考研英语阅读部分.docx

考研英语阅读部分.docx

《考研英语阅读部分.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语阅读部分.docx（40页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

考研英语阅读部分

2014年考研英语阅读部分

（1）正确答案的特征--------同义改写的手段

1．同义词替换

2．词性的转化

3．正话反说，反话正说

4．具体与抽象转化

5．从句与简单句的转化

（2）错误答案的命题特点：

1.张冠李戴

2.过于绝对

3.断章取义

4.推理过度

5.偷换概念，小动作

6.字面意思，肤浅直白

7.因果颠倒，逻辑混乱

8.扩大范围

9.无据比较

10.时态语态错误

1.Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichcandevelophisorhercapacityforactiveresponsesandwhichcanencouragethecuriosityofthechildrenwillhavegreaterintellectualdevelopment.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthissentence?

A.Stimuliareessentialtothechild’spositiveresponses.

B.ManystimulicanhelpchildrenimprovetheirIQ.

C.Achild’sactiveresponsesdevelopthecuriosityofhim

D.Greaterintellectualdevelopmentisbasedontheenvironment.

2.AmericanX-generationswhostemfromgenerationswhichlefttheiroldpeoplebehindandneverclosedtheirparents’eyelidindeath,andwhohaveheardaboutthedeathprovidedbytwoworldwarsfoughtfarfromourshoresaretodaygettingridofarecognitionofthewaytheirpredecessorslivetheirlives.

WecaninferthatAmericanX-generations____?

A.aredesertingothers’lifestylesbecauseoftheirparents’death

B.aredetachedtothewayoflivingofmodernsociety

C.careaboutnothingbuttheirownbusinessandtheirchildren

D.arebecomingself-concernedbecauseofknowingthedeathoftwoworldwars

3.Unwillingly,hefindsthatstudentswhowereeasytoteachbecausetheysucceededinputtingeverythingtheyhadlearnedintopracticehesitatewhenconfrontedwiththevastuntouchedareaofEnglishvocabularyandusagewhichfalloutsidethescopeofbasictextbooks.

Wecaninferthatthestudents_________.

A.hesitatewhentheyputeverythingtheyhadlearnedintopractice

B.dealwiththeunfamiliarEnglishvocabularybadlybecauseofbeingsodependentonteachers

C.shouldlearnmoreaboutextracurricularknowledgeratherthanfocusingontextbooksalone

D.caneasilyputthevocabularyandusageofEnglishintopractice

4.Sciencethatpromotestheinnovationofoursocialproductivityandservicemovesforwardnotsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenthatplayapioneeringroleinoursocietyasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.

Scientificprogressmainlystemsfrom.

A.giftedscientistsandgreatfigures

B.capacityforunderstandinghiddentruths

C.bettertechniquesandfacilities

D.powerfulmenandordinarythings

5.Theincreaseinthenumberofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomehadlesstodowiththemechanizationandconvenienceofthehouseworkandanincreaseinsparetimeforthesewomenthanwiththeirownunavoidableeconomicrequirementsandwithhighmarriageratesthatdecreasetheavailablenumberofsinglewomenworkers.

Whichofthefollowingaccountformoremarriedfemaleworkers?

A.Theautomationandconvenienceofhouseworkandhighmarriagerates

B.Financialburdenandfewersinglewomenworkers

C.Women’sdesireforleisurelivesandkeepingahighsalary

D.Unavoidableeconomicdemandsandtheimportanceofsinglewomen

6.Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationanddemandsofgettingmoreusefulinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenabledeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsandmakeitpossibletostorevastamountsofdata.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthesentence?

A.Informationstorageismoreimportantthandelivery

B.Improvedtechnologiesleadstoobtainingmoreusefulinformation

C.Speedydeliveryofinformationdemandsadvancedtechnology

D.Gettingmoreusefulinformationneedsstoringmuchinformation.

7.Neverwhentopicdiscussionsavoidedthesubjectswhicharefashionableenoughtogiverisetocuriositywasthemindofteenagersstirredupfromitsfoundationsandthepurposeofdiscussionsfulfilled.

Ifsuccessfultopicsaretobeheld,

A.subjectscannotbetoodull

B.themindofteenagersshouldbestirredup

C.teenagersshouldrealizetheimportanceofdiscussions

D.curiosityshouldbeencouragedbyfashionabletopics

8.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinuedandnewmedicineisusedquicklyandfinallybytheoccurrenceofnewtolerancewhenyoutakethenewmedicinerepeatedly.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthesentence?

A.Uncomfortablewithdrawalsymptomsleadtousageofnewmedicine.

B.Youfeelunpleasantwhentakingthenewmedicinerepeatedly.

C.Dependenceischaracterizedbytoleranceoftremendoususeofmedicine.

D.newmedicineisbetterthantheoldonetohelpthepatientsrecoverquickly.

9.Humanbeingshavelongdistinguishedthemselvesfromotheranimals,andindoingsoensuredtheirsurvival,bytheabilitytoobserveandunderstandtheirenvironmentandtheneithertoadapttothatenvironmentortocontrolandadaptittotheirownneeds.

Ifmanistosurvive,

A.heshouldbeasdifferentaspossiblefromothercreatures

B.heshouldbuildagoodrelationshipwiththeenvironment

C.heshouldbecomeaccustomedtoitsenvironment

D.hecanobservehisownneedsandenvironment

10.Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthattruthabouttheircondition,andinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermorelowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.

Accordingtothestudies,

A.knowingthetruthdoeslittlegoodtotherecovery

B.withoutadoctor’shelpapatientwillloseheart

C.sometimesariskisworthtakinginordertosaveapatient

D.apatientwillrecoversoonerwithagooddoctor

段落科学的阅读方法

如何读文章（orrather，把握文章）

1、统一性（一致性）（Unity）

（1）主题句（topicsentencesupportingparagraphs/sentences/details）

（2）关键词重复或重现（keywordsorterms）

举例：

spaceexploration/study/research/project/program

technologicalprogress/solution/proposal/changes/advances

（3）（完形、阅读）难题：

善于多联系主题（top-down）

2、连贯性（Coherence）

（1）宏观：

全文展开模式（即全文的套路pattern）

a.记叙/描述说明（Narrationanddescription）

b.一般→具体（立论/驳论）

c.具体→一般：

引子开头；提出问题（现象）→分析问题（原因）（→解决问题）

d.对比型套路（Compareandcontrast）

e.并列展开模式：

（2）微观：

句子与句子、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系（起承转合）；

有时还要善于自觉揣摩隐含的逻辑关系。

3、如何读？

（1）目的：

Whatorwhoisthetextabout?

Whataspect（s）ofthissubjectistheauthortalkingabout?

Whatistheauthortryingtogetacrossaboutthisaspectofthesubject?

（2）路标：

a.段落句

b.启承转合之处

c.强对比之处

d.例证之处

e.褒贬含义显著的字眼

f.因果关系之处

1．重点考察段落的一致性,连贯性的能力

话题词重复模式——命题人的核心价值和正确答案的唯一

正确答案往往是段落重复两次以上的话题词

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

Theword“bummer”mostprobablymeanssomething

　　A.religious　　B.unpleasant　　C.soul　　D.worms

历年真题

08年

Text1

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen.”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries（thefemalereproductiveorgans）removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith.”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

21.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

B.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbym