统计学的重要性doc.docx

统计学的重要性doc.docx

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统计学的重要性doc

统计学介绍

统计学以概率论为基础的方法论学科，它在几乎所有的领域里面都具有重要的应用，统计学知识理论就像我们日常使用的电脑一样必不可少，是现代高级人才必备一种素质，在现代社会中没有统计学知识的人就如同一“文盲”.

统计学在人类活动当中举足轻重.统计学在工业、商业、贸易、物理学、化学、经济学、数学、生物学、植物学、心理学、天文学等等方面都扮演重要的角色，因此统计学的应用非常广泛，几乎涵盖每一个领域，下面我们来具体看一下它能运用在哪些方面.

1.统计学将帮助您成为一位成功的商人.成功的商人必须能够快速准确做出决策.如果你知道客户需要什么，那么你就知道该生产什么，生产多少.统计学将能帮助你制定生产计划，同时也能帮助你有效地检验产品质量，它能让你在关于企业地理位置、产品营销、金融资源等问题上做出正确的决定.

1）Business:

Statisticsplayanimportantroleinbusiness.Asuccessfulbusinessmanmustbeveryquickandaccurateindecisionmaking.Heknowsthatwhathiscustomerswants,heshouldtherefore,knowwhattoproduce

andsellandinwhatquantities.Statisticshelpsbusinessmantoplanproductonaccordingtothetasteofthecostumers,thequalityoftheproductscanalsobecheckedmoreefficientlybyusingstatisticalmethods.Soalltheactivitiesofthebusinessmanbasedonstatisticalinformation.Hecanmakecorrectdecisionaboutthelocationofbusiness,marketingoftheproducts,financialresourcesetc

2.如果你想在经济学方面有所发展，那万万是离不开统计学的.经

济学在很大程度上依赖于统计学，国民收入帐户对于经济学家和管理者来说是具有多重目的性的指标，统计学是建立这些帐户的基础.

在经济学的研究中统计学方法被用来收集、分析数据，并作出检验假设.统计学的方法可以用来研究供求关系，进出口，通货膨胀，人均收入等等问题的研究都离不开统计学.

（2）InEconomics:

Statisticsplayanimportantroleineconomics.Economicslargelydependsuponstatistics.Nationalincomeaccountsaremultipurposeindicatorsfortheeconomistsandadministrators.Statisticalmethodsareusedforpreparationoftheseaccounts.Ineconomicsresearchstatisticalmethodsareusedforcollectingandanalysisthedataandtestinghypothesis.Therelationshipbetweensupplyanddemandsisstudiesbystatisticalmethods,theimportsandexports,theinflationrate,thepercapitaincomearetheproblemswhichrequiregoodknowledgeofstatistics.

3•如果您想在数学领域有所发展，请务必学好统计学.统计学与数学密不可分，他们的很多东西都是互通的.所以想要学好数学也得要学好统计学.

（3）InMathematics:

Statisticalplaysacentralroleinalmostallnaturalandsocialsciences.

Themethodsofnaturalsciencesaremostreliablebutconclusionsdrawfromthemareonlyprobable,becausetheyarebasedonincompleteevidenee.Statisticalhelpsindescribingthesemeasurementsmoreprecisely.Statisticsisbranchofappliedmathematics.Thelargenumberofstatisticalmethodslikeprobabilityaverages,dispersions,estimationetc…isusedinmathematicsanddifferenttechniquesofpuremathematicslikeintegration,differentiationandalgebraareusedinstatistics.

4.如果您将来想入银行业，那么你就离不开统计学.因为银行在很

多的方面必须要用到统计学的方法.

（4）InBanking:

Statisticsplayanimportantroleinbanking.Thebanksmakeuseofstatisticsforanumberofpurposes.Thebanksworkontheprinciplethatallthepeoplewhodeposittheirmoneywiththebanksdonotwithdrawitatthesametime.Thebankearnsprofitsoutofthesedepositsbylendingtoothersoninterest.Thebankersusestatisticalapproachesbasedonprobabilitytoestimatethenumbersofdepositorsandtheirclaimsforacertainday.

