海淀高一期末第二学期七月考前参考样题一21.docx

海淀高一期末第二学期七月考前参考样题一21.docx

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海淀高一期末第二学期七月考前参考样题一21

海淀区2019-2020学年度第二学期高一期末练习考前参考样题--阅读理解

（一）

考点一科技（必修第二册Unit4）

篇目一

WhenGitanjaliRaosharedhowshelikes“findingsolutionstorealproblems”,itwashardtoimaginethisdynamic11-year-oldgirlcouldsettleaproblemthathasescapedscientistsforyears.

Injustthreemonths,Raocameupwithadevice（装置）thatcanreplacethecostlyandlengthytestscurrentlyusedtoreliablydeterminelead（铅）levelsinourfreshwater.Inspiredbythecurrentlitigation（诉讼）inFlint,Michigan,acaseofwaterpollutionfrom2014to2015,RaodesignedanewtestingsystemthatresultedinherbeingnamedAmerica’sTopYoungScientistfor2017.

Raohadbeenfollowingthewaterproblemforabouttwoyears.Shewasamazedbythenumberofpeopleaffectedbyleadpollutioninwaterandwantedtodosomethingtochangethis.Gitanjalispentmonthstryingtoconvincelocalhighschoolsandcollegestogiveherlabtimetocontinueherexperiment.Athome,Gitanjaliworkedonherprojectinthe“scienceroom”sheaskedherparentstocreateforher.Raohascreatedadevicethatusesthreeparts:

acartridge,aBluetoothreaderandanapp.Toputitsimply,thecartridgecontainscarbonnanotubes（纳米管）thatreacttolead.ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink.

RaoappropriatelynamedthedeviceTethysaftertheGreekgoddessoffreshwater,andishopingtomakealittleimprovementtogetthedeviceonthemarket.Whilewemaynotbeawareofanyleadpollutionpresentinouragingpipelines,leadpoisoningcancausedelaysinphysicalandmentaldevelopment.WithRaobelievingthatthe“purposeofscienceistomakeadifference”,herincredibleinventioncouldmakeadifferencetomillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStates.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutRao’sdevice?

A.It’scheapandquick.B.It’scheapandinaccurate.

C.It’sexpensiveandreliable.D.It’sportableandtime-consuming.

2.WhatmadeRaohavetheideaofdesigningthedevice?

A.Herparents’suggestions.B.ThenameoftheGreekgoddess.

C.Herinterestinsettlingrealproblems.D.ThewaterpollutionlitigationinFlint.

3.Whatdothecarbonnanotubesfunctionas?

A.Sendingimmediatesignals.B.Recordingthereactionresults.

C.Cetectingthepresenceoflead.D.Showingthewaterqualityresults.

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofRao’sinvention?

A.ItwillleadRaotomakeafortune.

B.ItwillhelpmillionsofAmericansdrinksafewater.

C.ItwillpromotethedevelopmentofscienceinAmerica.

D.Itwillsoonsettlethelead-pollutedproblemthoroughly.

篇目二

We knowthatoursmartphonesareexpertly-designeddistractiondevicesthatweakenoureffortstoresist.But,wealsoknowthatresistanceisimportantifwe’reevergoingtofindaworkablemiddlegroundwithourphones–andarecent hasservedupanotherreasontostrengthenourresolve.

Hereitis:

 whenyoupickupyourphonewhiledoinganythingmentallychallenging,you'rehandicappingyourbrain’sabilitytorechargeandperformancepredictablydecreases.

That’stheconclusionofastudythatputroughly400collegestudentstotasksolvingchallengingwordpuzzles.Whentheywereabouthalfwaythrough,theresearchersallowedmostofthestudentstotakeabreakeitherusingtheirphones,usingacomputerorreadingaprintcircular.Otherstudentsweretoldtojustkeeponworkingwithoutanysortofbreak. 

Theresultsshowedthatthestudentswhotookabreakwiththeirphonesweretheworstperformersofallthegroups.Theytook19%longertofinishthetasksandtheysolved22%fewerword-problemsthanalltheothergroupscombined.Infact,thecell-phonegroup’sefficiencyandprocessingspeedwasaboutthesameasthegroupthattooknobreak.      

Thereasonofferedbytheresearchersisn’tmerelybecausedigitaldevicesareinherentlyengaging（迷人的）,butbecause oursmartphonesareattentiongatesintosomanyotherattention-catchingareas,eachpullingourmentalenergyindifferentdirections.  

Thisresearchstressesthatweignoredtheenergyreductionfromusingoursmartphones,andthatwewereover-confidentaboutwhatourbrainscanhandle. Wealsooverlookedtheemotionalconnectionwe'ddevelopedwithourphones. It'snolongerjustadevice.It'sacompanion.

“Itisimportanttoknowthecostsassociatedwithreachingforthisdeviceduringeveryspareminute,”Kurtzbergadded.“Weassumeit’snodifferentfromanyotherbreak–butthephonemaycarryincreasinglevelsofdistractionthatmakeitdifficulttoreturnfocusedattentiontoworktasks.”

1.Whatdoes“resolve”inParagraph1referto?

A.Findingaworkablephone.B.Resistingusingphones.

C.Makingfulluseofphones.D.Upgradingpersonalphones.

2.Theunderlinedword“handicapping”inParagraph2probablymeans___________.

