB.complementarydistribution

C.assimilationDaminimalpair

5.Theword“unhappiness”has____________morpheme（s）

A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four

6.InEnglishthelettercombination“care”intheword“carelessness”iscalled___________.

A.suffixB.prefixC.infixD.freemorpheme

7.Awordwithseveralmeaningiscalled_________.

A.asynonymouswordB.apolysemousword

C.anabnormalwordD.noneoftheabove

8.Wecalltherelationbetween“animal”and“tiger”as___________.

A.polysemyB.synonymyC.hyponymyD.homophony

9.Thepairofwords“let’and“rent”iscalled___________.

A.relationaloppositesB.gradableantonyms

C.complementaryantonymsD.co-hyponyms

10.Whichdescr