英语四六级阅读理解答案.docx

英语四六级阅读理解答案.docx

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英语四六级阅读理解答案

四级第二套

SectionC

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some

65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.

Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseintheofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity（长

寿）translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmany

observersthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.

Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefailingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers（二战后生育高峰期出生的美国

人）areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehaveabandonedpolicies

thatusedXtoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy（预期生命）,combinedwiththereplace-Xpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewards

intooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethattheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchargemaywellreinforcethatshift;theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.

57.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?

A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.

B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.

C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.

D.Peoplewithnocollagedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.

【答案】B

58.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?

A.Longerlifeexpectancies.

B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.

C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.

D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.

【答案】B

59.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?

A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.

B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.

C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.

D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.

【答案】A

60.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?

A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.

B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.

C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.【答案】C

61.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?

A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.

B.Morewillbetheeducatedyoung.

C.Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.

D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.

【答案】D

PassageTwo

Questions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Someoftheworld'smostsignsignificantproblemshitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld'smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.

Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:

rice,wheat,cornandsoyabeans（大豆）.Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.

Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld'smostpopulous（人口多的）countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.

Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoyabeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfof

allcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat"wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld."

Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.

Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert（回返）toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.

62.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentionto?

A.Foodriotsandhungerintheworld.

B.Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.

C.Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia.

D.Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.

【答案】B

63.WhydoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular?

A.Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.

B.Theirfoodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.

C.Theirbigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.

D.Theirfoodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.

【答案】A

64.Whatdoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts?

A.Theyfailtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.

B.Theycontributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.

C.Theyplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.

D.theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.

【答案】D

65.WhatdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecomingdecades?

A.Thegrowingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.

B.Theoptimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.

C.Theslowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.

D.Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.

【答案】D

66.HowdoestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation?

A.Itisbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.

B.Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.

C.Itisbackedbystrongevidence.

D.Itisopentofurtherdiscussion.

【答案】B

四级第一套

SectionC

PassageOne

Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen（防晒霜）keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas（黑瘤）anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.

Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.

Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly-applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying-recentshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.

Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon（抹上）sunscreenandslaponahat.

57.【题干】Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?

A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.

B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.

C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.

D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.

【答案】B

58.【题干】WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?

A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.

B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.

C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.

D.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.

【答案】C

59