胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题精华附答案.docx
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胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题精华附答案
胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题
Chapter7Language,CultureandSociety[注：
第六章无测试题]
I. Choosethebestanswer.（20%）
1. _______isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.
A.Psycholinguistics B.Sociolinguistics
C.Appliedlinguistics D.Generallinguistics
2. Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits__________.
A.useofwords B.useofstructures
C.accent D.morphemes
3. __________isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.
A.Regionalvariation B.Languagevariation
C.Socialvariation D.Registervariation
4. _______arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.
A.Geographicalbarriers
B.Loyaltytoandconfidenceinone’snativespeech
C.Physicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochange
D.Socialbarriers
5. _________meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentchoose,aparticularspeechvariety,standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.
A.Languageinterference B.Languagechanges
C.Languageplanning D.Languagetransfer
6. _________inaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.
A.Regionalvariation B.Changesinemotions
C.Variationinconnotations D.Stylisticvariation
7. A____isavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticbackgrounds.
A.linguafranca B.register
C.Creole D.nationallanguage
8. Although_______aresimplifiedlanguageswithreducedgrammaticalfeatures,theyarerule-governed,likeanyhumanlanguage.
A.vernacularlanguages B.creoles
C.pidgins D.sociolects
9. Innormalsituations,____speakerstendtousemoreprestigiousformsthantheir____counterpartswiththesamesocialbackground.
A.female;male B.male;female
C.old;young D.young;old
10. Alinguistic_______referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.
A.slang B.euphemism C.jargon D.taboo
II. Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）
11. Languageasameansofsocialcommunicationisahomogeneoussystemwithahomogeneousgroupofspeakers.
12. Thegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.
13. Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,theterm“speechvariety”cannotbeusedtorefertostandardlanguage,vernacularlanguage,dialectorpidgin.
14. Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.
15. Aperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.
16. Everyspeakerofalanguageis,inastrictersense,aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.
17. Alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds.
18. Apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher,ordominant,languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.
19. Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.
20. Theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.
III. Fillintheblanks.（20%）
21.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeech__________.
22.Speech__________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.
23.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,aspeechvarietyisnomorethana__________varietyofalanguage.
24.Languagestandardizationisalsocalledlanguage__________.
25.Socialvariationgivesriseto__________whicharesubdivisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,occupationalbackground,etc.
26.__________variationinaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.
27.Aregionaldialectmaygainstatusandbecomestandardizedasthenationalor__________languageofacountry.
28.Thestandardlanguageisa__________,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.
29.Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard,or__________languages.
30.Apidgintypicallylacksin__________morphemes.
IV. Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）
31. Linguafranca32. Regionaldialect33. Register34. Sociolinguistics
V. Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）
35. IsAmericanEnglishsuperiortoAfricanEnglish?
Whyorwhynot?
（中国人民大学，2003）
36.Ifwetakeitasrulethatlanguageisintimatelyrelatedtoculture,thenhowdothekinshipwords,suchasuncleandaunt,reflecttheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese?
（东北师范大学，2004）
VI. Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）
37.Explainthedifferencesbetweenregistersandregional/socialdialects.Giveexamplesifnecessary.（东北师范大学，2005）答案I.1~5BCAAC 6~10DACADII.11~15FTFFF 16~20TFTFF
III.21.community 22.variety23.dialectal 24.planning25.sociolects 26.Stylistic27.official 28.superposed29.vernacular 30.inflectional
IV.31. Linguafranca:
Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasacommonspeechforsocialcontactamonggroupsofpeoplewhospeaksdifferentnativelanguagesordialects.
32. Regionaldialect:
Regionaldialect,alsosocialorclassdialect,isaspeechvarietyspokenbythemembersofaparticulargrouporstratumofaspeechcommunity.
33. Register:
Register,alsosituationaldialect,referstothelanguagevarietyappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituationsonwhichdegreesofformalitydepends.
34. Sociolinguistics:
Definedinitsbroadestway,sociolinguistics,asubdisciplineoflinguistics,isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.Itisconcernedwithlanguagevariation,languageuse,theimpactofextra-linguisticfactorsonlanguageuse,etc.
V.35.AmericanEnglishisnotsuperiortoAfricanEnglish.AsdifferentbranchesofEnglish,AfricanEnglishandAmericanEnglishareequal.Similarastheyare,theyareinfluencedbytheirrespectiveculturalcontextandthusformrespectivesystemsofpronunciation,wordsandevengrammar.
36. InChina,Chinesehasamorestrictandcomplexrelationshipsystem.SoinChinesetherearealotmorekinshipwordsthaninEnglish.
VI.37.（Omit.）
Chapter8LanguageinUse
I. Choosethebestanswer.（20%）
1. Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.
A.reference B.speechact C.practicalusage D.context
2. Asentenceisa_________concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.
A.pragmatic B.grammatical C.mental D.conceptual
3. Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa（n）_________.
A.constative B.directive C.utterance D.expressive
4. Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.
B.Someutterancescannotberestoredtocompletesentences.
C.Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.
D.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.
5. Speechacttheorydidnotcomeintobeinguntil__________.
A.inthelate50’softhe20thecentury B.intheearly1950’s
C.inthelate1960’s D.intheearly21stcentury
6. __________istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.
A.Alocutionaryact B.Anillocutionaryact
C.Aperlocutionaryact D.Aperformativeact
7. AccordingtoSearle,theillocutionarypointoftherepresentativeis______.
A.togetthehearertodosomething
B.tocommitthespeakertosomething’sbeingthecase
C.tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofaction
D.toexpressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstateofaffairs
8. Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurpose,buttheydiffer__________.
A.intheirillocutionaryacts B.intheirintentionsexpressed
C.intheirstrengthorforce D.intheireffectbroughtabout
9. __________isadvancedbyPaulGrice
A.CooperativePrinciple B.PolitenessPrinciple
C.TheGeneralPrincipleofUniversalGrammar D.AdjacencyPrinciple
10. Whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprincipleisflouted,_______mightarise.
A.impoliteness B.contradictions
C.mutualunderstanding D.conversationalimplicatures
II. Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）
11. Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassomethingintrinsicandinherent.
12. Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequated
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