区块链技术应用研究外文文献翻译2017.doc

区块链技术应用研究外文文献翻译2017.doc

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区块链技术应用研究外文文献翻译2017

外文文献翻译原文及译文

文献出处,AmandaE.Theresearchoftheblockchaintechnology

applicationfJ]InternationalConferenceonFinancialCryptographyandDataSecurity2017,3（12）:

528-539.

原文

Theresearchoftheblockchaintechnologyapplication

AmandaElys

Abstract

Thedevelopmentandapplicationofblockchaintechnologyresearchhascausedthegreatattentionoftheacademiaandindustry,manypeoplethinkthatblockchaintechnologyisarevolutioninthefutureoftheInternettechnology,informationtechnologyisthegreatinnovation.Blockchaintechnologyisthemaincharacteristicofdecentralization,wasestablished

basedoncryptographyalgorithmisthebasisofaglobalcreditagreement.Ingeneral,blockchainisdistributedbooksbasedonInternettechnology,becausethebooksbysharingensurethebookscannotbetamperedwith.Throughtheconsensusalgorithm,soastorealize’’decentralized”trust.Thecoreofblockchain,isaglobaldistributeddatabase,thetechnologyplatformisopenandprogrammable.

Keywords:

blockchain;Technologicalrevolution;application1Introduction

Chainblockisadatastructurethatismade,thesmallestunitblockbyeachblockaccordingtothetimesequencelinkedtogether,thesmallestunitofblockisthecarrieroftradinginformation.Inordertorealizethetraceabilityandsafety,eachblockdesignhasthetimestampasmarkers,

andcontainstwoparts:

onlytheheadandtheblockbody.Eachreliedontheblockheaderlinktothepreviousblock,formingachainstructure.Inthecontextofcommunicationstructure,chainblockisapoint-to-pointplanegrid,theentirenetworkwithoutseriouscentralizedstorageandcommunicationsequipment.Peerinthenetwork,eachnodestatus,butat

thesametimeastheuserandtheserverinthedataupdateandverification,andsavetheparticipationofallthedataandinformation.Trustmechanismwasestablishedbyasymmetricencryptionalgorithmandasymmetricencryptionalgorithmiscomparedwiththetraditionalsymmetricalgorithm,itscharacteristicisalsoneedtwokeys:

apublickeyandaprivatekey.Apublickeyandaprivatekeyisacombinationofapairof,eachothercan

decrypt.Withthepublickeyfordataencryption,forexample,soitis

onlywiththecorrespondingprivatekeycandecrypt;Useencryptionprivatekey,soonlyinthecorrespondingpublickeycandecrypt.Blockchainofeachnodehasitsownpublickeyandprivatekey,publickeymaketheentirenetworkofnodesallusethesameencryptionanddecryptionalgorithm,whiletheprivatekeyisonlynodestheirmastery.Nodewithits

ownprivatekeyencryption,sousers’usingthe

publickeytodecryptandverifytheauthenticityofthedatasource.Thetechnologicalprincipleofthechaintomaketheblockchaintechnologyhasthreemainfeatures:

decentralization,traceability,scripting.

Decentralizationisreferstotheentireblockchainnetworkwithoutamandatorycommunicationstoragecenterasanintermediary,instead,

flatnetworkstructure,eachpeernodestatus,havethesamecommunicationopportunity,validation,andstorage,anynodemaybeinvolvedineveryupdateandstore,soanynodeareimagecopyoftheentirenetwork,anodeoftheanomaliesdonotaffecttheoperationofthewholedatasystem,

throughothernodesdataenoughtoensuresystemsafetyandsteady.Scriptingisreferstotheblockchaincansetupacontracttowritecode,systemjudgmentandexecutionofthecontractconditionstoperformitsobligationsinaccordancewiththecode,intheabsenceofastrongthird-partysupervisionefficientlyguaranteetheexecutionofthecontract.Traceabilityreferstothetimestampinthechainofblocksnotbeentamperedwith,oncetherecordsgenerated,irrevocableandunsubscribe,

information,areanchoringthetradersbroughtconveniencefortradingregulation.

2Researchprogress

Since2015,blockchainappliedresearchmoreandmoreactive.First

istosolvethecreditproblems,soastorealizetrustandtradingactivities.

Needtostressisthatthetraditionaltrustbuildingisalongprocess,suchastheestablishmentofcommercialbank'strustisneedafteralongperiodoftimetotestandthetrustoftheverystrongendorsement,andnumericalalgorithmstogeneratecredit,directlytoavoidthetimeprocess,isakindofinnovation.Citigroup,accordingtoitsinternalchainisacombinationofthreedifferentblocksdistributedgeneralledgersystem,toexploreamoreeffectivewaytotransfervalue.IntermsofcommercialBanksandblockchainalliance,inApril2016,composedof42internationalbankblockchainalliance-R3CEVofficiallycooperatingwithMicrosoft,dedicated

tothestudyblockchaintheunderlyingtechnologyandapplicationpromotion.AndbeforethatasearlyasJanuary20,2016,issuedthefirst

distributedbooksR3CEVexperiment,andconnecttheBarclaysbank,bankofBMOfinancialgroup,creditSuisse,commonwealthbankofAustralia,HSBC,France’sforeigntradebank,royalbankofScotland,tdbank,

