考研英语阅读模拟练习题Word文件下载.docx

考研英语阅读模拟练习题Word文件下载.docx

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ssystemforprotectinghumansubjectsissoflawedthatvirtuallyallitsU.S.-supportedresearchhadtostop.

TheworstpartisthatHopkins，oneofthenation'

spremiermedicalinstitutions，isnotalone.TwoyearsagotheinspectorgeneraloftheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServiceswarnedthatthesystemsafeguardinghumansubjectsisindangerofameltdown.Theboardsthatreviewproposedstudiesareoverburdened，understaffedandshotthroughwithconflictsofinterest.Oversightissoporousthatnooneknowshowmanypeoplevolunteertobehumanguineapigs（21millionayearisaneducatedguess），howmanyarehurtorhowmanydie.“Thousandsofdeathsareneverreported，andadverseeventsinthetensofthousandsarenotreported，”saysAdilShamoo，amemberoftheNationalHumanResearchProtectionsAdvisoryCommitteeandprofessorattheUniversityofMaryland.GregKoski，headofOHRP，hascalledtheclinical-trialssystem“dysfunctional.”

TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsarenothingshortofdevastating.Afterathree-dayinspectionlastweek，OHRPconcludedthattheHopkinsscientistsfailedtogetinformationonthelinkbetweenhexamethoniumandlungtoxicity，eventhoughdatawereavailablevia“routine”Internetsearchesandintextbooks.Thedrugisnotapprovedforuseinhumans;

thehexa-methoniumTogiasusedwaslabeled[F]ORLABORATORYUSEONLY.Thereviewboard，OHRPcharges，neveraskedfordataonthesafetyofinhaledhexamethoniuminpeople.TheconsentformthatRochesignedstatesnowherethathexamethoniumisnotapprovedbytheFDA（theformdescribesitasa“medication”）anddidn'

twarnaboutpossiblelungtoxicity.

Hopkinsitselfconcludedthatthereviewboarddidnotdoallitcouldtoprotectthevolunteers，andsuspendedall10ofTogias'

sstudies.Still，theuniversity――whose$301millioninfederalgrantsfor2，000humanstudiesmadeitthelargestrecipientofgovernmentresearchmoneylastyear――isseething.“Hopkinshashadover100yearsofdoingclinicaltrials，”saysDr.EdwardMiller，CEOofJohnsHopkinsMedicine.“Wehavehadonedeathinallofthoseyears.Wewouldhavedoneanythingintheworldtopreventthatdeath，but[suspendingthestudies]seemsoutofproportion.”Hopkinscallstheshutdownofitsexperiments“unwarranted，unnecessary，paralyzingandprecipitous.”OHRPislettingtrialscontinue“whereitisinthebestinterests”ofsubjects.TherestofthestudiescanresumeonceHopkinssubmitsaplantorestructureitssystemforprotectingresearchsubjects.Howquicklythathappens，saysagovernmentspokesman，dependsonHopkins.

注

（1）：

本文选自Newsweek;

7/30/，p36;

注

（2）：

本文习题命题模仿对象真题Text1;

1.Intheopeningparagraph，theauthorintroduceshistopicby

[A]explainingaphenomenon

[B]justifyinganassumption

[C]statinganincident

[D]makingacomparison

2.Thestatement“TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsarenothingshortofdevastating.”（Line1，Paragraph3）impliesthat

[A]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtooimpressive.

[B]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtooshocking.

[C]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtooconvincing.

[D]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtoostriking.

3.ThemainreasonsforRoche‘sdeathareasfollowing，exceptthat_______.

[A]theprotectingsystemhasn‘tbeensetup

[B]thereviewboardhasneglectedtheirduty

[C]theresearchteamwasnotresponsibleenoughforitsvolunteers

[D]thepossibilityoflungtoxicitywasoverlooked

4.TheOHRPhasfoundthat

[A]Hopkinshasloosecontrolovertheexperiment.

[B]thevolunteersknewnothingabouttheexperiment.

[C]thereissomethingwrongwitheveryaspectoftheexperiment.

[D]thereexistmanyhiddentroublesinhumansubjectssafeguardingsystem.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Hopkinshadnofaultinthisaccident.

[B]HopkinsseemednottoquiteagreewithTheOHRP

[C]Togias'

sstudiesshouldn‘tbesuspended.

