哈工大数控技术大作业.docx

哈工大数控技术大作业.docx

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哈工大数控技术大作业

《数控技术》课程（2015）

大作业

院（系）

机电工程学院

专业

机械制造及自动化

姓名

段泽军

学号

1120810810

班号

1208108

任课教师

付云忠

完成日期

2015年5月5日

哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院

2015年5月

说明

一、大作业应包括下列主要内容：

1.目录；

2.题目1的要求（精简版）与报告；

3.题目2的要求（精简版）与报告；

4.题目3的要求（精简版）与报告；

5.其他内容

二、注意事项：

1.报告可以打印，也可以手写，手写的请扫描后粘贴入word文件中，形成电子文档；

2.调研部分，不要为了凑字数，而撰写大量无关内容。

字数不重要，重要的是对调研内容的自我总结；

3.在大作业的最后，如果愿意，可以谈一下对课程的感受和建议；

4.报告的电子版请以班级为单位，刻录在光盘中交给任课教师。

三、报告请用A4纸双面打印，左侧装订，统一交给任课教师，以备检查。

四、此说明页请勿删除。

目录

说明I

目录II

题目一：

调研报告1

数控技术（双语）课程作业要求1

TheDevelopmentHistoryofSrvoMotor2

1Servomotorandnumericalcontrolservosystem2

1.1servosystem2

1.2TheapplicationofservosysteminCNCmachinetools2

1.3Servomotorandservosystems3

2Thedevelopmenthistoryofservomotor3

2.1Fromthemotortotheservomotor3

2.2Thedevelopmentoftheservomotor4

2.3thedevelopmenthistoryofservomotorinourcountry5

3technicalstatusquoofservosystem5

4thedevelopmentoftheservomotor8

4.1servomotortechnologydevelopmentprospects8

4.2marketdevelopmentprospectofservomotor11

5conclusion12

References12

题目二：

典型曲线数字积分法插补方法13

数控技术（双语）课程作业要求13

一，DDA法椭圆插补公式的推导14

二，椭圆插补的步骤15

三，插补器的结构框图15

四，DDA法椭圆插补的终点判别15

五，DDA法椭圆插补实例16

题目三：

加工中心零件编程18

数控技术（双语）课程作业要求18

一，数控机床设备参数19

1.1机床结构19

1.2机床的用途和加工特点19

1.3加工中心的主要技术参数19

二，加工工艺制订20

2.1加工零件20

2.2工艺分析20

三、加工工件和坐标系23

六、加工程序24

6.1精铣Φ60外圆工序的加工程序24

6.2工序6~10的加工程序24

6.3工序12精铣外轮廓的加工程序25

题目一：

调研报告

数控技术（双语）课程作业要求

调研内容：

请以课堂所学习的知识为基础，自主选择课程中所涉及的任一知识点进行调研。

可以调研知识点的发展脉络，也可以重点介绍该知识点的发展现状、争议与未来发展趋势。

请提交交独一无二的报告

工作量与要求：

1.报告需用英文撰写，可计算机打印，也可手写，但最后封面需手工签名。

2.格式请参照本科生毕业论文要求（见教务处网站），总字数不少于2000字。

3.在调研报告的最后，请列出参考的主要文献（英文学术刊物上正式发表的文献不少于5篇）或网址，并在正文中标注引用。

4.如果出现雷同，两位同学均无成绩。

TheDevelopmentHistoryofSrvoMotor

机电工程学院：

段泽军学号：

1120810810

Abstract：

Servomotoristheexecutionelementofncservosystem,thehighqualityservomotorservocontrolofCNCmachinetooltorealizetheimportantpremiseofaccuracycontrol,understandingofthehistoryanddevelopmentofnumericalcontrolservomotortechnologypresentsituation,forthedesignoftheservosystemisverynecessary.