UBS,aSwissbank,unaccreditedandWellsFargo11membersofthe

banktoverifytheexperiment,themaincontentistheBanksintheabsenceofathirdpartytoparticipatein,throughdistributedthescripassetsonthebookstosimulatedtrading.TheexperimentoftheunderlyingframeworkistheuseoftheentericfangandMicrosoftAzureblockchainserviceBaaS.Intermsoftheofficialdigitalcurrency,governmentshavefrequently,

becomethedecisivepowerofmonetaryrevolution,measurestoboostspeedisfarmorethanexpected.ThebankofEnglandinMarch2016,

announcedthereleasedigitalcurrencyRSCoincodeandtest.InApril2016,

thebigfouraccountingfirmdolomiteannouncedacompleteblockofchaincanbeintegratedwiththeIrishbankingsystem,willbecompleted,takingadvantageoftheblockchaintoassistbankofIrelandinternationalinvestmentbehaviorcustomersrecommendinvestmentproductproject.3Theapplicationofblockschain

3.1Financialindustry

EuropeandtheUnitedStatesfinancialsectoruntilearlysummer2015,realizetheblockchaintechnologyisapotentialdistributedgeneralledgersystem.Withtheuseofblockchaintechnologygraduallyupgradefromthecurrencymarket,itisincreasinglyappliedtothefinancialsector.Atpresent,

includingNasd叫thenyse,Citigroup,dozensoffinancialinstitutionsto

carryouttheblockchainoffinancialinnovation.In2015,theNewYorkstockexchangeannouncedCoinbaseinvestmentcurrencytradingplatform,

theGoldmansachsinvestmentCircleCOINSconsumerservicecompanies,largetradeDRWholdingslimitedliabilitycompanysubsidiarycompanyistryingtoencryptcurrencytrading.

OnDecember30,2015,theNasdaqthroughtheblockchainplatform

completedthefirstsecuritiestrading.Nasdaq,blockchainbookshaveto

shareissuetoaprivateinvestors,nottobeidentifiedbydecentralizedbookstoprovethefeasibilityofstocktrading,butnolongerneedtoanythirdpartymediationorliquidation.Normally,theNasdaqinhandlingsuchsharestrading,takesalotofinformalsystem,nowtheNasdaqtoblockchaintechnologytoreplacethepaperproofsystem.Toeverycompanyeveryequitydealinformationonblockchain,theclearataglancehowmuchandhowmanyvaluedcompanyfinancing,tradingbecomestransparent,solvetheproblemofinformationasymmetryintheoriginal,makeinvestmentdecisionsmoresimpleandefficient.OnJanuary20,2016,releasedthefirstblockchainconsortiumR3CEVdistributedbooksexperiment,usingtheentericfangandMicrosoftAzureblockchainasaservice（S）Baa,andconnectthe11membersofthebank.TheseBankswillpassthedistributedbooksontokenstosimulatedtradingassets,without

theneedforcentralizedthirdpartyinvolved

3.2Otherindustries

Inadditiontothefinancialsector,blockchaintechnologycanbeusedintheInternetbusiness,opengovernmentinformation,electronicevidence,

datasecurityandotherfields.Blockprovidesasetoftrade,payment

solutions,tradingactivitiesusingthistechniquewillmakethetransactionandpaymentfaster,cheaper,safer,andeasiertouse.

3.2.1Communicationfield

Inadditiontothefieldofdigitalcurrency,istheearliestpeopleseeblockchainnewapplicationsinthefieldofcommunications.Intheaspectofcommunication,duetothelargeforceandthenumberofnodes,andabletocommunicateinawaythatisdecentralized,makestheprogramdesignideasappearverybigchange.Inthepast,whetherit’sE-mail,

SkypeorWeChat,thesetraditionalcommunicationtools,peopledesignideasareconsideringhowtosendinformationtothefastestspeedtoeachother,inallthenodestofindtheshortestorthequickestpathtocopytheinformationinthepast.Thiswaynotonlyrealizedthetransmissionofinformation,andverysafe,becausecannotbetracked,although

everyonehasreceivedtheletter,butdon’tknowwhohavethekeytosee

thisletter.Itiswithdecentralizationandthekeytocompletethepurposeofcommunication.

3.2.2Domainmanagementfield

Traditionaldomainmanagementiscentralizedstructure,itthroughtheunifiedorganizationtocoordinate,andisoneofthebiggestinfluencethereisnodoubtthattheUnitedStates.Throughblockchaintechnology,domainnamemanagementsystemintoadistributedstructure,eachnodeinthesystemcanbecarriedoutonthedomainnameresolution,andno

longerneedthroughthecentralizedmanagement.Inthiscase,anylossofonenodewillnotcauseproblemstothedomainnamesystem.

3-2.3Notarizationfield

Useblockchainprovideauthenticationservices,toallofthefiles,

documentsordatabenotarized.Itsbiggestadvantageisthatdonotde