A.strengtheningB.performingC.weakeningD.changing

3.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?

A.Therearetwogroupsofstudentsintheresearch.

B.Allthestudentscannottakeabreakintheresearch.

C.Thecell-phonegroupdidbestinsolvingthepuzzles.

D.Studentshavetocompletewordpuzzlesbeforethebreak.

4.What’sthemainideaoftheParagraph6?

A.Thephoneisnolongerfavoredbypeople.

B.Thephoneisnotaspowerfulasexpected.

C.Peoplecannotconnectemotionallywithphones.

D.Peopledidn’tfullyunderstandtheeffectofphones.

篇目三

ManyAmericansthinkofdriverlesscarsasafuturistictechnologythatwillrevolutionizetravelincitiesandalongstatehighways.ButrecentexperimentsareprovingthatautonomousvehiclesalsohavethepotentialtoimprovethequalityoflifeformillionsofAmericansunderservedbytraditionalmodesoftransportation,suchastheelderlyanddisabled,solongaslawmakersmakesmartpoliciesthatpavethewayforinnovation.

AretirementcommunityinSanJose,Calif.,whichhasbeentransformedbyasmallfleetofdriverlesstaxis,showsthepotentialofself-drivingcarstotransformpeople’slives.Builtbyatechstart-upcalledVoyage,themodifiedFordFusionsarecurrentlylimitedtoatwo-mileroad,butresidentsarealreadyhavingthebenefitsoftheseautonomousvehicles,whichallowthemtoparticipateinsocialactivitiestheywouldotherwisebeunabletoenjoysimplybecausetheycouldnotgettothem.

Whenthetrialrunfinallyexpandsto15milesofroad,theseresidents—whoseaverageageis76—willalsohaveaconvenientandreliablenewwaytoappointments.Asthesecarscontinuetoserveresidentsthere,itiseasytounderstandwhyCaliforniaismovingtosimplifyregulationsfortheindustry.

InMichigan,forward-thinkingpolicieshavethepotentialtounlockotherhiddenbenefitsofautonomousvehicles,especiallyforthosewithphysicaldisabilities.TheMichiganDisabilityRightsCoalitionhasstronglyadvocatedforthedevelopmentofthistechnology,sayingthatitcouldgivepeoplewithdisabilitiesgreateropportunitiesintheworkforceandenablethemtoleadmorefulfilling,independentlives.

Manyrecognizethatautonomousvehicleswillbethefutureoftransportation,butitistoooftenoverlookedthatthisfuturecannotarrivefastenoughformillionsofAmericanswhoareforcedtodependonothersforday-to-daytravel.ThepolicymakersshouldfollowtheleadofplaceslikeCaliforniaandMichigan,andpassrulesandregulationstounlockthesehiddenbenefitsofdriverlesscars.

1.What’stheattitudeofmostAmericanpeopletothefutureofautonomousvehicles?

A.Curious.B.Doubtful.C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic.

2.WhatisthemodifiedFordFusion?

A.Akindofautonomousvehicle.B.Afleetofdriverlesstaxis.

C.Aroadfordriverlesscars.D.Aretirementcommunity.

3.WhatareexamplesinCaliforniaandMichigantoprove?

A.Driverlesscars’disadvantages.B.Governments’rightdecisions.

C.Benefitstotheagedandthedisabled.D.Theregulationsareforward-thinking.

4.Whatdoestheauthorattempttoinformusinthelastparagraph?

A.Thebenefitsofdriverlesscarshavebeenfullyunlocked.

B.Regulationsshouldgohandinhandwithdriverlesstechnology.

C.Theconceptofautonomousvehicleshasbeenwidelyrecognized.

D.Theweakgroupsareoftenoverlookeddespitetechnologyadvances.

篇目四

A27-year-oldinventor,JocoPauloLammoglia,hascomeupwithanewdevicenamedtheAIREmask,whichiscapableofconvertingthewindenergyprovidedbythewearer’sbreathintoelectricalenergy.Thismeansbreathinghasbecomeasourceofrenewableenergy.Theinspirationfortheinventioncamefromhiswatchingchildrenblowingonpinwheels（玩具风车）.

   Thedeviceiswornlikeamaskequippedwithtinywindturbines（涡轮机）anditcanworkitsmagicevenwhilepeoplearesleeping,joggingorhangingaround,sinceenergyiscreatedfromone’sbreath.TheprincipleofthisAIREmaskissimple.TheinventionusesthewindflowcreatedbybreathingandchangesitintoenergythatcanchargemobilephonesandiPods.Simplyputthismaskconnectedtoyourmobilephoneonyourface.Theresttakesplacenaturallythroughyourbreaththatprovidespowertorunturbineswhichproduceelectricity.

   LammogliaexplainedhowusefulhehopestheAIREwillbecome.Hesaid,"Ihopetobringtheconceptintoproductionandreducethecarbonfootprint.Itcanbeusedindoorsoroutdoors,whileyou’resleeping,walking,runningorevenreadingbooks."Apartfromsavingenergyandcontributingtotheenvironmentalprotection,italsoencouragesthe

practiceofphysicalexercise.Thisisanentirelyall-timerenewableenergysource.Itsenergyisavailable24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.

   LammogliaexplainedwhyhethoughttheAIREwassouseful,saying,"Thoughmanyofourmoderndevicesofferbenefits,theytendtoconsumeahighamountofe