初中英语宾语从句讲解完整版文档格式.docx
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We’reallpleasedthatwehaveonceagainovercomethedifficulty.
Doyouthink(that)itwillrain?
Weknow(that)weshouldstudyhard.
2、whether或if引导的宾语从句
Whether/if引导的从句可视为直接引语为一般疑问句转变为间接引语而成,其语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序,从句前加上连词whether或if。
(1)可用whether/if的情况
通常whether/if引导动词后的宾语从句时可通用。
Idon’tknowwhether/ifhe’llarriveintime.
Iamwonderingwhether/iftheywouldbelieveinme.
Iaskedhimwhether/ifhehadfinishedallhishomework.
(2)只能用whether,不能用if的情况
A、引导介词的宾语从句时
I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgoshopping.
I’mnotinterestedinwhethershe’llbeinvited.
B、与ornot直接连用时
Ican’tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime.
Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.
Iwonderwhetherornotweshouldmakeitclearthatwe’velostthisgame.
C、宾语从句提前时
WhethertheywilljoinintheWinterCampIdon’tcare.
3、连接代词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导,它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等,因此不能省略。
DoyouknowwhowillteachusEnglishterm(
作主语)
Didyouhearwhatshesaid(
作宾语)
Idon’tknowwhosethefootballis.(作表语)
Couldyoutellmewhichbookisbetter(
作定语)
4、连接副词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,how,why及“how+形容词/副词”短语等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语等,不可省略。
Wedidn’tknowwhenyouusuallygotoschool.
Iwanttoknowwhereheboughtthiscup.
CanyoutellmehowIgettothebusstation?
Pleaseexplainwhyyouwerelateforclassagain.
“How+形容词/副词”短语主要有howold,howmany,howmuch,howlong,howoften,howfar,howsoon等。
Doyouknowhowoldyourfatheristhisyear?
二、重点考点
1、宾语从句的语序
无论宾语从句是从属连词还是连接代词或连接副词引导,引导词总是位于从句句首,从句用陈述语序。
Iamwonderingifyoucouldhelpme.
Heaskedmewhenweshouldstartoutthenextday.
Didyoufindoutwhereshelosthercar?
2、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响,因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态,一般遵循以下原则:
(1)主句为现在时态或将来时态时
主句如果是现在时或将来时,从句可用任何所需要的时态,不受主句时态的限制和影响。
Iknowyoudon’tknowwhatithinkatall.
Iknowhedidn’ttellyouthathewouldcomethen.
I’llletyouknowwhetherI’llcomeornotdirectlyIcheckmyplan.
(2)主句为过去时态时
主句如果是过去时态,从句一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。
Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhichcountryhewasin.
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthenovelTheOldManandtheSeawhenhecamein.
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.
特别提示:
从句若表示客观事实或真理,谓语用一般现在时。
Mymothertoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.
3、宾语从句的否定转移
主句谓语是表示“想,认为”等意义的动词,如think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess等,从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。
其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致,且用肯定形式。
Idon’tthinkthey’llwaittothelastminute.
Ididn’tbelievethatwashisfault,wasit?
三、宾语从句的注意事项
不能省略that的情况
在that引导的宾语从句中,连词that只起引导作用,不在句中担当任何成分。
因此在口语或非正式问题中常可省略,但在下列情况不能省略:
1、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,prove,feel等动词的宾语时
IhavelearnedthatmostofthestudentswhoareinterestedinChinesetakeinterestinEnglish.
2、当宾语从句较长时
Weallthinkthatwhatthepublicisbadlyinneedofisnothingbutthedevelopmentofeconomy.
3、当主句的状语置于动词与宾语从句之间时
IrealizedatoncethatIhaddoneitwrongwhenshetoldmeallaboutthis.
4、当宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于该从句句首时。
Hetoldusthat,ifwecouldallcometohelpout,thewholesituationwouldbegettingbetter.
5、当动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时
WhenMarxgottoEngland,hefound,however,thathisEnglishwassolimitedthathecouldn’tgoonwithhiscommonaffairs.
6、当动词带有多个并列宾语从句时,除第一个that外,其他不可省
ThentheteacherbegantotalktousabouttheFrenchlanguage,saying(that)itwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,andthatwemustkeepitamongusandneverforgetit.
7、当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或被this,that修饰时
SomepeoplethinkthatthispartofScotlandwithitslakesandmountainsismorebeautifulthantheWestofEngland.
Theteachersaidthatthatwordwaswrong.
8、当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时
However,manypeoplesimplycouldn’tbelievethatwhathehadwrittenwastrue.
9、当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时
OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfallfasterthatlightobjects.
10、当宾语从句被形式宾语it代替时
Wallconsideritimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.
11、expect后接的宾语从句不能省去that
Hisarticleisverygoodexpectthatthereareonlyafewunfitsentences.
12、在直接引语中,引述部分把主句与宾语从句分开时
“I’mextremelysorrytotellyou,”themansaid,”thatyoumissedthelasttrainonceagain.”
四、课堂小练
1、___whatdidheaskjustnow?
___Hewondered________.
A.iftheywouldmeetattheschoolgateB.whenwouldtheystart
C.thattheywouldtakesomefoodD.howtheywillgetthere
2、___I’dliketoknow______.
___Maybeintheforest.
A.whetherwewillgocampingB.wherewewillgocamping
C.whetherwillwegocampingD.wherewillwegocamping