Keywords：

Numericalcontrolmachinetool,servomotor,servosystem,acservo

1Servomotorandnumericalcontrolservosystem

1.1servosystem

Servosystemisalsocalledtheservosystem,whichisusedtopreciselyfolloworafeedbackcontrolsystemintheprocessofrepetition.Servosystemtomaketheobjectlocation,orientation,andstateisaccusedofoutputcanfollowtheinputtargetgivenvalue（or）anychangeoftheautomaticcontrolsystem.Itisthemaintaskofthepoweramplification,accordingtotherequirementofthecontrolcommand[1],transformationandregulation,suchasprocessing,drivingdevice,theoutputtorque,speedandpositioncontrolisveryflexibleandconvenient.Servosysteminmanycases,theamountofpointstobecontrolled（system）oftheoutputisthemechanicaldisplacementordisplacementvelocityandaccelerationfeedbackcontrolsystem,itsroleistomaketheoutputofthemechanicaldisplacement（orAngle）toaccuratelytracktheinputdisplacement（orAngle）,itsstructureandotherformsoffeedbackcontrolsystemthereisnodifferenceinprinciple.Servosystemisfirstusedinweaponsandequipment,suchasguncontrol,ships,aircraftautopilot,missiles,etc.,thengraduallyspreadtomanydepartmentsofnationaleconomy,suchasautomaticmachine,suchaswirelesstrackingcontrol.

1.2TheapplicationofservosysteminCNCmachinetools

InCNCmachinetoolservosystemformotorcontrolobject,thecontrollerasthecore,inpowerelectronicspowerconvertingdeviceforexecutingagency,undertheguidanceofautomaticcontroltheoryofelectricdriveautomaticcontrolsystem.Thiskindofsystemtocontrolthemotortorque,speedandAngle,convertselectricalenergyintomechanicalenergy,toachievemovementmechanicalmovementrequirements.Concreteinthenumericalcontrolmachinetool,theservosystemtoreceiveinstructions,numericalcontrolsystemofdisplacementandspeedaftertransformation,putwiththewholebig,drivenbymotorandmechanicaltransmissionmechanismofmachinetoolcoordinateaxisandspindle,drivetheworkbenchandrest,makethroughthelinkageoftheaxistoolrelativetotheworkpiecetoproduceallkindsofcomplicatedmechanicalmovement,thustoworkouttherequirementsofcomplexshapeoftheworkpiece.

Asactuatorofncmachinetool,servosystemtopowerelectronics,control,driveandprotectionsets,suchasawhole,andasthedigitalpulsewidthmodulationtechnology,specialmotormaterialtechnology,microelectronicstechnologyandtheprogressofmoderncontroltechnology,hasexperiencedfromsteptodc,andthentothedevelopmentofthecommunication.

1.3Servomotorandservosystems

Referstotheservomotorservocontrolofmechanicalcomponentsinthesystemoperationoftheengine,isakindofsubsidymotorindirectvariablespeeddevice.

Servomotorcanmakethecontrolspeed,positionaccuracyisveryaccurate,canconvertvoltagesignalintotorqueandrotationalspeedtodrivecontrolobject.Servomotorrotorspeedcontrolledbytheinputsignal,andcanberapidresponse,intheautomaticcontrolsystem,isusedasactuators,andhasasmallelectromechanicaltimeconstant,highlinearity,initiatingcharactersuchasvoltage,canconvertthereceivedelectricalsignaltothemotorshaftangulardisplacementorangularvelocityonoutput.Dividedintotwomajorcategoriesofdcandacservomotor,itsmaincharacteristicis,whenthesignalvoltageiszeronorotation,speeddecreaseswiththeincreaseoftorqueanduniform[2].

