21高考英语北师大一轮复习课后达标检测1 nit 22 Environmental Protection 含答案.docx
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21高考英语北师大一轮复习课后达标检测1nit22EnvironmentalProtection含答案
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
（2020·山西六校测试）WorldEnvironmentDayiscelebratedannuallyonJune5thandwascreatedtoinspirepeoplearoundtheglobetotakeanactivepartinenvironmentalprotectionandlearnmoreaboutwayswecanhelptoguaranteethefutureofourplanetissafe.
TheveryfirstWorldEnvironmentDaytookplacein1974,establishedbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyonthefirstdayoftheStockholmConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentthattookplacein1972.EachyeartheUnitedNationspicksathemeandahostcitywhereanyonewhoisconcernedabouttheenvironmentcantalkaboutenvironmentaltopicswithothers,followedbydifferentkindsofexhibitstopromoteenvironmentalawareness.Environmentalists,academicsandscientistscometogethertobringnewideasonthetableconcerningtheenvironment.
The2018WorldEnvironmentDaywashostedbyIndia,andthethemewasBeatPlasticPollution.Iturgedpeopletoexploreandchoosesupportablealternativeslikepaperorclothbagstoreducetheproductionanduseofdisposableplastic,whichmadeup10%ofallofthewaste.EventhoughtheUnitedNationspicksaspecifichostcityeveryyear,peoplearoundtheworldstillcelebrateWorldEnvironmentDayintheirhometownswithparades（游行）,concerts,cleaningupandtreeplantingandallkindsofgreenactionstoworktowardshavingabeautifulplanetandbattlingpollution.
WorldEnvironmentDayisnotapublicholiday,soyouwon’tbegettingthedayoffworkorschool,butifyouwanttocelebrate,whynotbringittotheattentionofyourparents,friends,colleaguesorclassmates?
WorldEnvironmentDayisallaboutworkingtogethertotakeactionfortheplanet,sotrytogeteveryoneyouknowinterestedinhelpingdosomething.Thingsassmallasmakingsurepeoplehaveawaytorecyclecanmakeadifference.Youcouldalsotrybeautifyingyourneighborhoodbyplantinggardens,learnaboutgreenfoods,raisemoneyforalocalwildlifeconservationgrouporsimplylearnabouttheeffectsofdifferentproductsontheearth.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。
1．WhyisWorldEnvironmentDaysetup?
A．Tomakepeopleknowmoreaboutnature.
B．Toaskpeopletohelptoprotecttheglobe.
C．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofairpollution.
D．Toencouragepeopletoplantheearth’sfuture.
B 解析：
细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“toinspirepeoplearoundtheglobetotakeanactivepartinenvironmentalprotectionandlearnmoreaboutwayswecanhelptoguaranteethefutureofourplanetissafe”可知，世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选B。
2．WhatdopeopledoonWorldEnvironmentDay?
A．Decideahostcity.
B．Holdathemeparty.
C．Discussenvironmentalideas.
D．Showsomeplasticproducts.
C 解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“whereanyonewhoisconcernedabouttheenvironmentcantalkaboutenvironmentaltopicswithothers”以及“Environmentalists,academicsandscientistscometogethertobringnewideasonthetableconcerningtheenvironment.”可知，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选C。
3．Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“disposable”inParagraph3?
A．Highcost. B．Poor quality.
C．Secondhand.D．Singleuse.
D 解析：
词义猜测题。
根据第三段中的“BeatPlasticPollution”可知，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“Iturgedpeopletoexploreandchoosesupportablealternativeslikepaperorclothbags”和后面的“whichmadeup10%ofallofthewaste”可知，“disposableplastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D。
4．What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?
A．Everybitofeffortcounts.
B．Doingisbetterthansaying.
C．Manyhandsmakelightwork.
D．Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.
A 解析：
段落大意题。
根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日，所以人们不放假。
但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它。
所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要（Everybitofeffortcounts.），故选A。
Doingisbetterthansaying.“行胜于言。
”；Manyhandsmakelightwork.“众人拾柴火焰高。
”；Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.“有志者事竟成。
”
B
（2020·湖北武昌区调研）Historiansandarchaeologistshavedefinedperiodsofhumanhistoryforcenturiesbythetechnologiesormaterialsthatmadethegreatestimpactonsociety.ThisincludestheStoneAge,theBronzeAge,andtheIronAge.Butwhatageareweinnow?
Thatquestioncanbeansweredwithonewordforsomeresearchers:
Plastics.
“Plastichasredefinedourmaterialcultureandtheartifactsweleavebehind.Itwillbefoundinstratified（分层的）layersinourtrashdeposits（沉积层）．”That’saccordingtoJohnMarston,anarchaeologist.
Thewidevarietyofsyntheticpolymers（合成聚合物）wouldnotexistifitweren’tforhumanaction.Aboutsixbilliontonsofplasticshavebeenmadeandspreadaroundtheplanet.Theyhavebeenspreadfromforeststooceanseversincethefirstplasticpolymerswereinvented.
PlasticsareoneofthemostsignificantchangesthathumanshavemadetotheEarth’smakeup.Mostplasticsdon’teasilydegrade.Thisonlyaddstotheproblem.Recyclingisn’tanadequatesolution.Notalltypesofplasticareeasilyrecyclable.Andthereareonlyafewrecyclingplantsthatcanprocessallvarietiesofplastic.
