英语语言学概论复习.docx

英语语言学概论复习.docx

《英语语言学概论复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语语言学概论复习.docx（23页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

英语语言学概论复习

《英语语言学概论》课程复习题集（1-6章）

2013-6-1

ChapterIIntroduction2012

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEorFALSE:

T1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.

F2.CompetenceandperformanceisdistinguishedbySaussure.

F3.Asynchroniclinguisticsisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.

T4.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

F5.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.

F6.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.

T7.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.

T8.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.

T9.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.

T10.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.

F11.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.

T12.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

F13.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.

T14.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.

T15.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.

T16.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.

T17.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.

T18.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

T19.Thearbitrarynatureoflanguagemakesitpossibleforlanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions.

F20.Synchroniclinguisticisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.

F21.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.

T22.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.

F23.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.

T24.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.

F25.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.

F26.Featuresthatcontrastwordsinmeaningarecalleddesignfeaturesaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.

F27.Linguisticsymbolsarearbitrary.

F28.ByarbitrarinessSaussuremeansthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearsomenaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

descriptive?

1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed_______.

knowledge2.?

Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.

abstract3.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

Duality43.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

arbitrary5.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

Sociolinguistics6.Sisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

syntax7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.

genetic8.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.

Parole9.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

applied10.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.

productive11.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbe12

scientifc12.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.

social13.Tohelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelationsisthesfunctionoflanguage.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

A1.Thedescriptionofalanguageinafixedinstantisa_______study.

A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.systematic

D2.Theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningiscalled_____.

A.sociolinguisticsB.Psycholinguistics

C.computationallinguisticsD.AppliedLinguistics

C3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptiveB.analytic

C.descriptiveD.linguistic

D4.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.ArbitrarinessB.Displacement

C.DualityD.Meaningfulness

A5.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.

A.primaryB.correct

C.secondaryD.stable

D6.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.

A.?

inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B.?

speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.

C.?

speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue

D.?

Alloftheabove

C7.Manymodernlinguistshavecriticizedtraditionalgrammariansforadoptinga_____approachtolanguagestudy.

A.synchronicB.diachronic

C.prescriptiveD.descriptive

B8.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.

A.synchronicB.diachronic

C.prescriptiveD.comparative

C9.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.paroleB.performance

C.langueD.Language

B10.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.

A.senseB.sounds

C.objectsD.ideas

A11.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,

A.displacementB.duality

C.flexibility?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

D.culturaltransmission

B12.Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadeby_______earlylastcentury.

A.AmericanlinguistN.ChomskyB.SwisslinguistF.deSaussure

C.AmericanlinguistEdwardSapirD.BritishlinguistJ.R.Firth

A13.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis.

A.arbitraryB.rationalC.logicalD.cultural

IV.Answerthefollowingquestion:

1.Inwhatbasicwaysdoesmodernlinguisticsdifferfromtraditionalgrammar?

2.WhatarethemainfeaturesofhumanlanguagethathavebeenspecifiedbyC.Hocketttoshowthatitisessentiallydifferentfromanimalcommunicationsystem?

Chapter2：

Phonology

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

T1.?

?

?

?

?

VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.?

F2.?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.?

F3.?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning.?

F4.?

?

?

?

?

?

?

EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.?

T5.?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting.?

T6.?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Ineverydaycommunication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.?

F7.?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Articulatoryphoneticstriestodescribethephysicalpropertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph.?

F8.?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:

thethroat,themouthandthechest.

T9.Thesound〔z〕isavoicedalveolarstop.

T9.VoicingisadistinctivefeatureforEnglishconsonants.

F10.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thenthetwowordsarecalledminimalpairs.Sipandzipareaminimalpair,asarefineandvine,andvealandleaf.

T11.?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing.?

F12.?

?

Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.?

F13.?

?

Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.?

T12.?

?

Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:

thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.?

F13.?

?

Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels.?

T14.TheEnglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceandmannerofarticulation.

F15.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependonthepositionsoflips.

F16.?

?

Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.?

F17.?

?

Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning.?

F18.?

?

Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories.?

T19.?

?

Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning.?

F20.?

?

Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast.?

T21.?

?

Therulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific.?

T22.?

?

Distinctivefeaturesofsoundsegmentscanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.

T23.Articulatoryphoneticsisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.

T24.Thespeechsoundsinalmosteverylanguagecanbedividedintotwomajornaturalclasses:

consonantsandvowels.

T25.Thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesintheobstructionofairstream.

F26.Suprasegmentalfeaturesaredistinctivefeaturesofsegmentalphonemes.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

aspiration27．A_____referstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofspeechsounds.?

articulatory28．?

A___________phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer.?

Bilabial29．Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb_______sounds.?

Tongue30．Ofallthespeechorgans,thet____isthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother.?

place31．Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofp_______ofarticulation.?

stop32．Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingoutagainiscalledas________.

suprasegmental33．S_________featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,tone,intonation,etc.?

sequential34．Therule