[D]Hopkinswantedtobegintheirexperimentsassoonaspossible.

答案：

CBACB

篇2：

考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题

练习题一：

Proponentsofdifferentjazzstyleshavealwaysarguedthattheirpredecessor’smusicalstyledidnotincludeessentialcharacteristicsthatdefinejazzasjazz.Thus,1940'

'

sswingwasbelittledbybeboppersofthe1950'

swhowerethemselvesattackedbyfreejazzesofthe1960'

s.Theneoboppersofthe1980'

sand1990'

sattackedalmosteverybodyelse.ThetitanicfigureofBlacksaxophonistJohnColtranehascomplicatedtheargumentsmadebyproponentsofstylesfrombebopthroughneobopbecauseinhisownmusicaljourneyhedrewfromallthosestyles.Hisinfluenceonalltypesofjazzwasimmeasurable.Attheheightofhispopularity,Coltranelargelyabandonedplayingbebop,thestylethathadbroughthimfame,toexploretheouterreachesofjazz.

Coltranehimselfprobablybelievedthattheonlyessentialcharacteristicofjazzwasimprovisation,theoneconstantinhisjourneyfrombeboptoopen-endedimprovisationsonmodal,Indian,andAfricanmelodies.Ontheotherhand,thisdoggedstudentandprodigioustechnician?

Dwhoinsistedonspendinghourseachdaypracticingscalesfromtheorybooks?

Dwasneverabletojettisoncompletelytheinfluenceofbebop,withitsfastandelaboratechainsofnotesandornamentsonmelody.

TwostylisticcharacteristicsshapedthewayColtraneplayedthetenorsaxophone:

hefavoredplayingfastrunsofnotesbuiltonamelodyanddependedonheavy,regularlyaccentedbeats.ThefirstledColtranetosheetsofsound”whereheracedfasterandfaster,pile-drivingnotesintoeachothertosuggeststackedharmonies.Thesecondmeantthathissenseofrhythmwasalmostasclosetorockastobebop.

ThreerecordingsillustrateColtrane’senergizingexplorations.RecordingKindofBluewithMilesDavis,Coltranefoundhimselfoutsidebop,exploringmodalmelodies.Hereheplayedsurging,lengthysolosbuiltlargelyaroundrepeatedmotifs;

anorganizingprincipleunlikethatoffreejazzsaxophoneplayerOrnetteColeman,whomodulatedoralteredmelodiesinhissolos.OnGiantSteps,Coltranedebutedasleader,introducinghisowncompositions.Herethesheetsofsound,downbeataccents,repetitions,andgreatspeedarepartofeachsolo,andthevarietyoftheshapesofhisphrasesisunique.Coltrane’ssearchingexplorationsproducedsolidachievement.MyFavoriteThingswasanotherkindofwatershed.HereColtraneplayedthesopranosaxophone,aninstrumentseldomusedbyjazzmusicians.Musically,theresultswereastounding.Withthesoprano’spipingsound,ideasthathadsoundeddarkandbroodingacquiredafeelingofgiddyfantasy.

WhenColtranebeganrecordingfortheImpulse!

Label,hewasstillsearching.Hismusicbecameraucous,physical.Hisinfluenceonrockerswasenormous,includingJimiHendrix,therockguitarist,who,followingColtrane,raisedtheextendedguitarsolousingrepeatedmotifstoakindofrockartform.

Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto

[A]DiscusstheplaceofColtraneintheworldofjazzanddescribehismusicalexplorations.

[B]Examinethenatureofbebopandcontrastitwithimprovisationaljazz.

[C]AnalyzethemusicalsourcesofColtrane’sstyleandtheirinfluenceonhiswork.

[D]AcknowledgetheinfluenceofColtrane’smusiconrockmusicandrockmusicians.

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefourthparagraph?

[A]Athesisreferredtoearlierinthetextismentionedandillustratedwiththreespecificexamples.

[B]Athesisisstatedandthreeexamplesaregiveneachsuggestingthatacorrectionneedstobemadetoathesisreferredtoearlierinthetext.

[C]Athesisreferredtoearlierinthetextismentioned,andthreeexamplesarepresentedandrankedinorderoftheirsupportofthethesis.

[D]Athesisisstated,threeseeminglyopposingexamplesarepresented,andtheirunderlyingcorrespondenceisexplained.

练习题二：

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers?

Dusingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;

theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?

Wher