AccordingtoDebraWinter,writerforTheAtlantic,thismeansthatmanyofthematerialsthrownintorecyclingbinscancrosstheplanetseveraltimesbeforetheyareprocessed.Theyaremadeintorugs,sweaters,ortheyareusedtomakeotherbottles.Millionsoftonsofplasticsarerecycledeveryyear,butmillionsmoreendupinlandfillsortheocean.Theproblemhasreachedthepointwhereit’spossiblethatinjustafewdecadestheremightbemoreplasticintheworld’soceansthanfishes.
“Plasticshaveasupposedlifespanofover500years,soit’ssafetosaythateveryplasticbottleyouhaveusedexistssomewhereonthisplanet,insomeformoranother，”Winterwrites.
Thedamagemayalreadybedone.Itmaybetoolateforhumanpopulationsworldwidetochangetheirplasticusingways.SothePlasticAgemightsoontakeitsplacenexttotheBronzeAgeandtheIronAgeinthehistoryofhumancivilization.
【解题导语】 在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。
5．WhydopeoplecallouragethePlasticAge?
A．Becauseplasticsarenotnaturallymade.
B．Becausehumanscreateplastics.
C．Becauseplasticsinfluencetheworldgreatly.
D．Becausehistoriansandarchaeologiststhinkso.
C 解析：
推理判断题。
根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是通过对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。
6．Accordingtothepassage,howaremostplasticsdealtwithcurrently?
A．Theyarerecycled.
B．Theyaredegraded.
C．Theyarethrownaway.
D．Theyaremadeintobottles.
C 解析：
细节理解题。
根据第五段中的“Millionsoftonsofplasticsarerecycledeveryyear,butmillionsmoreendupinlandfillsortheocean.”可知，每年数百万吨的塑料垃圾被回收，但是更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。
7．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothePlasticAge?
A．Negative.B．Ambiguous.
C．Favorable.D．Unconcerned.
A 解析：
观点态度题。
根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，世界各地的人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。
由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。
故A项正确。
8．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A．Plasticshaveruinedourenvironment.
B．Wemuststopusingplasticsaltogether.
C．HumanbeingsareinthePlasticAge.
D．Plasticsaresignificanttohumandevelopment.
C 解析：
主旨大意题。
通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，由此可推知，C项最符合文意。
完形填空
（2020·合肥高三联考）Everyyear,thefifthgradersatBrookstoneElementarySchoolwentonafieldtriptoWashington,D．C.Terence__1__theexcitingtrip,andwas__2__togothenextyear.
Terenceaskedhisparents__3__iftheywouldpayforhalfofthetripifheearnedtheotherhalfofthemoneyhimself.Hisparents__4__.Hehadalmostayeartoearn$150.Hisfirst__5__wastoearnmoneybybabysitting,andhetypedaniceletter__6__that“hewouldbabysitduringhisneighbors’__7__”.Henamedafewafternoonsavailableandsaidhewould__8__$1perhourperchild.Afterfivebabysitting__9__，heearned$45.
Whenthe__10__weatherarrived,Terenceknockedonhisneighbors’doorstoaskiftheyneededhelpwith__11__work.Hehelpedwithmowing（修剪）andweedinggardens.Afterthesummerwasover,heearned$75.Whenthefallarrived,hecountedhismoneyand__12__thathestillneeded$30forhistrip.Soonhismomsawa（n）__13__forajobforhim.Hegotajob__14__newspaperseveryWednesdayafternoon,making5centsforeverypaper,$10__15__eachWednesday.Itwasn’tlongbeforehehad__16__moneytogoonthetriptoWashington,D．C.Hewas__17__intime.TheclasstripwasonOctober15.Hismomanddadgavehimacheckforthe$150they__18__him.Whatagreatfeeling!
Hehelped__19__thecostofhistrip.
Thisexperience__20__Terenceinmanyways,makinghisdreamarealitywithgreatefforts.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。
小学生Terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。
父母答应后，他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。
1．A.preparedforB．laidout
C．referredtoD．heardabout
D 解析：
根据第一句可知，每年Terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“togothenextyear”可知，Terence应该是听说了（heardabout）这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望（dying）来年也去。
2．A.dyingB．grateful
C．luckyD．proud
A
3．A.curiouslyB．casually
C．anxiouslyD．briefly
C 解析：
根据上文可知，Terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示Terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他一半的旅行费用。
C项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故C项正确。
4．A.submittedB．agreed
C．bargainedD．refused
B 解析：
根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“Hismomanddadgavehimacheckforthe$150they______him.”可知，他的父母同意（agreed）为他支付一半的旅行费用。
5．A.ideaB．job
C．conclusionD．suggestion
A 解析：
根据该句中的“toearnmoneybybabysitting”“typedaniceletter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意（idea）就是通过代人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打印了一封信，信上说（saying）邻居不在（absence）时他可以帮他们照看孩子。
6．A.declaringB．confirming
C．showingD．saying
D
7．A.stayB．company
C．interactionD．absence
D
8．A.payB．spend
C．chargeD．donate
C 解析：
根据该句中的“$1perhourperchild”并结合语境可知，Terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。
C项意为“收费，开价”，故C项正确。
9．A.negotiationsB．sessions
C．attemptsD．interviews
B 解析：
根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。
B项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故B项正确。
10．A.warm
升级会员 