5.如果您将来想成为一名管理人才，那么缺乏统计学知识是简直是不可想象的事情.许多的国家政策的制定都基于统计数据，统计数据是被广泛用于管理决策.

（5）InStateManagement（Administration）:

Statisticsisessentialforacountry.Differentpoliciesofthegovernmentarebasedonstatistics.Statisticaldataarenowwidelyusedintakingalladministrativedecisions.Supposeifthegovernmentwantstorevisethepayscalesofemployeesinviewofanincreaseinthelivingcost,statisticalmethodswillbeusedtodeterminetheriseinthecostofliving.Preparationoffederalandprovincialgovernmentbudgetsmainlydependsuponstatisticsbecauseithelpsinestimatingtheexpectedexpendituresandrevenuefromdifferentsources.Sostatisticsaretheeyesofadministrationofthestate.

6.统计学在会计和审计中运用相当广泛.想学会计与审计的同学统计学知识是必不可少的.

（6）InAccountingandAuditing:

Accountingisimpossiblewithoutexactness.Butfordecisionmakingpurpose,somuchprecisionisnotessentialthedecisionmaybetakenonthebasisofapproximation,knowasstatistics.Thecorrectionofthevaluesofcurrentassertsismadeonthebasisofthepurchasingpowerofmoneyorthecurrentvalueofit.

Inauditingsamplingtechniquesarecommonlyused.Anauditordeterminesthesamplesizeofthebooktobeauditedonthebasisoferror.

7.统计学在几乎所有的自然科学和社会科学中都不可或缺.统计方

法被广泛用来分析实验结果，检验显著性，比如生物、物理、化学

（7）InNaturalandSocialSciences:

Statisticsplaysavitalroleinalmostallthenaturalandsocialsciences.Statisticalmethodsarecommonlyusedforanalyzingtheexperimentsresults,testingtheirsignificaneeinBiology,Physics,Chemistry,

Mathematics,Meteorology,Researchchambersofcommerce,

Sociology,Business,PublicAdministration,Communicationand

InformationTechnologyetc…

8.如果您有志成为天文学方面的人才，你得学好统计学才行.

（8）InAstronomy:

Astronomyisoneoftheoldestbranchofstatisticalstudy,itdealswith

themeasurementofdistanee,sizes,massesanddensitiesofheavenlybodiesbymeansofobservations.Duringthesemeasurementserrorsareunavoidablesomostprobablemeasurementsarefoundedbyusingstatisticalmethods.

Example:

Thisdistanceofmoonfromtheearthismeasured.Sinceolddaystheastronomershavebeenstatisticalmethodslikemethodofleastsquaresforfindingthemovementsofstars.

大学大多数学科将会涉及统计学（下面只是其中一些直接以统计为

基础的学科，还有很多专业或学科也是跟统计学相关的）：

Statisticsisthemathematicalscienceinvolvingthecollection,analysisandinterpretationofdata.Anumberofspecialtieshaveevolvedtoapplystatisticaltheoryandmethodstovariousdisciplines.Certaintopicshave"statistical"intheirnamebutrelatetomanipulationsofprobabilitydistributionsratherthantostatisticalanalysis.

（精算）Actuarialscienceisthedisciplinethatappliesmathematicalandstatisticalmethodstoassessriskinthinsuranceandfinanceindustries.

*（生物统计学）Biostatisticsisabranchof（生物）biologythatstudiesbiologicalphenomenaandobservationsbymeansofstatisticalanalysis,andincludes（医学统计）medicalstatistics

«（商业分析）Businessanalyticsisarapidlydevelopingbusinessprocessthatappliesstatisticalmethodstodatasets（oftenverylarge）todevelopnewinsightsandunderstandingofbusinessperformanee&opportunities

«（化学统计学）Chemometricsisthescieneeofrelatingmeasurementsmadeonachemicalsystemorprocesstothestateofthesystemviaapplicationofmathematicalorstatisticalmethods.

