英语六级真题及答案.docx

英语六级真题及答案.docx

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英语六级真题及答案

PartIWriting（30minutes）

　　　　Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

　　1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；

　　2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；

　　3.我认为…

DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese

　　PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

　　AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.

　　"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."

　　White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."

　　Stinginthetail

　　AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:

thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.

　　Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.

　　TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.

　　Dramaticshift

　　Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?

Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

　　Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.

　　Lingeringracism

　　IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots（同胞）?

Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic（有魅力的）blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?

Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.

　　InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.

　　Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.

　　Dropinbias

　　BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.

　　Talkinghonestly

　　"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.

　　Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.

　　Hugeobstacles

　　Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient（出色的）image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

　　ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."

　　ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.

　　Beyondrace

　　Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:

WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?

　　AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?

"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious（隐伏的）side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.

　　注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

　　1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?

　　A）Excited.

　　B）Victorious.

　　C）Anxious.

　　D）Relieved.

　　2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether______.

　　A）shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

　　B）shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

　　C）shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

　　D）shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

　　3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?

　　A）RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

　　B）Thepowerofrolemodels.

　　C）Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

　　D）ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

　　4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______.

　　A）blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

　　B）whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

　　C）Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

　　D）Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests

　　5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?

　　A）Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

　　B）Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

　　C）Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

　　D）Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

　　6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.

　　A）morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

　　B）relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

　　C）peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

　　D）whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

　　7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______.

　　A