2Thedevelopmenthistoryofservomotor

2.1Fromthemotortotheservomotor

1800voltbatteryinvention,isastart,electricmotorafterthebirthanddevelopmentcanbedividedintoseveralstages.From1820untiltheendofthe19thcentury,discoveredtheelectromagneticphenomenaandrulesofthevariousrelated,gavebirthtotheprototypeoftheacmotor,andestablishedtheindustrialuseofthemotor.Fromthebeginningofthe20thcenturyuntilthe1970s,isthegrowthandmaturationofmotor,brushlessdcmotor,inductionmotor,synchronousmotorandsteppingmotorandmotorwerebornsemiconductordrivetechnologyandelectroniccontrolconceptisintroduced,thepracticalapplicationofvariablefrequencydrive.From1970stothelate20thcentury,therapiddevelopmentofcomputingtechnologybroughtopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofhigh-performancedrive,asthedesign,evaluation,measurement,control,powersemiconductors,bearing,magneticmaterials,insulationmaterials,manufacturingtechnologyprogress,motorontologyhasexperiencedalightweight,miniaturization,highlyefficient,highoutputtorque,lownoise,vibration,highreliability,lowcostandaseriesofchanges,thecorrespondingdriveandcontroldeviceisalsomoreintelligentandprogrammed.

ServofromLatin"Servo",referstothesystemwithexternalinstructioninpeopleexpectedmovement,movementfactorsincludethelocation,speedandtorque.Ofservosystemhasexperiencedaprocessfromthehydraulic,pneumatictoelectric,theelectricservosystemincludesaservomotor,feedbackdeviceandcontroller.Inthe1960s,thefirstisthedcmotorasthemainparts,inthe70s,increasingratioofacservomotor,graduallyreplacethedcmotorservosystemhasbecomethedominantexecution.In1978,GermanyMANNESMANNRexrothIndramatdivisionofHanovertradefairofficiallylaunchedMACpermanentmagnetacservomotoranddrivesystem,thissymbolizedthisnewgenerationofacservotechnologyhasenteredthestageofpracticalapplication.[3]

Earlysimulationsystemssuchaszerodrift,anti-interference,reliability,accuracyandflexibility,aswellasinsufficient,can'tfullymeettherequirementsofmotioncontrol.

2.2Thedevelopmentoftheservomotor

Thefunctionofthecontrolleristocompletetheclosed-loopcontroloftheservosystem,includingtorque,speedandposition,etc.Weusuallysaythattheservodriveisincludedthebasicfunctionofthecontrollerandpoweramplifier.Inmidandlate1980s,thecompanyhasacompleteseriesofproducts.Thewholeservodevicemarketturnedtotheacsystem.Whileusingpowerstepmotordrivendirectlyopenloopservosystemusedinthe90sofso-calledeconomicalncareasgetwidelyused,butquicklyreplacedbyacservo.

Inthe21stcentury,acservosystemismoreandmoremature,diversifiedmarketpresentsthefastdevelopmentofdomesticandforeignbrandstoenterthemarketcompetition.Atpresent,theacservotechnologyhasbecomeoneofthesupportingtechnologyofindustrialautomation.

Inacservosystem,thetypeofthemotorwithpermanentmagnetsynchronousacservomotor（all-digitalfuzzy）andasynchronousacservoinductionmotor（IM）,amongthem,thepermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorhasverygoodperformanceatlowspeed,canrealizetheweakmagneticspeedcontrol,awiderangeofspeedanddynamiccharacteristicandtheefficiencyisveryhigh,hasbecomethemainstreamoftheservosystem.Andalthoughinductionservomotorstructurestrong,simplemanufacturing,lowcost,butthereisagapintermsofcharacteristicsandefficiency,onlyinthehighpoweroccasion.

Onthecontrolstrategy,basedonthemotorvoltageandfrequencycontrolmethodandthemathematicmodelofsteadystateopenloopfluxtrajectorycontrolmethodcanachievegoodservocharacteristic,nowingeneraluseisbasedonthemathematicalmodelofpermanentmagnetmotordynamicdecouplingvectorcontrolmethod,whichisthecoreofmodernservosystemcontrolmethod.Althoughpeopleinordertofurtherimprove