«（人口统计学）Demographyisthestatisticalstudyofallpopulations.Itcanbeaverygeneralscieneethatcanbeappliedtoanykindofdynamicpopulation,thatis,onethatchangesovertimeorspace.

*（计量经济学）Econometricsisabranchofeconomicsthatappliesstatisticalmethodstotheempiricalstudyofeconomictheoriesandrelationships.

*（环境统计学）EnvironmentalstatisticsistheapplicationofstatisticalmethodstoenvironmentaiscieneeWeather,climate,airandwaterqualityareincluded,asarestudiesofplantandanimalpopulations.

*（流行病学）Epidemiologyisthestudyoffactorsaffectingthehealthand

illnessofpopulations,andservesasthefoundationandlogicofinterventionsmadeintheinterestofpublichealthandpreventivemedicine.

«（统计地质学）Geostatisticsisabranchofgeographythatdealswiththeanalysisofdatafromdisciplinessuchaspetroleumgeology,hydrogeology,hydrology,meteorology,oceanographygeochemistry,geography.

*（运筹学）Operationsresearch（orOperationalResearch）isaninterdisciplinarybranchofappliedmathematicsandformalsciencethatusesmethodssuchasmathematicalmodeling,statistics,andalgorithmstoarriveatoptimalornearoptimalsolutionstocomplexproblems.

*（种群生态学）Populationecologyisasub-fieldofecologythatdealswiththedynamicsofspeciespopulationsandhowthesepopulationsinteractwiththeenvironment

*（心理测验学）Psychometricsisthetheoryandtechniqueofeducationalandpsychologicalmeasurementofknowledge,abilities,attitudes,and

personalitytraits.

*（质量控制）Qualitycontrolreviewsthefactorsinvolvedinmanufacturingandproduction;itcanmakeuseolstatisticalsamplingofproductitemstoaiddecisionsinprocesscontrolorinacceptingdeliveries.

«（数理心理学）Quantitativepsychologyisthescieneeofstatisticallyexplainingandchangingmentalprocessesandbehaviorsinhumans.

«（可靠性工程学）ReliabilityEngineeringisthestudyoftheabilityofasystemorcomponenttoperformitsrequiredfunctionsunderstatedconditionsforaspecifiedperiodoftime

«（统计金融）Statisticalfinance,anareaofeconophysicsisanempiricalattempttoshiftfinancefromitsnormativerootstoapositivistframeworkusingexemplarsfromstatisticalphysicswithanemphasisonemergentorcollectivepropertiesoffinancialmarkets.

*（统计力学）Statisticalmechanicsistheapplicationofprobabilitytheory,whichincludesmathematicaltoolsfordealingwithlargepopulations,tothefieldofmechanicswhichisconcernedwiththemotionofparticlesorobjectswhensubjectedtoaforce.

*（统计物理学）Statisticalphysicsisoneofthefundamentaltheoriesofphysicsandusesmethodsofprobabilitytheoryinsolvingphysicalproblems.

«（统计热力学）Statisticalthermodynamicssthestudyofthemicroscopicbehaviorsofthermodynamicsystemsusingprobabilitytheoryandprovidesamolecularlevelinterpretationofthermodynamicquantitiessuchaswork,heatfreeenergyandentropy.

美国大学统计专业排名

1StanfordUniversity斯坦福大学

2UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley加州大学伯克利分校

3HarvardUniversity哈佛大学

3UniversityofWashington华盛顿大学

5JohnsHopkinsUniversity约翰霍普金斯大学

6TheUniversityofChicago芝加哥大学

9CarnegieMellonUniversity卡内基美隆大学

10DukeUniversity杜克大学

12NorthCarolinaStateUniversity北卡罗来纳州立大学

12TexasA&MUniversity德州A&M大学

12UniversityofMichiganAnnArbor密西根大学-安娜堡分校

12UniversityofPennsylvania宾夕法尼亚大学

17UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley加州大学伯克利分校

17UniversityofMinnesotaTwinCities明尼苏达大学TwinCities分校

20Io